Journal of Epidemiology
Online ISSN : 1349-9092
Print ISSN : 0917-5040
ISSN-L : 0917-5040
17 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の5件中1~5を表示しています
Original Article
  • Dambadarjaa Davaalkham, Toshiyuki Ojima, Ritei Uehara, Makoto Watanabe ...
    2007 年 17 巻 3 号 p. 69-75
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2007/06/02
    ジャーナル フリー
    BACKGROUND: The impact of the universal infant hepatitis B (HB) immunization program initiated in 1991 in Mongolia is still unclear.
    METHODS: A nationwide school-based cross-sectional serosurvey was conducted in 2004, with stratified, multistage, random cluster sampling from all public elementary schools (n=593) in Mongolia. All children were tested for serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV).
    RESULTS: Serology results were available for 1,145 children (592 boys and 553 girls) aged 7-12 years (survey response rate: 93%). Immunization card was available for 702 (61.3%) children. The coverage of complete HB vaccination was 60.1% and it was increased by birth cohort from 44% to 76%. Significantly higher proportion of children in Metropolitan cities (75.2%) was completely vaccinated with HB compared to those in Province centers (55.7%) and rural areas (59.1%). HBV infection occurred in 5.9%, 13.2%, and 20.8% of complete vaccinees living in Metropolitan, Province centers, and rural areas, respectively; of whom 1.2%, 2.9%, and 8.6% were HB surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers, respectively. Only 17.0% of the children had protective anti-HBs which decreased from 31.1% to 16.3% among 7 to 12-year-olds indicating its decay with time.
    CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of HBV infection and carriage among young generation meaningfully declined compared with those of previous studies in Mongolia. The coverage of birth dose and complete HB vaccination was significantly low in Province centers and rural areas which should be taken into consideration.
    J Epidemiol 2007; 17: 69-75.
  • Jun Nagano, Kiyohiko Mabuchi, Yasuhiko Yoshimoto, Yuzo Hayashi, Nobuo ...
    2007 年 17 巻 3 号 p. 76-85
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2007/06/02
    ジャーナル フリー
    BACKGROUND: Because little is known about the etiology of thyroid cancer in Japan, we conducted a case-control study of thyroid cancer and lifestyle and other risk factors. The present report focuses on medical history, family history, smoking and alcohol drinking, and their interactions with radiation exposure.
    METHODS: Thyroid cancer cases reported to the Hiroshima and Nagasaki tumor registries during 1970-1986 were histologically reviewed by pathologists. For each of 362 cases with papillary or follicular adenocarcinoma diagnosed at <75 years of age, one control without cancer matched on city, sex, year of birth, and atomic-bomb radiation exposure was selected from the Life Span Study cohort or the offspring cohort. The cohort subjects were residents of Hiroshima and Nagasaki with or without atomicbomb radiation exposure. Information on risk factors was obtained through a pre-structured interview carried out in 1986-1988.
    RESULTS: Analysis using conditional logistic regression showed history of goiter or thyroid nodule and family history of cancer to be significantly associated with an increased odds ratio for thyroid cancer. Smoking and alcohol drinking were significantly and independently associated with a reduced odds ratio. Interaction between smoking and alcohol drinking was not evident based on either an additive model or a multiplicative model. Radiation exposure did not significantly modify the associations between these factors and thyroid cancer risk.
    CONCLUSION: History of goiter/nodule and family history of cancer were risk factors for thyroid cancer. Smoking and alcohol drinking were independently associated with reduced risk. Self-reported retrospective information presents some limitations in interpretation of the data.
    J Epidemiol 2007; 17: 76-85.
  • Satoko Yoneyama, Katsuyuki Miura, Satoshi Sasaki, Katsushi Yoshita, Yu ...
    2007 年 17 巻 3 号 p. 86-92
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2007/06/02
    ジャーナル フリー
    BACKGROUND: Inflammation has been established as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The relationships of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids to inflammation are still controversial in Western populations. The relationships are not clear in Japanese whose intake of seafood-based long-chain n-3 PUFAs is high.
    METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional epidemiologic study in the Japanese population (1,556 men and 1,461 women aged 35-60). Serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured, and intakes of 7 specific fatty acids (% of energy) were evaluated by a validated self-administered dietary history questionnaire.
    RESULTS: CRP was significantly and inversely related to the intakes of oleic acid (p=0.008) and α-linolenic acid (p=0.026) in women after adjustment for confounding factors. A multiple regression analysis showed that, especially in the middle tertile of long-chain n-3 PUFAs (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) intake, CRP was inversely related to the intake of oleic acid and linoleic acid in both sexes and to the intake of α-linolenic acid in women.
    CONCLUSION: Intakes of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and α-linolenic acid would reduce serum CRP, especially when the intake of long-chain n-3 PUFAs is at a moderate level in Japanese.
    J Epidemiol 2007; 17:86-92.
  • Yoshiharu Fukuda, Hiroyuki Nakao, Hirohisa Imai
    2007 年 17 巻 3 号 p. 93-99
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2007/06/02
    ジャーナル フリー
    BACKGROUND: There are several alternative indicators of income information, which is a fundamental measure of individual socioeconomic position. In this study, we compared the degrees of associations of four types of income information with health variables among Japanese adults.
    METHODS: Using a nationally representative sample of 29,446 men and 32,917 women aged 20 years and over, the associations between four income indicators and health variables were examined using the odds ratio in logistic regression analysis and the concentration index by sex and age group (20-59 years and 60+ years). Income indicators consisted of total household income, equivalent household income, total household expenditure, and equivalent household expenditure. Current smoking and self-rated health statuses were used as health variables.
    RESULTS: A low income was associated with a high prevalence of smoking and fair/poor self-rated health, with some differences among sex and age groups and income indicators, but less difference among methods of statistical analyses. Total and equivalent incomes were similarly and more markedly associated with smoking and self-rated health statuses, whereas equivalent expenditure showed the smallest degree of health difference. For the population aged 60+ years, the degree of health differences in smoking was similar between income and expenditure.
    CONCLUSIONS: Although the degree of income-related health differences is dependent on health outcome and both sex and age group, this study suggests that either crude or equivalent household income is a useful indicator for health inequality among Japanese adults.
    J Epidemiol 2007; 17: 93-99.
Statistical Data
  • Nahomi Imaeda, Chiho Goto, Yuko Tokudome, Kaoru Hirose, Kazuo Tajima, ...
    2007 年 17 巻 3 号 p. 100-107
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2007/06/02
    ジャーナル フリー
    BACKGROUND: In epidemiologic field studies, a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is one of the most feasible tools to assess usual dietary habits. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reproducibility of consumption of foods and nutrients assessed with a self-administered short FFQ in a Japanese general population.
    METHODS: We have investigated 1-year interval reproducibility of a self-administered short FFQ, comprising 47 food items, and 8 frequency categories, among 1,918 subjects (844 males and 1,074 females) who participated in health check-up programs in Central Japan.
    RESULTS: Intakes of energy and 24 nutrients along with 15 food groups estimated using the first questionnaire (FFQ1) were approximately equal to those using the second (FFQ2). Spearman's rank correlation coefficients (CCs) between intakes of nutrients quantified with FFQ1 and FFQ2 in males were distributed as 0.74 - 0.66- 0.55 (maximum - median - minimum), and intraclass CCs (ICCs) as 0.85 - 0.78 - 0.67. Among females, Spearman's rank CCs were distributed as 0.73 - 0.62 - 0.54, and ICCs as 0.84 - 0.77 - 0.69. Percentages of exact agreement, exact agreement plus agreement within adjacent categories and disagreement according to quintile categorization were 43%, 80%, and 1%, for males, and 42%, 79%, and 1% for females. Reproducibility figures were higher for the elderly than for young people in both sexes.
    CONCLUSIONS: Our FFQ yielded substantially high reproducibility and it may be applicable for assessing consumption of foods/food groups and energy and selected nutrients for the middle-aged and elderly population in Japan.
    J Epidemiol 2007; 17: 100-107.
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