環境化学
Online ISSN : 1882-5818
Print ISSN : 0917-2408
ISSN-L : 0917-2408
18 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の7件中1~7を表示しています
報文
  • 丸尾 容子, 中村 二朗, 山田 巧, 徳満 知, 泉 克幸, 内山 政弘
    2008 年 18 巻 4 号 p. 501-509
    発行日: 2008年
    公開日: 2009/06/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    We have developed a sensor element for detecting formaldehyde using a reaction between β-diketone and formaldehyde. We estimated the formation and decomposition reaction rate constants of pyridine derivatives (yellow dye) on the sensor element, and also estimated interference gases. We found that the formation reaction rate constant on acetylacetone sensor element was three times than that on 1-phenyl-1, 3-butandione's one, and absorbance was 2.4 times than that of 1-phenyl-1, 3-butandione's one. It means that the color of the acetylacetone element rapidly changes to deeper yellow when it is exposed to formaldehyde. The decomposition reaction occurs on the acetylacetone sensor element, on the other hand, only the formation reaction occurs on the 1-phenyl-1, 3-butandione element, and the pyridine derivative is stable at least for one week. Therefore it was found that the 1-phenyl-1,3-butandione and acetylacetone elements were suitable for long hours measurement and short hours measurement, respectively. We also found that no interference gases existed in the normal atmospheric condition.
    The developed sensor element was small, flat plate, pumping-free, and accumulated type, therefore we could set that at the desired space where we wanted to know the formaldehyde concentration, for arbitrary period. Then the absorbance change of the sensor element could be converted into the formaldehyde concentration using the preliminarily calculated calibration curve.
    We successfully measured the formaldehyde concentration in closed space, because the developed sensor worked without a pumping unit.
  • Kurie OHCHO, Keita SAITO, Hiroyuki KATAOKA
    2008 年 18 巻 4 号 p. 511-520
    発行日: 2008年
    公開日: 2009/06/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    A simple and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of 15 non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)—acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen, fenoprofen, flurbiprofen, loxoprofen, ketoprofen, mefenamic acid, flufenamic acid, diclofenac, tolfenamic acid, oxaprozin, phenylbutazone, indomethacin, and acemetacin—in environmental water was developed. This method consists of in-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). These NSAIDs were analyzed within 10 min using an ODS-3 column and 5 mM aqueous ammonium formate/acetonitrile (60/40, v/v) as the mobile phase. Electrospray ionization conditions in the negative ion mode were optimized for MS-MS detection of these drugs. The optimum in-tube SPME conditions were 20 draw/eject cycles of 40 μL of sample at a flow rate of 150 μL/min using a Carboxen-1006 PLOT capillary column as an extraction device. The extracted NSAIDs were easily desorbed from the capillary by passage of mobile phase. Using the in-tube SPME/LC-MS-MS method, good linearity of the calibration curve (r≥0.9997) was obtained in the concentration range from 0.1∼10 ng/mL for all compounds examined. The limits of detection (S/N=3) of NSAIDs ranged from 5∼65 pg/mL. This method could be successfully applied to analysis of surface water and wastewater without any other pretreatment or interference peaks. The recoveries of NSAIDs spiked into river water were above 80%, and the relative standard deviations were below 8.3%. Among the NSAIDs tested in this study, loxoprofen was detected in hospital wastewater at 458 pg/mL.
  • 高木 麻衣, 田宮 さやか, 吉永 淳, 宇田川 弘勝, 田中 敦, 瀬山 春彦, 柴田 康行, 上松 あゆ美, 加治 正行
    2008 年 18 巻 4 号 p. 521-531
    発行日: 2008年
    公開日: 2009/06/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    Although it is widely recognized that lead affects children′s cognitive function even at lower blood lead level (<10 μg/dL), systematic studies on the source of lead for Japanese children have been limited. A case study for 3 Japanese children having higher blood lead level (∼3 μg/dL) was performed to identify the source of lead. Some potential sources (soil, indoor dust, outdoor dust, diet and tobacco) were collected from the environment of each child. After digestion with acid and extraction with artificial gastric juice, lead concentration and lead isotope ratio (207Pb/206Pb, 208Pb/206Pb) were measured by ICP-MS. Children were estimated to be exposed to 2.5∼5.0 μg of lead on daily basis that was much less than the value estimated from their blood lead level. Isotope ratio analysis indicated that indoor dust was the dominant exposure source (65∼88 % lead uptake basis) in one case, of which result was similar to those in other countries in spite of great differences in life styles. In another case, higher blood 208Pb/206Pb compare to those of environmental samples indicated the presence of unknown lead source(s) for this child.
  • 岡山 玲子, AHMAD ZAINI Muhammad Abbas, 相川 正美, 町田 基, 立本 英機
    2008 年 18 巻 4 号 p. 533-539
    発行日: 2008年
    公開日: 2009/06/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    Activated carbon (AC) was treated by ammonia gas to introduce nitrogen element on the graphite sheets for enhancing adsorption amount of copper(II) ions in aqueous solution. The nitrogen content was increased with the rise in NH3 treatment temperature. Though any significant textural properties was not observed in the NH3 treatment up to 700 °C , BET and meso-pore specific surface areas were increased above 800 °C indicating that the NH3 etched and gasified carbons to produce CH4. AC was also out-gassed in He flow at 1000 °C to remove surface acidic oxygen for the comparison with the NH3 treatment. Successfully applying the Langmuir adsorption isotherms to the experimental results, the adsorption capacity of copper(II) ions onto the NH3 treated AC at 700 °C (7AG) was greater than the outgassed carbon (OG). The amount of copper(II) ions desorption from 7AG was smaller than that from OG. In contrast, adsorption amount of proton on 7AG was smaller than that of OG from the pH alternation, suggesting that π-electrons on the graphene layers might be withdrawn by nitrogen introduced, then π-electrons density would be decreased. Some amount of copper(II) ions adsorption onto 7AG could be observed even if the pH was less than 3, whereas it was hardly taken place for OG. Based on the experimental results, the introduced nitrogen atoms are estimated to become new strong adsorption sites for the copper(II) ions adsorption, probably transferring loan pair electrons of nitrogen on the graphite sheets to the copper(II) ions.
  • 大野 正之, 武田 智恵, 細見 正明
    2008 年 18 巻 4 号 p. 541-546
    発行日: 2008年
    公開日: 2009/06/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    Three mono-chlorobiphenyls (2-chlorobiphenyl, 3-chlorobiphenyl and 4-chlorobiphenyl) were dechlorinated by the reaction with potassium tert-butoxde (t-BuOK). Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) techniques were used for identification and quantitative analysis of all reactants and products. The three mono-chlorobiphenyls were compared in terms of the reactivity of their ortho, meta and para chlorine atoms. The dechlorination of 2-chlorobiphenyl was slower than that of 3- or 4-chlorobiphenyl. The low degradation rate of 2-chlorobiphenyl is probably due to the steric hindrance of the ortho chlorine situated between the benzene rings. Biphenyl, t-butoxy-biphenyl, methyl-biphenyl and hydroxy-biphenyl were the products in the reaction. 2-Chlorobiphenyl, 3-chlorobiphenyl and 4-chlorobiphenyl were converted into either of 2- or 3-, 2- or 3- or 4-, and 3- or 4-substituted-biphenyl, respectively. The substitutive groups, OH, CH3, H and t-BuO, combined to either of the carbon which released a chlorine atom or the adjacent carbon. This shows the dechlorination reaction of mono-chlorobiphenyl with t-BuOK occurred via benzyne intermediate.
研究ノート
  • 竹ノ内 敏一, 早瀬 祥平, 大脇 卓敏
    2008 年 18 巻 4 号 p. 547-551
    発行日: 2008年
    公開日: 2009/06/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    The decomposition of DDVP, organophosphorous pesticide, mixed with acidic or alkaline electrolyzed water produced by the electrolysis of a 100 mM sodium chloride solution was investigated. As a result, it was found that 99.4∼99.5 % of DDVP decomposed and disappeared, a half of DDVP mineralized to CO2 only mixing with acidic electrolyzed water. In case of alkaline electrolyzed water, it was found that 100 % of DDVP decomposed and disappeared but did not mineralize to CO2. It is suggested that electrolyzed water is one of useful technique as means of the organophosphorous pesticide decomposition in the environmental field.
  • 山下 正純, 本田 克久
    2008 年 18 巻 4 号 p. 553-558
    発行日: 2008年
    公開日: 2009/06/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this study, we examined the utilization of regenerated amorphous iron oxide for adsorbent of arsenic in underground water in order to develop the low-priced- and simplifiedarsenic treatment method. It was found the this iron oxide could remove arsenic in low concentration regardless of its valence state for a long time, and also with high selectivity under coexistence of anions. These results indicate that iron oxide is available for the treatment of arsenic in various water, in particular, in the Southeast Asia that requests a small and maintenance-free equipment.
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