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Volume 103, Issue 6
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Jun YAMASHITA1994 Volume 103 Issue 6 Pages 603-622
Published: December 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present study, we search optimal locations of two kinds of facilities for physical and mental senile persons : day service centres and short stay homes. The day service centres, which provide various services for senile people in the daytime, are desiable to be located in the neighbourhood so that caretakers easily transport the senile persons to the day service centres. The short slay homes give senile persons advanced care during a short period. Unlike the day service centres, the short stay homes are less likely to be situated in the vicinity of senile persons because the senile persons do not need to commute between the short stay homes and their residence. On account of differences in the distance-elasticity of demands for day service centres and short stay homes, hierarchical generalized p-median model is suited for searching optimal locations of these facilities. In the generalized p-problem, optimal locations are identified through minimizing the total travel costs measured by elderly population and time distances in a network in Matsumoto. Both high percentage of elderly people in the total population and high rate of car owners in the total households are the reasons that Matsumoto was selected as the study area. The hierarchical generalized p-median problem is solved along two scenarios. In Scenario 1, optimal locations of five short stay homes are found amongst those of 14 day service centres. Scenario 2 is called backup system where locations of five short stay homes are selected amongst places excluding locations of 14 day service centres. Optimal locations of the day service centres derived from Scenarios 1 and 2 are regularly distributed, while those of the short stay homes are randomly distributed. Those optimal locations differ from locations of existing day service centres and short stay homes. We find shortage of those facilities in the central part of Matsumoto. The remote locations of the existing day centres and short stay home compel senile people to travel long. High land price and an image of the facilities for senile persons as a noxious facilities are considered as a reason why both day service centres and short stay homes are located in the fringe of Matsumoto.View full abstractDownload PDF (2966K) -
Shinji TSUKAWAKI, Masafumi OKAWARA, Kim-Leang LAO, Motohiko TADA1994 Volume 103 Issue 6 Pages 623-636
Published: December 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLake Tonle Sap, the largest lake in the Indochina Peninsula, lies in central Cambodia. Unique sedimentation is expected in the lake due to drastic changes in its water area between the rainy and dry seasons. As the first step to examine the sedimentary processes of the lake, bottom sediments of the lake and the Tonle Sap River, and surface soils of alluvial deposits were collected and examined in order to reveal the origin of the lake bottom sediments.
As the results it becomes clear that clay minerals in the bottom sediments of the northern part of Lake Tonle Sap are derived both from surface soils on the alluvial deposits around the lake, and metamorphic and granitic rock bodies lying in the Mekong River basin. The latter is transported, as suspended sediments by backward current in the rainy season, into the lake from the Tonle Sap River.
The presence of marine creatures in bottom sediments of the lake suggests that the lake was closely connected with the sea during the last sea-level high stand. Furthermore, there is a strong possibili ty that annual changes due to alternating rainy and dry seasons will be recorded in the lake bottom sediments over the long geological period.View full abstractDownload PDF (3584K) -
Shiro SASAKI1994 Volume 103 Issue 6 Pages 637-652
Published: December 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe floor structure in Korean folk housing can be classified into three types such as the ondol floor, the dirt floor, and the wooden floor. Among them, the ondol, which is the traditional floor heating system in Korea, becomes a common element to be used in the bedroom. On the other hand, the wooden floor is not necessarily an indispensable element, although it is given an important position in the middle or the large size house. This wooden floor has been i hought to have been developed as the living space for summer life especially in the southern part, and to have been originated from the raised floor construction, or the pile dwellingso-call ed, in the southern culture. In fact, however, we can observe some different tendency there. Major points of the regional characteristics of wooden floor rooms in Korean houses are summarized as follows :
South of the central part of the Korean Peninsula, the wooden floor part occupies actually a considerable area in the whole floor of the house. It is rather in the central part, however, that the wooden floor room is used as an open living space for summer life. On the contrary, one can often observe it to be used only as a closed storeroom for grain and a sacred space for household deity in the southern part where it gets hotter and more humid in summer.
In Cheju island, located south of the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula, the wooden floor room becomes a living space as well as in the central part. The name of the wooden floor room and its use for ritual ceremony in Cheju houses, however, differ obviously from those in the central part. Moreover, the floor height of wooden floor room is considerably lower in Cheju Island than in the main land. Therefore, it seems difficult to identify the wooden floor rooms in all part of Korea uniformly with the original raised floor construction in the southern culture.
In Cheju Island, where the ondol system was introduced much later than the main land, the wooden floor room may have been established as a partial conversion of the original dirt floor dwelling but not as a traditional way of the pile dwelling in the southern culture. On the other hand, the raised wooden floor room in the main land may be supposed to be developed in the floor plan through the rising process of the floor accompanied by the introduction of the ondol system which has underfloor flues through which the hot smoke flows.View full abstractDownload PDF (3641K) -
Kazutaka AMANO1994 Volume 103 Issue 6 Pages 653-673
Published: December 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPliocene molluscacn fauna and its paleoenvironmental setting of Matsunoyama-machi, Niigata Prefecture, are important for considering succession from Miocene to Plio-Pleistocene shallow sea faunas in Japan Sea borderland as well as considering paleoenvironmental change in the northern Fossa Magna Region.
Pliocene deposits in the southeastern flank of Matsunoyama Anticline consist of the Kurokura, Higashigawa, Ikenosawagawa, Arikurayama formations from lower to upper. In the northwestern flank, the Higashigawa formation is conformably covered with the Naradate. Every formations is in conform able relation involving partial development of a contemporaneous heterotopic facies relation.
Many cold-water species are included among Pliocene molluscan fauna in this area. Only a few horizons yielding warm-water species are recognized in the Higashigawa and the Ikenosawagawa formations.
Seven associations are discriminated in the molluscan faunas of this area. Based on the faunal analyses, it has become clear that this area was in an upper bathyal zone in the Early Pliocene, and the sea became shallower subsequently. In the middle Pliocene, the area in the southeastern flank of Matsunoyama Anticline was in an embayment-tidal zone, whereas that in the northwestern one was in an upper sublittoral zone.View full abstractDownload PDF (8763K) -
Hiroyuki WAKABAYASHI, Fumihiko NISHIO, Masaaki AOTA, Shuhei TAKAHASHI1994 Volume 103 Issue 6 Pages 674-683
Published: December 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom the overall analyses of the data from Synthetic Aperture Radars (SARs) on Japanese Earth Resource Satellite-1 (JERS-1/JSAR) and ESA Remote sensing Satellite-1 (ERS-1/AMI), the data from the high resolution optical sensor on French earth observation satellite (SPOT), and the truth data acquired on the ground, the interesting results about the ice cover on Lake Saroma and the sea ice in the Sea of Okhotsk were obtained as follows :
(1) Backscatter ranges for the ice cover on Lake Saroma were -10.2 to -5.0 dB for AMI and -17.7 to -13.6dB for JSAR at the sampling sites. The ice on Lake Saroma was classified byusing HRV data and the visual observation from the boat, then the backscatter intensity for each ice type was confirmed.
(2) A method for making a mosaic image using SAR data was developed and demonstrated. Comparing JSAR and AMI mosaic images at the same area, it was found that JSAR can clearly discriminate the sea ice and the open water, while AMI cannot distinguish them. The reason of this difference is supposed to be difference of frequency and incidence angle.
(3) When the ice becomes thicker, the backscattering intensity decreases in AMI data. It is estimated that the backscatter changes corresponding to the dielectric constant for ice, which is related to the ice surface temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (1424K) -
Takashi ITO, Yujiro OGAWA1994 Volume 103 Issue 6 Pages 684-695
Published: December 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe chemistry of ferromanganese oxides coating pumice gravels and muddy sediment cores taken by the Research Dive 134 of the submersible “Shinkai 6500” from the oceanward slope of the Japan Trench off Miyako, Iwate Prefecture, are described. The ferromanganese coatings are quite thin and are poor in heavy metal elements including Fe and Mn, compared with previously reported ferromanganese nodules and crusts, from the seamounts and ridges in the Japan and Ogasawara Trenches. In the Fe-Mn- (Cu+Ni+Zn) × 10 ternary plot, the published ferromanganese nodules and crusts fall on a typical hydrogenous region, but the ferromanganese coatings in this study lie between hydrogenous and oxic diagenesis regions. This suggests that the former were formed by direct precipitation of colloidal metal oxides from seawater, while the latter grew by elemental supply both from pore waters in the underlying sediments and by the direct precipitation of colloidal particles. The differences of the accretionary process in the ferromanganese oxides from some of the trench areas, are caused by local environmental variations, related to the topography and sedimentary conditions including bottom currents.View full abstractDownload PDF (11513K) -
Akio YOSHIDA, Hiroyuki TAKAYAMA1994 Volume 103 Issue 6 Pages 696-705
Published: December 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe show that seismic activity decreased clearly in a wide area before the 1953 Boso-oki earthquake and the 1972 Hechijojima-toho-oki earthquake. In both cases the seismic quiescence extended to the Tokyo Metropolitan area. Marking precursory activity appeared several years before the Boso-oki earthquake in the Chiba prefecture and in the sea region off-Ibaraki prefecture. It is also noted that the seismicity in the Kanto region as well as in the sea region south off-Boso Peninsula decreased conspicuously after the Boso-oki earthquake. On the contrary an increase of the seismicity was observed after the Hachijojima-toho-oki earthquake, although deep seismic activities decreased remarkably. We show that seismic quiescences preceding the Boso-oki earthquake and the Hachijojima-toho-oki earthquake were detectable before their occurrences, and no other statistically significant quiescence has appeared in the south off-Kanto region since 1926. It is proposed that the occurrence of a large earthquake may be predicted by monitoring changes of the seismicity in a wide area.View full abstractDownload PDF (1350K) -
Yujiro OGAWA1994 Volume 103 Issue 6 Pages 706-718
Published: December 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe cracks on the sea bottom in the middle of the oceanward slope of the northern Japan Trench off Miyako, Iwate Prefecture, in the depth of 6, 280-6, 210 m, were revisited during Research Dive 134 of “Shinkai 6500”, in July 1992. Mapping and observation including previous dives, 65, 66, 67 and 130 revealed the distribution, features and characteristics of the cracks.
The cracks developed at the flank just above the steep cliffs, paralleling the main N-S trending trough of a horst-and-graben structure in the descending Pacific plate. The cracks have several meters depth and height, and are more or less straight, and continue for several tens of metres to several hundreds of metres. The predominant directions are either N-S or N20°E. Cracks are open, and not dislocated but stretched horizontally. Often they are branched into a Y-shape before merging again. Some are arranged in an en echelon fashion. A pressure ridge which was formed by compression of the previously open crack was found.
Sediments in and around the cracks are soft, poorly indurated siliceous biogenic clay or claystone, and contain considerable amount of volcanic ash. Pebbles with manganese coating are abundant particularly in and around the cracks, suggesting the presence of oxidized bottom currents. The bottom current eroded the superficial part of the sediments exposing fracture cleaved mud below. Sediments that are rich in clay minerals indicate cohesion. However, if the slope suffers induced differential stress, the sediments may open up horizontally forming cracks or extensional fracture cleavages.
This differential stress may be attributed to horizontal shaking during an earthquake, associated with the normal faulting of a horst-and-graben structure. Such an earthquake occurred underneath the study area on March 3, 1933, Magnitude 8.4.View full abstractDownload PDF (10973K) -
[in Japanese]1994 Volume 103 Issue 6 Pages 719
Published: December 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (186K) -
1994 Volume 103 Issue 6 Pages 719a
Published: December 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (182K) -
[in Japanese]1994 Volume 103 Issue 6 Pages 722-723
Published: December 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
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[in Japanese]1994 Volume 103 Issue 6 Pages Plate1-Plate2
Published: December 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
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Shinji TSUKAWAKI, Kim-Leang LAO1994 Volume 103 Issue 6 Pages Plate3-Plate4
Published: December 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
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Shiro SASAKI1994 Volume 103 Issue 6 Pages Plate5
Published: December 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
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Hiroyuki WAKABAYASHI, Fumihiko NISHIO, Masaaki AOTA, Shuhei TAKAHASHI1994 Volume 103 Issue 6 Pages Plate6-Plate8
Published: December 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (13735K)
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