Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi)

Morphology and Sediments of Large River Deltas

Kazuaki HORI, Yoshiki SAITO

2003 Volume 112 Issue 3 Pages 337-359
Published: June 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.112.3_337

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Large rivers with high sediment discharge, such as the Amazon, Ganges-Brahmaputra, and Huanghe (Yellow) rivers, have formed mega-deltas at their mouths. This paper reviews morphology and sediments of mega-deltas and their Holocene evolution in relation to sea-level changes, channel avulsion, and past-sediment discharge. Application of various radiometric dating techniques to delta deposits, especially since the 1980's has made it possible to clarify delta evolution dynamically on 10-to 1000-year time scales. Most of the deltas are located in developing countries, and have environmental problems principally caused by human activities. For the evaluation of current status and human activities in deltas and drainage basins, both natural and anthropogenic changes of deltas should be analyzed from the viewpoints of geology, sedimentology, and their evolution.

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Alteration of Rokko Granites

Mineralogical and Magnetic Susceptibility Changes

Minoru UTADA

2003 Volume 112 Issue 3 Pages 360-371
Published: June 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.112.3_360

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The Rokko Mountains are mainly composed of three rock units : Nunobiki granodiorite, Rokko granite, and Dobashi quartz diorite. Alteration of these rocks is examined by XRD analysis and magnetic susceptibility meter. All granite rocks are divided into four categories of alteration : unaltered (A), unaltered (B), weathered, and hydrothermally altered. Unaltered (A) rocks do not contain any secondary minerals and indicate high magnetic susceptibilities (MS), which are probably near the original ones (n × 10^-3 SI unit). Unaltered (B) rocks also do not contain secondary minerals, but their MS is clearly low. These rocks are typically distributed in crushed zones along the main faults that enclose and cut the Rokko Mountains. Weathered rocks are defined by the presence of kaolin. Their MS are very low (n × 10^-5 SI unit). Highly weathered rocks are preserved at the northern part of the backbone of mountains, while they are heavily eroded at the southern part. Six groups of hydrothermally altered rock are defined by the presence of characteristic minerals such as mordenite, calcium zeolites, sericite, chlorite-smectite series, kaolinite, and calcite. Hydrothermally altered rocks indicate comparatively low MS (n × 10-4-10-5 SI unit). Most hydrothermal alteration occurred along or parallel to main faults, especially Shabayama, Yusodani, and Arima faults at northern part and Nunobiki and Suwayama faults at southern part.

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Geographical View on the Regional Context of Causes of Death Documented in Church Registers

An Analysis of Three Villages in the Province of South Tyrol in the Alps during the Modernization Era

Masahiro KAGAMI

2003 Volume 112 Issue 3 Pages 372-393
Published: June 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.112.3_372

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The significance of health condition, disease, and causes of death as social indicators has been pointed out in the social sciences. Here, this is discussed in terms of the modernization era of Europe, in which relations between health condition of inhabitants and social development became evident. From a geographical viewpoint regional variations of diseases have been investigated to describe the regional context.
The author analyzes disease as a cause of death covering the period from the second half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century in Europe, using data on cause of death as documented in church registers of three villages in the province of South Tyrol, northern Italy : Salurn, Kastelruth, and Unserfrau in Schnals. For this purpose causes of death are classified into 8 categories by affected organ and 16 categories by disease within two periods : the first from 1870 to 1880 and the second from 1900 to 1910. Patterns of causes of death and their changes are compared among the villages.
Within these periods, as a whole, the transition pattern of cause of death showed a change from inflammatory diseases such as gastroenteritis to tuberculosis to chronic diseases such as cancer and cerebrovascular diseases. This process has been observed particularly in villages where regional changes such as urbanization and modernization took place earlier. On the other hand, processes of change in each village were diverse. In villages innovated through urbanization and tourism, such as Salurn and Kastelruth, the trend of causes of death occurred earlier, while in geographically isolated villages such as Unserfrau in Schnals, a slower change in the causes of death is observed.
Such a relation between disease as cause of death and regional changes can be explained by the theory of “sequent occupance, ” advocated by the American geographer D.S. Whittlesey, for the purpose of explaining land use in northern New England. According to this theory, changes of regional land use reflect the various stages of regional change : land use depends greatly on specific regional elements. A particular disease as cause of death, predominating in a given region, results from the interaction of regional elements. The trend of disease in a region is shown to follow regional changes.

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Holocene Marine Terraces along the West Coast of the Asahi Mountains, Northern Japan, and their Tectonic Implications

Kumiko IKURA, Yoko OTA

2003 Volume 112 Issue 3 Pages 394-405
Published: June 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.112.3_394

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Well-defined Holocene marine terraces are present continuously along the west coast of the Asahi Mountains. This area faces the Sea of Japan and is located east of the epicenter of the 1964 Niigata earthquake, which caused an uplift with considerable westward tilting of Awashima Island, located west of the epicenter. In contrast, the study area subsided at the time of the destructive 1964 earthquake, although the presence of Holocene and stage 5e or other marine terraces record the long-term uplift during the late Quaternary of this area (Ota, 1971). This paper describes the nature and the age of Holocene terraces, which had not been studied in detail, and discusses the uplift pattern and its tectonic significance.
The Holocene marine terrace here is usually wave-cut platform with few beach deposits. At large river mouths, however, there are relatively wide and flat valley bottom plains, burying drowned valleys, and separated by sand dunes from the present beach. Radiocarbon age from the bottom of terrestrial deposits on marine deposits is 6.4 ka or slightly younger, and indicates that the emergence of Holocene terrace took place ca. 6 ka. The former shoreline height of the Holocene terrace ranges from 8 m to 4 m. Thus, the maximum uplift rate reaches 1.3 m/ka, which is larger than the uplift rate deduced from the Ml (stage 5e) terrace. The Holocene terrace is subdivided into two on the southern part of the Budo Mountains, where the uplift rate of Ml terrace is the maximum. The late Quaternary uplift of this area, deduced from marine terraces, is discordant with coseismic subsidence caused by the 1964 Niigata earthquake. This means that the uplift of this study area is not caused by seismogenetic fault for the 1964 earthquake. We cannot find the specific onshore active fault within or at both sides of the Budo Mountains and the Maya Mountains that was responsible for the coastal uplift. To interpret such a long-term uplift of the coastal area, we need to assume that offshore reverse active fault dipping eastward is repeatedly activated. Establishing the exact location, nature, and length of offshore faults is important to interpret the coastal uplift of this area.

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Tectonostratigraphic Division and Regional Correlation of the Sedimentary Complex of the North Kitakami Belt

Shigeru OTOH, Migiwa SASAKI

2003 Volume 112 Issue 3 Pages 406-410
Published: June 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.112.3_406

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Comparisons between the Leaf Area Indices Estimated by a Fish-eye Lens and Those Observed by the Plant Canopy Analyzer (LAI-2000)

Hiroshi MATSUYAMA, Yasushi FUJIWARA, Yuichi SHIMAMURA, Takeki IZUMI, D ...

2003 Volume 112 Issue 3 Pages 411-415
Published: June 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.112.3_411

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A Comparative Observation of Geomorphological Features and Geological Structure by Gravitational Deformation in Mountain of Sedimentary Rock and Granite

Kuniyasu MOKUDAI

2003 Volume 112 Issue 3 Pages 416-418
Published: June 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.112.3_416

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Heat and Water Circulations between Atmosphere and Land-surface Affecting Climate Environments in High Mountain Area of Central Japan

Yoshihiro IIJIMA, Masato SHINODA

2003 Volume 112 Issue 3 Pages 419-422
Published: June 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.112.3_419

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Geological and Geomorphological Environmental Studies on the Cause of an Appearance of Basin-wide Arsenic Toxicosis in the Hetao Plain, Inner Mongolia, China

Takeo TAKANO, Tuyoshi FUZITA, Tadashi HASEGASWA, Cunrong GAO, Hisao TA ...

2003 Volume 112 Issue 3 Pages 423-428
Published: June 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.112.3_423

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Toward the Establishment of Stable Carbon Isotope Stratigraphy in the Cretaceous

Correlation between the Marine and Non-marine Beds

Hiromichi HIRANO

2003 Volume 112 Issue 3 Pages 429-430
Published: June 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.112.3_429

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Seasonal Variation of Hydroclimatic Conditions in Chichijima Island, the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, as Related to the Establishment of Subtropical Dry Scrub

Keiichiro YOSHIDA, Yoshihiro IIJIMA, Hirokazu IWASHITA, Shuichi OKA

2003 Volume 112 Issue 3 Pages 431-436
Published: June 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.112.3_431

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The 9^th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry

Toshio NAKAMURA

2003 Volume 112 Issue 3 Pages 437-441
Published: June 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.112.3_437

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The 6th SEGJ International Symposium

Satoru OHYA, Toshihiro UCHIDA

2003 Volume 112 Issue 3 Pages 442-444
Published: June 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.112.3_442

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

2003 Volume 112 Issue 3 Pages 445-449
Published: June 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.112.3_445

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Takeaki ENOMONO and the Renaaissance of the Warship Kaiyo-maru

Osamu NISHIKAWA

2003 Volume 112 Issue 3 Pages 450-452
Published: June 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.112.3_450

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Two Topics of Takeaki ENOMOTO : The Making of Ryusei Swords from Shooting Star and the Report of the Ryuseito and Transcontinental Trip Across Siberia and the “Diary of Siberia”

Takamitsu ENOMOTO

2003 Volume 112 Issue 3 Pages 453-457
Published: June 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.112.3_453

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The Reneissance of the Kaiyo-maru, The Last Warship of the Tokugawa Shogunate

Fujio ISHIBASHI

2003 Volume 112 Issue 3 Pages 458-461
Published: June 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.112.3_458

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The Breakthrough of the Long and Large Diameter Shield-driven Tunnel under High Water Pressure in Constructing of the Trans-Tokyo Bay Highway and the Metropolitan Area Outer Discharge Channel

Ryoji KAWABATA

2003 Volume 112 Issue 3 Pages 462-466
Published: June 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.112.3_462

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Silurian Reef Limestone of Gotland, Sweden

Motomaro SHIRAO

2003 Volume 112 Issue 3 Pages Plate1-Plate2
Published: June 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.112.3_Plate1

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