Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi)
Online ISSN : 1884-0884
Print ISSN : 0022-135X
ISSN-L : 0022-135X
Volume 76, Issue 1
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
  • Mutsumi HOYANAGI
    1967 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 1-21
    Published: February 25, 1967
    Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A) Tadataka INO (1745-1818) was a remarkable man who established a landmark in the history of cartography of Japan based on his indefatigable survey of the whole of Japan, carried out from 1800 to 1816. His work was so memorable and the Tokyo Geographical Society erected a bronze memorial monument in the Shiba Park, Tokyo, in 1889, but it was removed and lost during the World War II. However, the Society did succeed in the reestablishment of it in the same site with a beautifully designed stone monument in 1965.
    The account of his life and work was so remarkable that nearly twenty kinds of biographies and biographical stories of Tadataka Ino have been published since the Meiji era. Most of them placed the emphasis upon his indefatigable character, his laborious travel of survey throughout Japan (Fig. 4), and his successful achievement which means, the account of the life of Tadataka Ino has been didactically told in Japan, particularly in the elementary education before the war. Among them, however, “Tadataka Ino, the Japanese land-surveyor”, written by Prof. Ryokichi Otani (1917) is most substantial and authoritative, and some parts of which were revised or shortened, translated into English, and published in 1932.
    Prof. Otani scientifically analysed the Ino's survey and his manuscript maps and revealed their essential facts and the degree of accuracy of the maps. The book was reviewed by George Sarton in 1936 (Isis, XXXI, I, 196-200), and the account was briefly summarized in the article of Norman Pye and W. G. Beasley in 1951 (Geogr. Jour. CXVII, 178-187).
    Ino's remarkable achievement was appreciated in Europe earlier than in Japan. For instance, a map of Nippon compiled from Ino's map was published in Europe by von Siebold in 1840, with the result of demonstrating the Japanese progress in surveying and map-making. A somewhat similar kind of story which exemplified the accuracy of Ino's map was told in the article of Pye and Beasley, concerning manuscript copies of Ino's maps carefully kept in the National Maritime Museum at Greenwich. While in Japan, the Tokugawa Shogunate Government tucked the Ino's original manuscript maps (more than two hundred sheets of large-scale, middle-scale, small scale and others) in the Library, without using them effectively and closed to the public.
    B) Since the Meiji Restoration Ino's maps have served greatly to meet the urgent needs of modern maps, charts and statistical figures of the Japanese Islands. For instance, Military Land Survey Department produced hastily the maps of 1 : 200, 000 based on Ino's maps (Fig. 6), and some of the sheets served to the public up to 1920's before the modern maps replaced them out. Geographical Bureau of the Home Affairs provided statistical figures of the size of Japanese islands and prefectures and some of the figures maintained their existence up to 1921. Naval Hydrographic Department produced many charts based on the well drawn coastline of Ino's maps (Fig. 5), which have helped the development of coast navigation in Japan.
    In this way, Japan has owed the rapid progress in social and cultural development since the Meiji Restoration unconsciously and basically to Ino's maps ; in other words, without Ino's maps Japan would have met with various kinds of grave obstacles in the process of modernization. Many of the original manuscript of Ino's maps were lost by the fire in 1873 and the Kanto earthquake in 1923, but carefully copied maps, which provided the basis for practical use, are kept in the Library of the Geographical Survey Institute and others.
    The year 1967 falls on the 100th year since the Meiji Restoration and gives us a good opportunity to remember and to re-appreciate the remarkable achievement of, and the scientific geographical heritage from Tadataka Ino.
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  • Riuji ENDO
    1967 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 22-28
    Published: February 25, 1967
    Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Research work on the calcareous algal remains had been started by K. NISHIWADA in 1895 when he reported the presence of Lithothamnium nishiwadai ISHIJIMA in the Miocene Megamiyama limestone exposed on the slope of Megamiyama, Shizuoka Prefecture. Since then, the progress of scientific researches in this field became rather noticeable in our country, as exemplified especially by the works of W. ISHIJIMA, H. YABE and K. KONISHI on the Cenozoic, Mesozoic and Paleozoic fossils.
    The present writer also has engaged in the researches of the Mesozoic and Paleozoic fossils of this kind for the past twenty years. Several other Japanese paleontologists also have endeavoured for these researches.
    Since the present paper describes in rather detail the distribution of the algal remains and the recent progress in this field, the reader may be able to get a general idea of the up-to-date advancement in Japan.
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  • Yoshio OKUYAMA
    1967 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 29-46
    Published: February 25, 1967
    Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Au Japon du 16e au 17e siécle, il exista manufacture du système féodale dont des seigneurs firent ses serfs fabriquer des soieries. Alors, dans ce régime, des plus supérieurs seigneurs gerait des moins supérieurs seigneurs.
    Par exemple, en percevant des soieries en guise de redevance (loyautè, taxe, impôt foncier), le gouverneur (le plus supérieurs) du domaine de Gun'nai dirigeait des seigneurs (manufacturiers) et leur faisait produiser des articles á son ordre. Et, il vendait sa march-andise à Édo (Tokio). Avec la commutation de redevance, il s'éloignait de cette production. Et des autres seigneurs, ils en etaient de même.
    Pour cela, des plus infériéurs seigneurs et des infériéurs traivailleurs qui avait éteé des serfs vennaient des producteurs independants de cette marchandise. Par exemple, à Kiryfû ils étaient des prototypes des producteurs capitaliste qui valent que leur appeler bourgeois. (Vraiment des manufactures, elles en étaient manuelles mûme, mais au bout du 19e siécle elles en vennaient mécaniques.)
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  • W. W. KELLOGG
    1967 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 47-53
    Published: February 25, 1967
    Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [in Japanese]
    1967 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 54-55
    Published: February 25, 1967
    Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (359K)
  • [in Japanese]
    1967 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 55-56
    Published: February 25, 1967
    Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (279K)
  • [in Japanese]
    1967 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 58
    Published: February 25, 1967
    Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [in Japanese]
    1967 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages Plate1-Plate2
    Published: February 25, 1967
    Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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