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Volume 79 (1970)
- Issue 6 Pages 301-
- Issue 5 Pages 243-
- Issue 4 Pages 195-
- Issue 3 Pages 115-
- Issue 2 Pages 58-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 79, Issue 2
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Kozo YUHARA1970 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 58-79
Published: April 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe can defined, from the geothermal point of view, that the hot spring is a spring heated by the subsurface heat sources. One of main heat sources in the ground is the explicit or implicit intrusive magma of high temperature and the other is a heat source corresponding to the terrestrial heat flow of non volcanic area. The former is the most normal one which follows a conception that the distribution of hot springs agrees with the zone of recent volcanic activity. On the other side, it needs to make the hot spring by the latter heat source, the special system in which the cold groundwater infiltrates into deep ground, beeing heated by normal ground temperature and ascending with less cooling up to the earth surface. But, generally, the infiltration of cold groundwater causes the cooling of the ground, so that, to keep continuously heating groundwater, there must be compensative heat flow from deeper ground in the area. This means that under the area of higher heat flow is expected very deeply intruded magma, or the area is corresponding to the ascending part of the convection current in the mantle. We believe, therefore, that the distribution of hot springs of the world has the great geothermal significances.
It has been well known that Japan, New Zealand, California and Alaska are abundant areas of hot springs, and are located in the circumpacific volcanic zone. Likewise, there are many hot springs along the mediterranean volcanic zone. Therefore, it has been generally considered that zone of hot springs coincides with the volcanic zone on the global scale. But we have not had yet any map of distribution of hot springs of the world.
In this paper we will show distribution of hot springs of the world based on more than five thousand hot springs data which we have got hitherto, and are summarized in Table 1. General tendency of the distribution compared with crustal structure of the earth, and the significance of the hot springs as a natural phenomena will be discussed from the standpoint of the earth science.
The distribution of hot springs of some main areas are shown in Figs. 1 to 13. The distribution of the world is shown in Fig. 14, and its schematic figure is in Fig. 15. From these figures, it appears that though there are many areas where the zones of the hot springs coincide with the volcanic zones, many hot springs are also in the non volcanic areas, where the hot spring zones are corresponding to the zones of the folded mountains. This is easily appreciated by comparing Fig. 14 with Fig. 16 showing tectonic structure of the world. These facts are also verified by Fig. 17 of European tectonic structure and Fig. 20 of American tectonic structure. There, hot springs are located in the recent orogenic zones.
Finally, we can come to reach a conclusion that the distribution of hot springs is reflected not only in volcanic activity of the earth surface but in the essential tectonic structure which governs the distribution of volcanoes or the geothermal pattern of the earth. Thus the distribution of hot springs has the most important meaning in the geothermy.
Numbers of geothermal area including boiling springs, fumaroles and solfataric fields are about 330 in all the world, and their distribution is shown in Fig. 21 which is very similar to the distribution of the volcanoes.View full abstractDownload PDF (2505K) -
Wataru ICHIKAWA1970 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 80-87
Published: April 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe silicoflagellates and ebridians, minute silica-secreting planktonic flagellates, have been known both in the fossil state and from the present seas for more than one century. For many years engaged in the study of fossil diatom deposits, I have been able to collect specimens of silicoflagellates and ebridians found in association and mount them on slide glasses for microscopic examination.
Since the siliceous tests of these fossils, though minute, are preserved quite safely, and since they are found over wide areas especially in the Tertiary and later formations, they seem to be highly estimated as being valuable stratigraphical indices.
Little has been known of them in our country, however. The present paper aims at elucidating important features, stratigraphical as well as paleontological, of these minute fossils.
The silicoflagellates and ebridians date back as fossil to the Upper Cretaceous. Together with diatoms, radiolarians, pollens and spores, they are excellent indicators of fossil marine deposits. A few of them are found living near the surface of the sea, and play a part of an excellent indicator of the water-mass of the Recent sea. Our Research Group has been examined silicoflagellate and ebridian remains in many cores taken by “Seifu-Maru” from the Sea of Japan 1966 to 1967. Each sample were taken from within the upper one centimeter of core.
The number of silicoflagellates increases along the Tsushima Warm Current and the other cold one which flows down from northern seas. The state of silicoflagellate distribution in these two recent currents was also recognized in the cases of core locations at the bottom of the Sea of Japan. If the geographical relationship between the core locations and two currents in the Sea of Japan were nearly the same in Past time as it is now, the ratio method (Dictyocha /Distephanus) is naturally applicable to the above cases. Fig. 3 shows the relationship between the ratio of Dictyocha/Distephanus and latitude of core locations.
Fossil silicoflagellates and ebridians found from the diatmites and diatomaceous mudstones of Note Peninsula, Central Japan, are highly estimated as being valuable indices of the Neogene Tertiary, viz. Middle Miocene and later.
G. Dallas Hanna pointed out that these organisms are paleontologist's almost ideal marker-fossils. The Tertiary formations taken into consideration in this paper would turn out to be very useful as a key in the stratigraphical research in Japan, if the details of the facies characteristics of the rock and of the faunal assemblages of the contained silicoflagellates could be more closely investigated.View full abstractDownload PDF (1062K) -
George O. ARGALL1970 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 88-91
Published: April 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
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[in Japanese]1970 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 92-109
Published: April 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
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[in Japanese]1970 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 110-111
Published: April 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
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[in Japanese]1970 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 111-112
Published: April 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
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1970 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 113
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
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[in Japanese]1970 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages Plate1-Plate2
Published: April 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
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