Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi)
Online ISSN : 1884-0884
Print ISSN : 0022-135X
ISSN-L : 0022-135X
Volume 90, Issue 4
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
  • Katsuhiko SAKAKURA
    1981 Volume 90 Issue 4 Pages 225-234
    Published: August 25, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Since the end of the second world war, coal and petroleum geologists in Japan have worked in different ways. To rehabilitate devastated japanese economy, prime importance was given to the increase of coal production which necessitated opening of new mines and development of new areas, until then remained undeveloped mostly because of unfavorable geological condition, therefore, this activated coal geology including coal petrology, and, geologist was required to submit more detailed and pragmatic geological informations to mining engineer, which rendered him to be inclined to mining geology than pure or academic geology.
    On the other hand, petroleum geologist, confined in small oil fields in Japan for nearly 20 years, was obliged to learn in literature new conceptions advanced abroad after war years, such as sedimentary basin, sedimentology, subsurface geology, etc. Consequently, his interest inevidently parted from detailed geology and tended to pure geology, resulting the loss of conversation between coal and petroleum geologies. However with increased concern on appraisal of maturity of resource rock, geochemist found out in early 1970s the existence of parallelism between maturity of kerogene and coalification, and that reflectance of vitrinite, of which studies were advanced by coal petrologist especially in last twenty years, is a good indicator for determination of maturity.
    This new geological (optical) method will allow petroleum geologist to have say not only on maturity, but also on maximum depth of subsidence, tectogenesis and geothermal history, if it is carried out pertinently.
    The author emphasizes the necessity of full partipation of experienced coal petrologist with sufficient knowledge on macerals and coalification, (in petroleum exploration, ) because vitrinite in sedimentary rock is poor in volume and sometimes not easy to pick out true vitrinite from other resembling organic materials.
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  • Kazuo HUZIOKA, Takashi KOGA
    1981 Volume 90 Issue 4 Pages 235-246
    Published: August 25, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    As shown in Fig. 1, the Middle Miocene Daijima-type floras are sporadically distributed in southwestern border of Northeast Honshu, Japan. Among them, the Kamigo flora of Tsuruoka, the Ikazuchi flora of Ikazuchi, the Okiniwa and the Oguni floras of Oguni were studied by the present authors. As listed in Table 3, 191 species which fall in 55 families and 123 genera were recognised from these four floras. It is suggested that these fossil plants were deribed to the sedimentary basins from the successive three forests such as the oak-laurel forest of lowland, the Comptonia-Liquidambar forest on adjacent slopes, and the temperate forest on surrounding mountains. The general physical condition under which these floras existed are supposed to be humid and warm to temperate climate in a region affected by a warm sea, as seen in the modern forests of Pacific coastal regions in southwestern Japan.
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  • Hiroshi SASAKI
    1981 Volume 90 Issue 4 Pages 247-261
    Published: August 25, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This report deals with the changes of the rural area in the suburb of a German metropolitan region, in reference to the case of the Wolperath farmland consolitation area in the Köln-Bonn metropolitan region. The changes of the rural area are analyzed through social structure, agricultural structure and landscape formed by farmland consolidation.
    Farmland consolidation (Flurbereinigung) means the land consolidation of scattered small farm lots into larger farm lots, sometimes by means of Aussiedlung (resettlement of a farmstead out of a dense nucleated village to the heart of a farming area) (Fig. 3). Wolperath lies in the southern part of the rural district Neunkirchen-Seelscheid, Rhein-Sieg Kreis, Regierungsbezirk Köln, Land Nordrhein-Westfalen. Wolperath is located 20 km NE of Bonn, and 28 km ESE of Köln and on the upland of the Bergische Hochfläche with an average altitude of 180 m. Fifty-eight percent (58 %) of the district consists of agricultural land and 25% of forest.
    The number of people resided in the district has been increasing since 1956, especially from 1968-1973 (Table 1). In contrast to population, the number of farms has been declining. The increase-rate of population in the district has shown the highest in comparison with the Kreis, Regierungsbezirk and Land (Fig. 1). The population pyramid reveals a ballanced pillar with two lobes reflecting younger age groups. The increase of population depends on social increases rather than on natural increases and the latter, in fact, shows minus. Most in-migrants came from the adjacent areas of Köln and Siegburg (Table 3), and out-migrants moved to the adjacent areas of Siegburg, Köln and Düsseldorf. A relatively large in-and out-migrantion flows may be observed in relation to foreign countries.
    Due to the urbanization in the suburb of the Köln-Bonn metropolitan region, the number of farms has decreased by 54% from 1949 to 1974. Fifty-six percent (56%) of the farms are dairy farms. Forty-six percent (46 %) of the farms are tenants of farm land which the owners have ceased to manage as agricultural enterprises (Table 4).
    The farmland consolidation office assigned Wolperath as a farmland consolidation area in 1964, based on the low of Flurbereinigung in 1953. This law was revised in 1976. Measures to improve the agricultural structure have been financed by both the Federal and Provincial governments since January 1, 1973, within the framework of a common project : “Improvement of the agricultural structure and coastal protection” (Table 5). Land consolidation was originally a means of improving the agricultural structure chiefly through the amalgamation of fragmented small holdings (Fig. 3), the construction of farm roads, and an expansion of the waterways, and has become of primary importance in the context of the recognization of rural areas. This includes measures to develop and modernize the village, to develop industrial and residential settlements and the planning of supra-local and supra-regional communication services. Moreover, land consolidation contributes to the maintenance and improvement of the recreational value of the rural areas. Even the rural area around big German cities, such as Wolperath, has been developed and controlled by the government authorities. In short, laissez-faire urban expansion into the rural area is rare in West Germany.
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  • Association for Palaeontological Research in Southeast Asia
    [in Japanese]
    1981 Volume 90 Issue 4 Pages 262-277
    Published: August 25, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Teiichi KOBAYASHI
    1981 Volume 90 Issue 4 Pages 278-282
    Published: August 25, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Teiichi KOBAYASHI, Isao IMAI, Hiroshi ISHIYAMA
    1981 Volume 90 Issue 4 Pages 283-284
    Published: August 25, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [in Japanese]
    1981 Volume 90 Issue 4 Pages 285
    Published: August 25, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [in Japanese]
    1981 Volume 90 Issue 4 Pages 285a-286
    Published: August 25, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • H. SATO
    1981 Volume 90 Issue 4 Pages Plate1-Plate2
    Published: August 25, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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