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38 巻, 7 号
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Wolfgang BAUMJOHANN1986 年 38 巻 7 号 p. 633-651
発行日: 1986年
公開日: 2010/09/14
ジャーナル フリーAfter reciting the present definition of a substorm as incorporating both the driven and the loading/unloading process, this review will be addressed to two topics where major advances were made during the last two years: the downtail loss of substorm energy via plasmoid release and observational and theoretical studies of the substorm onset triggering mechanism. It will be concluded by pointing out the need of further studies, both observational and theoretical, of the substorm recovery phase and the poleward leap phenomenon.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2977K) -
Y. KAMIDE, A. D. RICHMOND1986 年 38 巻 7 号 p. 653-714
発行日: 1986年
公開日: 2010/09/14
ジャーナル フリーThis paper highlights some of the studies carried out over the last two years (1983-85) in the field of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. Our understanding of the physical processes in the coupling system has increased in the following respects: 1. Global simulation models have started to attempt to include several crucial ionospheric and magnetospheric parameters self-consistently. 2. Understanding of the high-latitude electric field pattern has been significantly upgraded. Convection models for different interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientations have been developed. 3. While magnetospheric substorms continue to attract attention, studies have also been devoted to the state of the magnetosphere-ionosphere system for northward IMF. 4. Combined data sets and simulation models have been brought to bear on the problem of the westward traveling surge and the Harang discontinuity. 5. Considerable attempts have been made to determine scale lengths of the V-shaped potential structure. 6. Recent satellite observations have centered on the role of ionospheric ions and magnetospheric electrons that are accelerated through the potential structure. 7. We now understand that enhancements in auroral conductance facilitate the degree of penetration of the convection electric field into the inner magnetosphere. 8. Recent technical innovations include use of multiple radar techniques to sense the electrodynamic properties of the ionosphere coupled with the magnetosphere.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (5429K) -
Augmenting Declination Observations with Archeo- and Paleo-Magnetic DataD. GUBBINS1986 年 38 巻 7 号 p. 715-720
発行日: 1986年
公開日: 2010/09/14
ジャーナル フリーThe earliest measurements of the Earth's magnetic field were of declination. By 1600 these measurements were widespread, but widespread measurements of dip are available only after 1700, and of intensity only after 1832. Global models of the Earth's magnetic field for these very early times must therefore be augmented by indirect measurements of dip and intensity using paleomagnetic methods.
Suppose that the declination is known everywhere and a potential field B′ (=ΔΨ′) has been found that matches it. Then the ratio of the horizontal intensity of this field to the true value is found to be constant along the lines of constant Ψ′. Thus one measurement of horizontal intensity on each line is sufficient to determine the horizontal field, and hence the complete field, uniquely.
Contours of Ψ′ encircle the dip-poles, and so, for example, it would be sufficient to measure horizontal intensity along a single line joining the dip-poles to provide good global coverage.
The quantity of paleomagnetic information needed for the horizontal intensity is quite small. The Earth's field at present has only two dip-poles, and measurements at some 10 sites spaced approximately evenly in latitude, and approximately 50y apart in time, should be adequate.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (526K) -
Kan-ichi MOMOSE, Hiroyuki NAGAI1986 年 38 巻 7 号 p. 721-728
発行日: 1986年
公開日: 2010/09/14
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (467K)
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