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44 巻, 11 号
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K.-I. Oyama1992 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 985
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2011/08/11
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (62K) -
K.-I. OYAMA, M. D. YAMANAKA, H. KANZAWA, H. NAKANE1992 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 987-993
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2010/09/14
ジャーナル フリーThe international DYANA campaign occured between the 15th of January 1990 and the 15th of March, 1990. Japan joined the project and efforts were made so that as many ground observations as possible could be carried out in Japan. These were; ozone density measurements, by both National Institute for Environment Studies and Meteorological Research Institute, sodium layer measurements by Shinshu University, atmospheric turbulence, wind direction and speeds using MU radar by Kyoto University, ionosphere monitoring such as of fmin by Communication Research Laboratory from five ionosondes located in Japan, and finally rocket launchings carried out by two institutions, Japan Meteorological Agency and Institute of Space & Astronautical Science. Activities conducted by these institutions are briefly reviewed below.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (723K) -
Part I: Outline of Experiments and Background ConditionsY. MURAYAMA, K.-I. OYAMA, T. TSUDA, H. KANZAWA, F. J. SCHMIDLIN, M. BI ...1992 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 995-1007
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2010/09/14
ジャーナル フリーWe describe in this paper preliminary results on the characteristics of the wind velocity and temperature profiles obtained through rocketsonde measurements during the DYANA campaign. The wind velocity profiles in the height region of 20-90km, obtained with the rocketsondes, were compared with the results simultaneously observed with the MU (middle and upper atmosphere) radar at 60-100km. The profiles were consistent with each other up to 80km, when they were smoothed out for a height range of 8km. While for wind velocity fluctuations with vertical scales of a few km, the rocketsonde results showed significantly larger amplitudes than those obtained with the MU radar above 60km. Consideration of the vertical wavenumber spectra of the wind velocity fluctuations suggested that the maximum height range of the rocketsonde profile, by which the gravity wave characteristics can be delineated, seemed to be limited only up to about 60km. The background zonal winds were westward in the stratosphere, but they exhibited large time variations, coinciding with a minor stratospheric sudden warming. The temperature profiles also indicated great variability near the stratopause and in the mesosphere, probably due to the effect of the enhanced activity of planetary waves.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2034K) -
Part II: Characteristics of Gravity WavesT. TSUDA, Y. MURAYAMA, K.-I. OYAMA, F. J. SCHMIDLIN, M. BITTNER, H. KA ...1992 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 1009-1023
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2010/09/14
ジャーナル フリーWe describe in this paper the height variations of the gravity wave characteristics in the middle atmosphere, using the profiles of wind velocity and temperature collected at 20-90km altitude by means of a series of rocketsonde experiments and the MU (middle and upper atmosphere) radar during the DYANA campaign. The dominant vertical scales of the wind velocity fluctuations generally increased with altitude from 2-3km in the lower stratosphere to 10-15km in the mesosphere. The vertical wavenumber spectra of the wind velocity fluctuations, constructed in five altitude regions, showed height variations in the spectral shape, which was fairly consistent with the model spectrum based upon the saturation of gravity waves. The wind velocity variance due to gravity waves generally increased in the stratosphere, diminished just above the stratopause, greatly increased again in the lower mesosphere, and finally became nearly constant in the upper mesosphere above about 65km. The gravity waves with relatively small vertical scales were significantly weakened just above the stratopause, suggesting the important effect of the vertical structure of the static stability on the propagation characteristics of gravity waves.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1568K) -
Tadahiko OGAWA, Akira OHTANI, Seiji NAGAI, Manabu KUNITAKE1992 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 1025-1039
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2010/09/14
ジャーナル フリーThe winter anomaly and medium-scale traveling Ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) detected during the DYANA campaign in 1990 are analyzed to investigate their characteristics and possible relationship to meteorological phenomena in the lower atmosphere. Anomalous f-min enhancements (FMEs), an indication of the winter anomaly, occurred around January 15 and between January 20 and 29, 1990. For the latter period, the FME region extended down to 31°N. D-region electron density enhancements associated with the FMEs were also recognized from phase measurements of the 10.2kHz Omega signals. The FMEs are not due to solar flares or geomagnetic disturbances, but are related to meteorological processes in the lower atmosphere. Comparison of the FMEs with neutral wind flows observed by the DYANA rockets and MU radar indicates that the FMEs are largest for a few days before the reversal of the stratospheric wind direction from westward to eastward caused by planetary wave activity. There is a 5-day delay between the onsets of the FME and the lower stratospheric (20-hPa) temperature increase. A minor stratospheric sudden warming that appeared around 60°N from February 1 to 14 did not affect the D-region (no FMEs) at least over Japan.
A large number of MSTIDs were identified from ionospheric total electron content data. Although a few of these MSTIDs were caused by geomagnetic activities, the majority have sources in the lower atmosphere. We find that daily and diurnal variations of the MSTID occurrence are controlled by F-region electron density (foF2).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1347K) -
A Preliminary Report on Radiosonde Observations of the Equatorial Atmosphere Dynamics over IndonesiaToshitaka TSUDA, Yasuhiro MURAYAMA, Harsono WIRYOSUMARTO, Susumu KATO, ...1992 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 1041-1055
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2010/09/14
ジャーナル フリーObservations of the equatorial atmosphere dynamics by means of radiosondes were conducted, as a collaborative project between Japan and Indonesia, at the Watukosek observatory in East Jawa, Indonesia, for 25 days from 27 February to 22 March, 1990. Profiles of the wind velocity, temperature, pressure and humidity were obtained at 0-35km altitude with time and height resolutions of 5-7 hours and 150m, respectively. This paper gives an outline of the experiment and the background conditions of the atmosphere during the campaign period. The structure of the zonal mean winds at 10-25km was basically explained by QBO, showing westward winds of about 15m/s, while the meridional winds were fairly weak in the entire height range. The mean temperature profile indicated the tropopause to be at 17-18km altitude, with a minimum temperature of about 190K. Both wind velocity and temperature fluctuations were large indicating the manifestation of various wave activities. The relative humidity was fairly high in the lower troposphere, showing periodic fluctuations with time scales of 3-5 days in addition to the diurnal cycle.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2401K) -
Takashi WATANABE, Ichiro NAITO, Toshihiro OGAWA1992 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 1057-1060
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2010/09/14
ジャーナル フリーAtmospheric temperature and wind have been measured at the engineering test flight of the MT-135-51 rocket during the DYANA Campaign. The measured wind and temperature profiles were compared with those of CIRA 1986 model atmosphere, exhibiting a disturbance in stratospheric altitudes outside of the polar vortex.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (387K) -
Osamu UCHINO, Toshifumi FUJIMOTO1992 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 1061-1070
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2010/09/14
ジャーナル フリーDuring Dynamics Adapted Network for the Atmosphere from January 1990 through March 1990, the vertical profiles of stratospheric ozone and temperature were obtained by a Meteorological Research Institute Mark II mobile lidar. The ozone concentrations in an altitude range of 21-24km were low at Tsukuba in February 1990. The temperature profile on 17 February 1990 showed a flat structure from -43km to -60km near the stratopause. The temperature from 35km to 45km gradually decreased during 6 March through 20 March 1990.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (672K) -
H. NAKANE, S. HAYASHIDA, Y. SASANO, N. SUGIMOTO, I. MATSUI, A. MINATO1992 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 1071-1083
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2010/09/14
ジャーナル フリーTemperature and ozone profiles were observed with the NIES ozone lidar system during the DYANA campaign from January 15th to March 15th at Tsukuba (36°E, 140°N). Temperature profiles from 30km to 90km and ozone profiles from 20km to 45km were obtained. The mesospheric temperature profiles were highly variable and deviations from the NASA88 model atmosphere were large in January and February, but the deviations were small in March 1990. Especially, conspicuous variations of the mesospheric temperature profiles, rapid increase around 55km and rapid decrease around 75km, were observed during the period from January 24th to 26th. We also observed layers with large vertical temperature gradients close to the adiabatic lapse rate above clear inversion layers in the middle mesosphere on January 17th and February 17th. The observed ozone number densities were>10% lower than the ozone sonde data averaged over 22 years at 25km and 30km on January 17th, 25th, 26th. The deviations from the averaged ozone sonde data were small on February 5th, March 8th, 10th and 13th.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (974K) -
K. KAWABATA, Y. FUKUI, H. OGAWA, A. MIZUNO, M. FUJIMOTO, S. NOZAWA, H. ...1992 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 1085-1096
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2010/09/14
ジャーナル フリーThe J=61, 5-60, 6 (110.8359GHz) line of mesospheric ozone has been observed by employing the 4m millimeterwave telescope equipped with an Nb SIS mixer receiver of the Department of Astrophysics, Nagoya University, during 16-17 January 1990 by frequency switching mode as part of DYANA Campaign. The SIS mixer is cooled by a closed cycle 4K refrigerator and its receiver noise is 23K (DSB). Spectroscopy is through a 1024 channel acousto-optical spectrometer with a frequency resolution of 50kHz. The frequency shift and the time intervals for the frequency switching are 18MHz and 2 seconds, respectively. The integration time was 6 minutes in most of the cases. R. m. s. errors of the brightness temperature were less than 0.14K in 50kHz resolution. Successive line profiles in the dawn are illustrated to show rapid depletion of ozone in the upper mesosphere. Ozone in the upper mesosphere depletes at sunrise in mesosphere substantially within the integration time of 6 minutes. Ozone mixing ratio has been estimated from the differential brightness temperature between the successive frequency offsets of 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, and 6.4MHz. The brightness temperature at these frequency offsets are obtained from line profiles smoothed by polynomial fitting in order to reduce statistical errors. Diurnal variations of ozone mixing ratio at the various altitude are illustrated. General features of the diurnal variation agree well with ZOMMERFELDS et al. (1989). The altitude profile of the mixing ratio at noon agrees well with the formula Dm/coshα[(Rm(h-Hm)/α] by BRILLET (1989) but the one in midnight deviate from the model above 60km.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (883K) -
Toshihiko HIROOKA, Kazuhiko HAYASHI, Shinichi YAMADA1992 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 1097-1106
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2010/09/14
ジャーナル フリーThe stratospheric circulation in winter 1989/90 is investigated with the aid of the transformed Eulerian mean (TEM) equations. The winter 1989/90 is characterized by a very cold mid-winter and a pronounced minor warming following it. The sudden warming was caused by the planetary wave of zonal wavenumber 1 vertically propagating from the troposphere. The temperature increase itself was fairly large but the westerly polar night jet did not reverse to the easterly at the lower stratosphere. This is consistent with the hypothesis shown by LABITZKE and VAN LOON (1988) that major mid-winter warmings are hard to occur in the easterly phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) during weak solar activity.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (813K)
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