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Volume 48, Issue 9
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Y. Iwasaka1996 Volume 48 Issue 9 Pages 1113
Published: September 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (139K) -
Hideo Ogawa, Kin-aki Kawabata, Yoshinori Yonekura, Yasunobu Iwasaka1996 Volume 48 Issue 9 Pages 1115-1126
Published: September 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe J= 61, 5-60, 6 (110.836 GHz) line of strato-mesopheric ozone has been measured employing a millimeterwave ozone sensor equipped with an SIS mixer receiver. The receiver noise of the SIS mixer is 34 K (SSB), and the spectrometer covers 70 MHz with a frequency resolution of 35 kHz at the present. From these observations, diurnal and seasonal variations of mixing ratio of day and night, and the day/night ratio of mixing ratio are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2244K) -
Takashi Shibata, Tetsu Sakai, Masahiko Hayashi, Tetsuro Ono, Soung-An ...1996 Volume 48 Issue 9 Pages 1127-1135
Published: September 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA Raman lidar was developed to observe vertical profiles of water vapor, temperature and aerosols. The lidar system can detect signal from 5 detectors simultaneously. Two vibrational Raman backscattering echoes from H2O and N2 (or O2) excited by Nd:YAG 3rd harmonics wavelength (355 nm) are used to observe the profiles of water vapor mixing ratio and atmospheric temperature (or density). Nd:YAG fundamental and 2nd harmonics wavelengths (1064 and 532 ran) are used to observe backscattering coefficient profiles of aerosols and clouds at these wavelengths. The scattering at 532 nm is observed in parallel and perpendicular components corresponding to the linear polarization plane of the transmitted linearly-polarized laser pulse to observe depolarization ratio profiles. Observed water vapor and temperature distributions coincide with the simultaneously observed radiosonde sounding data excellently. The Raman lidar makes it possible to observe the vertical profiles of water vapor, temperature, aerosols, and clouds simultaneously.View full abstractDownload PDF (1473K) -
Takashi Shibata, Tetsu Saicai, Masahiko Hayashi, Tetsuro Ono, Soung-An ...1996 Volume 48 Issue 9 Pages 1137-1144
Published: September 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new inversion algorithm for solving lidar equations by signals at five wavelengths from a Raman lidar was developed. Water vapor mixing ratio, temperature, aerosol scattering ratio and depolarization ratio were retrieved using the lidar data and the algorithm. The obtained profiles show good agreement with radiosonde-observed water vapor and temperature profiles. Backscattering profiles of aerosols up to about 30 km were used to estimate extinction with the optical model of aerosols. The extinction term by Mie and Rayleigh scattering at Raman sifted signals was compensated by these estimated values of aerosol extinction. Atmospheric temperature profile in the free troposphere was calculated by Mie and Rayleigh scattering corrected vibrational Raman scattering of O2 or N2. Observed water vapor and temperature profiles were used to evaluate relative humidity. The algorithm demonstrates the usefulness of vibrational Raman scattering in the lidar observations of the atmosphere.View full abstractDownload PDF (1493K) -
Hideyuki Honda, Shuhji Aoki, Takakiyo Nakazawa, Shinji Morimoto, Nobuy ...1996 Volume 48 Issue 9 Pages 1145-1155
Published: September 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to measure the concentrations of trace gases such as CO2, CH4, N2O and halocarbons and the isotopic ratios of δ13C, δ18O and Δ14C of CO2 in the stratosphere over Antarctica in January 1998, a balloon-borne cryogenic air sampling system was developed on the basis of the sampler which has used for the collection of stratospheric air over Japan since 1985. The sampler developed in this study is capable of collecting air samples with volumes of 20-30 1STP at 12 height levels. Special attention was paid to the sampler so that the collection of a large amount of the stratospheric air can be completed in a short time, which is crucial for recovering the sampler near the station using a helicopter. In addition, the sampler was designed to land on the sea or the ice field safely. We also simulated the flight trajectories of the sampler using the wind data observed at Syowa Station (69°00'S, 39°35'E), Antarctica. The results suggested that the sampler may land within approximately 150 km from the station, if air sampling is made in the summer season. Indeed, the trajectories, thus predicted, were confirmed to be valid by experiments made using a rubber balloon at Syowa Station on January 21 and February 6, 1995.View full abstractDownload PDF (2284K) -
Y. Iwasaka, T. Shibata, H. Adachi, T. Ojio, M. Fujiwara, K. Shiraishi, ...1996 Volume 48 Issue 9 Pages 1157-1167
Published: September 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLidar measurements at Fairbanks, Alaska (64°49' N, 147°52' W) and Ny-Aalesund, Norway (78°54'N, 11°53'E) in December 1991 and January, 1994, respectively, was made to monitor distribution of stratospheric aerosols. The location of Fairbanks lidar site is advantageous to see the effect of polar vortex wall to stratospheric aerosol density distribution since the lidar site is near the polar vortex wall, and sometimes inside and sometimes outside of the polar vortex owing meandering motion of polar vortex. Lidar site of Ny-Aalesund is usually inside of the polar vortex in winter. Comparison of measurements at Fairbanks and Ny-Aalesund showed that polar vortex meandering disturbed profiles of stratospheric aerosol content. Comparing measurements at Fairbanks and Toyokawa, Japan (34°45' N, 137°24' E) the measurements at Fairbanks are well corresponding to the long tens trend observed at Toyokawa, and noticeable day-to-day variations in aerosol content, integrated backscattering coefficient of stratospheric particulate matter, in winter of 1993/1994, which possibly due to the polar atmospheric effect, are detected in the Fairbanks data. Above about 20 km there was little aerosol content when the lidar station was inside of polar vortex. Large enhancement of aerosol load near the local tropopause was observed, which may associate with aerosol descending from the stratosphere to the troposphere near the wall of polar vortex.View full abstractDownload PDF (2010K) -
Takashi Shibata, Toshikazu Itabe, Kouhei Mizutani, Osamu Uchino, Tomoh ...1996 Volume 48 Issue 9 Pages 1169-1177
Published: September 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVertical profiles of tropospheric aerosols and clouds were observed with a lidar at Eureka (80°N, 86°W) in the Canadian high Arctic. The observation periods were February, March and December 1993, and January and February 1994. Observations were also performed from December 1994 to March 1995. Vertical distributions of aerosols and cloud particles are not easy to observe in the Arctic region especially in the polar night season. The lidar observations showed us the first overviews of Arctic tropospheric particle characteristics in mid-winter. Ice crystals were often observed, which correlate very well with the relative humidity over ice that was observed by routine meteorological observations by radiosonde. Particle layers in a very dry environment were sometimes observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1815K) -
Kazuo Osada, Katsuji Matsunaga, Takashi Shibata, Hiroshi Adachi, Yasun ...1996 Volume 48 Issue 9 Pages 1179-1188
Published: September 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDepth profiles of major anions, cations and trace metal concentration levels were measured on snow samples collected at Ester Dome, Fairbanks, Alaska, in March 1994. Both Ca2+ and Na+ occupies most of cations and significant amount of non-sea-salt Ca2+ exists, especially in late winter snow. Correlation between non-sea-salt SO42- and non-sea-salt Ca2+ plus non-sea-salt Mg2+ suggests that non-sea-salt SO42- in snow layer deposited in early winter was associated mostly with Ca and a little fraction with Mg. Depth profiles of enrichment factor based on Al for Mn and Ca show a similar variation with depth. Concentration levels and enrichment factors for Pb and V show an increasing trend near the surface, indicating increased input of industrial pollutants to Arctic atmosphere in late winter to spring.View full abstractDownload PDF (1753K) -
Kazuo Osada, Katsuji Matsunaga, Ikuko Mori, Yasunobu Iwasaka, Keiji Yo ...1996 Volume 48 Issue 9 Pages 1189-1196
Published: September 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSurface snows were daily sampled by a traverse team of Antarctic Walk Expedition from Patriot Hills (80°21' S, 81°36'W) west Antarctica, to South Pole (ca. 1, 080 km away) between November 1992 and January 1993. To study spatial- and temporal-variations in snow chemistry, surface and fallen snow samples were also taken daily at a base camp near Patriot Hills for the same period of the traverse trip. Sea-salts components (Na+, Cl- and Mg2+) showed constantly lower concentration levels in higher inland and southern locations. Spatial variations of methanesulfonate (MSA) and SO42- concentration levels showed nearly parallel and similar variations to sea-salts profiles but were still variable at inland locations. A comparison between the base camp and the traverse data set suggested an unique source-transportation process for NO3- in higher inland of Antarctica.View full abstractDownload PDF (1426K) -
O. G. Gladysheva, G. E. Kocharov1996 Volume 48 Issue 9 Pages 1197-1199
Published: September 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this paper is to stress the importance of collaborative research using natural archives of the cosmogenic nuclei and of the nitrates generated in the Earth's atmosphere.View full abstractDownload PDF (621K)
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