aim: This study aimed to examine the association between childhood war experiences and social frailty in later life among community-dwelling older adults. methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 134 participants aged 70 years and older. Social frailty was assessed using a questionnaire comprising five items, including frequency of going out and social roles, and war experience was determined through a questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was performed with social frailty as the dependent variable and war experience as the independent variable, adjusting for sex, age, educational history, and polypharmacy. results: War experienced persons had a significantly higher likelihood of social frailty than non-experienced persons, indicating a significant association (adjusted odds ratio 2.60, 95% confidence interval 1.02-6.61). conclusion: War experiences in childhood may affect social health in old age, and prevention of social frailty requires continuous support based on a life course approach.

Aim: Functional recovery after cardiovascular surgery is closely linked to long-term outcomes and readmission risk, but predicting it remains difficult in aging populations. This study aimed to assess how preoperative psoas muscle density (PMD), obtained from routine computed tomography (CT), adds predictive value beyond existing models. Methods: This retrospective study included 231 patients undergoing elective cardiovascular surgery. PMD was calculated as the mean CT attenuation of bilateral psoas muscles. Primary outcomes were delayed independent ambulation within 4 postoperative days and a ≥50-m decline in 6-minute walk distance (6 MWD) at postoperative day 14. The predictive benefit of adding PMD to a baseline model (sex, EuroSCORE II, handgrip strength, and Short Physical Performance Battery) was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC), cNRI, and IDI. Results: Delayed ambulation occurred in 47.1%, and 6 MWD decline in 38.5%. Lower PMD independently predicted delayed ambulation (odds ratio [OR], 1.15, 95% CI 1.07–1.24) and 6 MWD decline (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03–1.15). Adding PMD significantly increased the AUC for predicting delayed ambulation, and although the AUC improvement for 6 MWD decline was non-significant, cNRI and IDI improved significantly (P<0.05). Conclusions: Preoperative PMD provides strong, complementary predictive power for postoperative functional results and can be obtained without extra burden from routine CT scans. Including it in preoperative evaluation offers a practical pathway toward accurate risk stratification and targeted prehabilitation, ultimately enhancing patient-centered care.

Aim: This study aimed to identify age-specific factors associated with depressive tendencies among community-dwelling older adults living alone and to provide foundational data to support the prevention of mental and psychological frailty. Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted with 1,580 older adults living alone in City B, Prefecture A, all of whom were regularly visited by community welfare commissioners. The survey collected data on age, gender, years of living alone, social participation, and other relevant variables. It also included the Geriatric Depression Scale-5 (GDS-5) to assess depression risk and the Eleven-Check questionnaire to assess frailty risk. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed with depression risk as the dependent variable and items associated with depression risk as independent variables, adjusting for demographic attributes. Results: Responses were obtained from 1,184 individuals (response rate: 74.9%). After excluding respondents with missing GDS-5 responses and other incomplete data, 770 individuals (valid response rate: 65.0%) were included in the analysis. The sample comprised 174 men (22.6%) and 596 women (77.4%), with a mean age of 80.47 ± 5.81 years. Current physical condition, frailty risk, and social interaction were identified as significant factors associated with depression risk. Conclusions: Frailty risk and social interaction influence depressive tendencies among older adults living alone. Preventing frailty and creating opportunities for social engagement are therefore crucial strategies for supporting mental health in this population.