The purpose of this study is to make clear the influence of occupational and family static-interactional factors on the participation of fathers in childrearing. We surveyed 1, 359 families with parents and children of fifth or sixth grade in the middle and thick city in October to November, 1989. The major findings are as follows :
(1) Fathers' occupation and home-coming time have large influence on their participation in childrearing, that is to say, public officials are higher degree of participation than private company employees or self employees. Furthermore, if fathers' home-coming time is later than 21 o'clock, they are not enough participations in childrearing which requires personal touch with children.
(2) The interactional factors of family have stronger influence on fathers' participation in childrearing than the static factors of family. Especially, in the case that children appreciate their fathers' touch with them, mothers accept fathers' participation with positive feeling and mothers always talk to fathers about their children, the degree of fathers' participation in usual and unusual childrearing becomes higher.

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The purpose of this study is to make clear how to develop of laughter and smile in infants on the bases of the observation data on children's behaviors in a day nursery for 6 years. This report described the characters of 2 year old children's laughter and smile after 1 year old children's.
The characters were as follows :
(1) Similarly to 1 year old children, 2 year old children's laughter and smile were observed in 3 lebels : body, cognition and society. And the 3 lebels were not independent but related to each other.
(2) They became to be able to use laughter and smile actively in relation with other persons.
(3) The smile concerning with “understanding” increased, and they became to laugh “funniness.”
(4) They didn't get clear social consciousness, but the laughter and smile concerning with their self-consciousness through the other persons emerged.

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The purpose of this study is to discuss how children develop their concept of money. Subjects are kindergarteners, 2nd and 5th graders in elementary school, 2nd graders in junior high school and 2nd graders in senior high school, total 1, 105 children.
The results are as follows :
(1) Kindergarteners tend to express concrete objects to the stimulus words.
(2) To the stimulus words of “money” and “rich person, ” the positive responses of “I want it” or “I envy him” are expressed most often, especially in elementary school pupils and countryside pupils. In junior and senior high school pupils, negative responses of “stingy” or “greedy” more often appear.
(3) To the stimulus words “what cannot be bought with money, ” the most frequent response is “human beings, ” with many junior high school pupils also responding with “friends, ” and senior high school pupils responding with “love, ” relatively frequently.
(4) Junior and senior high school pupils respond “house” or “estate” to the stimulus words of “what is expensive.”
(5) “Profitable” as a motivation of career decision is not stated frequently, and is consistent at all stages. There is no statistical difference among stages, but more boys than girls give this answer.
(6) The children's concept of money develops from a focus on concrete objects in the early stage to a connection with abstract values in the late teen groups, while the elementary school age group has a strong orientation to money itself.

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We investigated through questionnaire the relationship between the unspecific symptoms that occur periodically preceding menstruation (PMS) and habitual behavior for 757 working females (23-26 years of age), graduates from a university in Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo. Our finding are as follows :
(1) Unspecific symptoms preceding menstruation were observed in more than 90.0% of the females. There observed more psychological complains among the females having unspecific symptoms more frequently.
(2) A high proportion of the females with frequent unspecific symptoms showed irregularity of menstruation, sensitiveness to the cold, tendency of catching a cold and anemia.
(3) A high proportion of the females with frequent unspecific symptoms showed such habitual behaviors as late-morning attendance at office, late-night supper and want of sleeping.
These observations suggest that the working females who complain unspecific symtoms more frequently are in undesirable health condition resulted from their irregular habitual behavior.

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To elucidate the effects of storing (aging) of flour on the expansion of sponge cake batter, the composition of free lipid, the gelatinization properties and baking characteristics of flours stored at 40°C (3 7% RH) for 50 days were investigated. Flour samples were prepared by defatting and reconstituting.
The results were as follows :
(1) Yields of free (diethyl ether-extractable) lipid from flours decreased after storing flour. Free fatty acid content in lipid of the stored flour increased.
(2) Hardness and apparent viscosity of the flour-water suspension measured at 25°C increased after storing flour.
(3) Maximum viscosity of the defatted stored flour was higher than that of the defatted original flour. The maximum viscosity of the reconstituted flours became higher with the increase of the amount of the FFA contents in the lipid added.
(4) Cooled paste prepared from stored flours showed higher hardness than that from original flour. The adhesiveness of flour-water paste became higher with the increase of the amount of the FFA contents in the lipid added.
(5) Cake volume prepared from the stored flour was larger than that from the original flour. Degree of baking shrinkage of cake batter made from the stored flour was smaller than that from the original flour.

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Following the previous paper, the relations between the form of the upper arm, the shape of the armscye line and many other items of body measurement were clarified by using the canonical correlation analysis. It was shown that the height and the girth of young women were related, while no such relation was found in the case of older women.
In order to classify the form of the upper arm and the shape of the armscye line, the factor analysis was made respectively and three factors were obtained for the former and five for the latter. By using these factor scores obtained from the above mentioned analysis and through cluster analysis, the form of the upper arm and the shape of the armsye line were classified.
Regarding the form of the upper arm, each of the two women groups has a large cluster in which all of the three factor scores are low. The ratio of the cluster of the young women in which the length above the level of armscye point is longer is 41.4%, while the ratio of the cluster of the older women in which the length under the level of armscye point is longer is 41.3%.
Regarding the shape of the armscye line, there are some clusters of the older women in which the length in the vertical direction is longer. They include a cluster in which the width of the armscye points is longer.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate how the aged persons adapt themselves to the living environment and the environmental temperature. A survey of questionnaire on the daily living action and the residential thermal adaptation have been conducted on about 3, 000 aged persons, living in various regions, in summer and winter time.
The results are as follows :
(1) The structure of body has become smaller and thinner with aging.
(2) There have been high correlations between aging and actions involved in the physiological factors. The amount of sleeping time has become longer and the frequency to go to stool, during sleeping, has increased with aging.
(3) A significant regional difference has been recognized in the frequency of bathing. Groups of aged persons at high latitude, who take fewer bathes, spend longer time for one bathing than groups at lower latitude.
(4) A seasonal difference has been remarked in the amount of sleeping time, that has become longer in winter time because of the delay of the hour of rising.

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Following the report of Part 1, this paper reports the results of the analysis concerning the clothing of the aged, based on the investigation of Part 1 and the case-study in Iwate and Hyogo Prefectures.
The results obtained are as follows :
(1) In winter, the aged persons have worn their undershirts one over another, and they have worn more undershirts with aging regardless of their gender.
(2) In summer in cold districts, the aged persons have controlled their degree of comfort by adding outer upper wear, and the tendency has been remarkable in the males. They have begun to wear additional clothing at the temperature of about 22°C.
(3) The thin male aged persons have worn more clothing, and the difference in clothing of the male and older ones between summer and winter has been more remarkable than with the female and younger ones.
(4) In summer, the aged persons in cold districts have worn clothing based on the temperature at waking time, and in winter their clothing has been based on the temperature in non-heated. rooms. On the other hand, in winter, their clothing in warm districts has been based on the outdoor temperature.

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In this report, we analyzed the residents' evaluations of environment of high-rise dwellings (36 and 15 stories) and walk-ups (5 stories). The results of this survey are as follows :
(1) Residents of high-rise dwelling (36 stories) are satisfied some aspects, “the easiness of the use of transportation, ” “the ground and the small park in the estate, ” “the way of refuse disposal, ” “the view from apartment, ” “systems of crimes and disaster prevention” and so on.
(2) They are not satisfied some aspects, “the quake by strong wind, ” “the noisy sound from neighboring apartments, ” “escape safely from fire” and so on.
(3) Residents of high-rise dwellings (36 stories and 15 stories) are satisfied the play lots in the estate. Because they are large in number and dimensions, and there are various kinds of play lots such as “tot lot” for preschool children and “adventure ground” for school children.
(4) Many residents of the walk-ups set a high value on their unit-plans. This walk-ups is one of “New Model Walk-ups of U.D.H.C. (Urban Development and Housing Corporation), ” which unit plans are deviced.
(5) Synthetically, the residents' of high-rise dwelling (36 stories), high-rise dwelling (15 stories) and walk-ups are satisfied their environment in the order named. But almost of high-rise dwellers (36 stories) don't want to reside permanently at their present apartments.

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The purpose of study is to consider problems of consumer education in home economics subject aimed to form living organism. From this view point, the authors analyzed to discuss the survey data of five regional groups in Japan in 1989. The survey data included school pupils' consumer affairs, pupils' recognition of their own consumer behavior and parents' reaction to the pupils' consumer behavior.
The results were summarized as follows :
(1) The school pupils have got a large sum of pocket money, but their parents are not so much interested in usage of pupils' pocket money. The parents are more sensitive to their daughters about usage of the pocket money than to their sons. These facts revealed parents' consciousness of sex role differentiation, that is, parents believe that money management is more important for girls than for boys.
(2) 26.6% of elementary school children, 26% of junior high school students and 37.8% of senior high school students have bought the goods by mail-order. The mail-ordered goods were distributed in many kinds. The goods for adults were on sale for children too, and therefore, advertisement strategies o f adult goods had shown existence of controvertible problems.
The above mentioned analytical results lead to the following conclusions for consumer education in school : it is necessary to form a fundamental behavior pattern as consumer for elementary school children, to form discrimination of choice of goods and to get social common sence for junior high school students, and to establish sense of living and to awake self-consciousness as consumer for high school students.

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The purpose of study is to consider problems on consumer education in home economics subject. Coeducational home economics as required subject in senior high school is scheduled to start in 1994.
Therefore, studies of consumer education are expected to researchers urgently, because many consumers, particularly young generation have had consumer troubles in many cases.
From this view point, a survey was held to analyze consciousness of consumer affairs and propencities of consumer behavior of teacher training college students from five regional groups in Japan.
The results were summarised as follows :
(1) Consciousness of the students as consumer are different with taken or untaken home economic subject. It is suggested that home economics is very effective in education for recognition of cooling-off system to compared with social studies, but home economics has rid effect for recognition of mail-order business, catch sales and apointment sales.
(2) The students who completed home economics subject in senior high school recognized better in knowledge of commodity, safety food and currency mechanism compared with students of nontaken the subject.
(3) 17.2% of the college students have creditcards, but 50% of the students have negative judgements to credit contract. They take a cautions attitudes in credit contract. However, 32.1% of the students have used the creditcards to buy multiform commodities.
(4) 53 persons have bought commodities such as books and learning materials by door-to-door sales. They paid money 94, 725 yen in average. 43.4% of the students regarded the results with satisfaction, but 56.4% of the students were far from satisfactory. The main reasons for discontent are that they do not select commodity subjectively, but they are inclined to impulse buying or to accept sales talk.

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