The relation between grandparents and grandchildren in 'family relations' is important to Japanese. However, we still know virtually nothing about the conditions of their communication in detail, such as frequency and quality of contacts. These papers have picked up such data regarding mutual communication and have reported the results in relation to living arrangements in a city in Hokuriku district. In Part 1 communicative conditions and factors influencing communication between grandparents and grandchildren living apart are reported. The subjects of the research were students ranging from the fifth grade of elementary schools to the third grade of junior high schools and their guardians in a city in Hokuriku district.
The results are as follows :
1) The condition of the communication : Parents of the grandchildren were on more intimate terms with grandparents than grandchildren were, and were most frequently responsible for initiating contact with grandparents. Grandchildren more often visited grandparents than vice-versa, while grandparents more often telephoned and gave gifts to their grandchildren.
2) Factors influencing the communication : Factors include the family composition, mutual support in terms of living expenses, mutual care during sickness, grandparents' custodial care of grandchildren and the sex, age and school grade of grandchildren.

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In Part 2 the results of the investigation into the conditions and factors influencing communication between grandparents and grandchildren living together have been reported. The subjects of the research were the same ones as in Part 1.
The results are as follows :
1) The condition of the communication : The great percentage of grandchildren took at least one meal a day with their grandparents and the great percentage of grandchildren and grandparents gave and took gifts from other. However, only a small percentage of grandchildren went out and shopped with their grandparents or talked with them seriously about various matters. As compared with communication between grandchildren and grandparents living apart, the greater percentage of grandchildren living together gave and took gifts and demonstrated some knowledge of their grandparents' hobbies, but only a percentage actually talked over matters with their grandparents and listened seriously what grandparents said.
2) Factors influencing the communication : Factors include the sex and the age of grandchildren and grandparents, and the degree of joint circumstances, houses and household affairs with parents and grandparents and the balance of powers between parents and grandparents.

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Moisture in Akagome rice, a Japanese native reddish round rice, and amylose content of solved solid from excess water in rice cooking, were 11% and 10% respectively. Samples of Akagome and Koshihikari, a nonglutinous round rice, were placed in wire baskets and were soaked at 20°C for 1 hr and then cooked at 90°C for 15 min in 3 times as much distilled water as rice. After cooking, the excess water was removed from the two cooked rice samples. The iodine value of the excess water of Akagome rice sample was much higher than that of Koshihikari rice sample.
Percent moisture uptake by Akagome rice and Koshihikari rice was 2.5 volume and 2.8 volume respectively, whereas increase in volume of Akagome rice and Koshihikari rice was 27.7 cm³ and 30.5 cm³ respectively. The reddish yellow colored pigment of Akagome rice was always stable in acidic, neutral and alkaline aqueous solutions. The starch cell in the endosperm in Akagome was smaller than that in Koshihikari. Similar electrophoretic patterns of esterase isozyme were observed in Akagome and Koshihikari.

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A study for preparation of a favorable chicken liver cured in rice-bran paste, was performed. Chicken liver was washed by ultrasonication for 10 min and cured in mixed rice-bran paste at 5°C for 72 hr. During this period, the change in the taste, physical properties and preservability of the chicken liver cured in rice-bran paste were investigated. The results were as follows.
1) The optimum amount of salt (sodium chloride) for preparing the cured in rice-bran paste was 4%. The appropriate amount of white liquor in the paste was 28%. The hardness of this preparation was high and its taste was also good. Further, its bacterial count was repressed at the level of 10⁴/g.
2) Preparation of good taste chicken liver in rice-bran paste was obtained when chicken liver was cured for 48 hr in rice-bran paste prepared with 40% of rice-bran, 4% of salt, 28% of white liquor, 22% of sugar and 6% of distilled water. This chicken liver preparation was superior in its color, hardness, savor and taste to the control preparation without only sugar. Its water activity was 0.92 and it s bacterial count was 10⁴/g. Thus, the preservability of this preparation was satisfactorily high.

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Effects of α-, β-and γ-cyclodextrin (CD) on the removal of a mixed oily soil consisting of triolein and cholesterol were investigated. While the removal of the soil by sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS, increased gradually with the washing time, the removal by the CD's was independent. The removal by β-and γ-CD increased with the concentration, resulting in the order of the effectiveness, γ-CD> β-CD >α-CD≈slight at 15 mM.
Addition of the CD's to the solution of SDS shifted the critical micelle concentration (cmc) to higher concentrations. The effect of the CD's was observed on the removal of the soil by the mixed solution at higher concentrations than cmc of the solution. The effects were in the order, γ-CD>β-CD>α-CD≈0.β-CD removed selectively cholesterol in the mixed soil.
A two-step washing consisting of washing first with SDS and then with CD showed a better performance than that with CD-SDS mixed solution.

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The amount of dirt in a house is affected by daily behavioural patterns of the occupants. The amount and type of house cleaning reflect the house wives life style and personal consciousness. We have made a survey on sixty-two different places in a house regarding their cleanness, frequency of their cleaning, the way of cleaning, awareness of the cleanness and laboriousness of cleaning. Results are summarized as follows.
1) Heavily soiled places of a house are kitchen fan, range hood, window groove, kitchen drain pipe, and fly screen. These places are not cleaned often due to the difficulty.
2) The consciousness of the cleanness is high for kitchen counter, bathroom and bathtub, lavatory cabinet, and western style toilet bowl. These places are cleaned frequently.
3) The frequency of cleaning, which largely depends on the difficulty, determines the degree of dirt of respective places.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the current traffic problems and the effects to the school children of an elementary school in Yamaguchi City. The part 1 is based on surveys of the traffic volume and the children during the certain times in the morning and in the afternoon on their ways to and from school. For those children, the route-to/from-school is an important part of their living environment. However, considering the current rapid growth of traffic volume in the district, those children are forced to face the various negative influences by automobiles.
The followings are the points of findings from the survey :
1) Crosswalks in Intersection : The dangerous factors noted are; a) concentration of motor traffic, b) movements of pedestrian and motor vehicles and c) insufficient traffic equipment, such as traffic light, etc.
2) Motor Vehicles in School-Zone : Observed heavy traffic condition was the another dangerous factor for the school children. And the school-zone as means of controlling traffic for children were not effective in here.
3) Effects to the School Children : The traffic volume caused those children's forming groups; School children's groups were formed while they were walking on the street with small traffic and those groups were smaller on the street with heavy traffic. There were some children avoiding the route appointed by the school because of the traffic condition of the route and other reasons.

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The purpose of the part 2 is to investigate how elementary school children and their parents recognize and behave safety on the route-to/from-school. The investigation was carried out with a questionnaire to the children and parents. The results were as follows :
1) The behavior of children was different between on the ways to school and from school. On their ways from school, members of a group were more fixed than the ways to school. The size of group was larger and their pace of walking was more slowly on the ways from school.
2) The rate of car ownership of their family was higher than the national average. The main street to the school was very crowded with children to school and cars to office every morning.
3) About 25% of the children and 75% of the parents felt near miss on the streets. Traffic environment in this area was not good for children.
4) 60% of the children, however, were not aware of the danger of the traffic condition. Children's recognition for traffic condition was increased with their experiences of near miss and awareness of the traffic volume, but it was unrelated to the advice from parents.

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[in Japanese]

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