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Volume 49, Issue 11
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Consumers' Surplus in the Competitive MarketChikako MARUYAMA1998 Volume 49 Issue 11 Pages 1167-1172
Published: November 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSI examined consumers' right to sue for an injunction and its economical effect.
The results are as follows :
1) Consumers' right to sue for an injunction is not recognized in Japan.
2) The acts of unfair competition decrease the social surplus as well as the consumers' surplus.
3) Exercising his or her right to sue for an injunction, a consumer can protect the profit of society.
4) The system of consumers' right to sue for an injunction is related to education and home economics because the system calls for consumers' fair judgment and action.View full abstractDownload PDF (829K) -
Kanae MIZUSHIMA1998 Volume 49 Issue 11 Pages 1173-1184
Published: November 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this research is to examine the changes in life of the families as well as the out-patoemts in the Toneyama National Hospital who undergo the home oxygen therapy (HOT). The results are as follows :
1) Almost all the patients wanted to recuperate at home for the benefits of freedom and the evasion from interaction with people, regardless of their types of families, their ages and activities of daily living (ADL).
2) Thirty-nine percent of the patients did not feel burdened by the oxygen concentrators used in HOT, while 37% felt burdened.
3) The patients who felt uncomfortable using the concentrators changed their sense of values in terms of status, income and rivalry more drastically than those who were not under stress.
4) Most patients involved in HOT showed a tendency toward an indoor life style, in which they were more inclined to stay home and watch TV than go out for a walk. Their families also became more involved in indoor activities such as doing housework and caring for patients.
HOT enables to recuperate at home, but seems to limit the living activities of families as well as patients.View full abstractDownload PDF (1688K) -
Circumstances under Which the Articles Drafted by Beate Shirota Gordon Became the Constitution of JapanHaruka NAKANISHI, Hiroko ONOSE, Atsuko KUSANO1998 Volume 49 Issue 11 Pages 1185-1198
Published: November 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this paper is to explain the process of how the human rights articles in the third chapter of the Constitution of Japan was drafted by Beate Shirota Gordon.
We investigated the transition of the articles and the change of words. The materials we used included the papers of GHQ, the shorthand records of deliberation as recorded by a Japanese member, postwar literature, an interview with Beate and her autobiography.
The results are as follows :
Beate Shirota Gordon played an important role in the writing of Article 24 and 26 of the current Constitution of Japan. The articles concern the equality of both sexes in the family and the equal opportunity of education; the wording by Beate remain intact in the Constitution. The current Civil Code is based on Article 24, which was enacted from the standpoint of individual dignity and the essential equality of both sexes. Those drafts originally deleted from the Constitution were “the protection of motherhood, ” “the ban on discrimination of illegitimate children, ” and “the equality of both sexes in opportunity of work and pay.” The fact that some of these were later enacted shows Beate Shirota Gordon's foresight.View full abstractDownload PDF (2278K) -
Characteristics of the Elderly and Their Behavior in Three Different Areas in TokyoYukiko KUDO, Junko HIRANO, Takako SODET1998 Volume 49 Issue 11 Pages 1199-1208
Published: November 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper analyzes the living environment and the behavior of the elderly in three areas in Tokyo, and considers how the regional differences and the characteristics of the living environment affect the behavior of the elderly. Three areas surveyed are Setagaya Ward, which typifies Tokyo's residential area, Taito Ward, which represents a traditional working-class neighborhood of Tokyo, and Higashi-Kurume and Kiyose, which are Tokyo's suburban cities. A questionnaire interview was administered to the residents aged 65 and over in respective areas. Samples totaled 826.
The contents of this paper may be summarized as follows :
1) The elderly's characteristics differ according to their past occupations, living arrangements, and the length of residence at the present domicile.
2) The integration and participation in their neighborhood are influenced by their past occupations. The elderly in Taito Ward, whose past occupations were self-employed workers in family businesses, maintain close ties with the community.
3) Satisfaction in the sense of belonging depends strongly on their continuous residence in the same area. When continuous residence is guaranteed, integration and participation in the community activities are accentuated.View full abstractDownload PDF (1165K) -
Relationships between the Characteristic of Areas and Social NetworkJunko HIRANO, Yukiko KUDO, Takako SODEI1998 Volume 49 Issue 11 Pages 1209-1216
Published: November 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study examined the structure of social network of the urban elderly in different areas.
In previous studies, it was referred that the social network tended to weaken in accordance with the progress of urbanization. Recent studies, however, argue that the social network tends to be broadened rather than weakened. We surveyed the network structure in three areas in Tokyo where the extent of urbanization in terms of population are similar but the area characteristics are quite differnt. The method of survey is the same as in the first report of Kudo et al. (1998).
The following results are obtained :
1) In the “yamanote” (residential) areas, the elderly have few friends and little contact with community.
2) In the “shitamachi” (downtown) areas, the elderly are more closely associated with neighbors than in the other two areas.
3) In the suburban areas, the elderly have more friends and are on good terms with them.
The above show that trends to urbanizm and release from community are not identically experienced in the urbanized areas under survey.View full abstractDownload PDF (1109K) -
Hiromi KATSURA, Junko MATSUZAKI, Yoshihisa NAKANO1998 Volume 49 Issue 11 Pages 1217-1222
Published: November 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen rats were exposed to hyperoxia (95% O2) for 3 days, the content of α-tocopherol in the liver decreased significantly, whereas that of retinol did not change. Vitamin A deficiency did not show any effects on the decrease in α-tocopherol content with hyperoxia. Furthermore, the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (an index of lipid peroxidation) and of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanine (a marker for the oxidative degradation of DNA) did not increase under the hyperoxic conditions even in the vitamin- A- deficient rats.
When the vitamin-A-deficient rats were exposed to hypoxia (10.5% O2; 5 days), the hepatic α-tocopherol content decreased significantly, although the α-tocopherol content did not change in the control rats. In contrast, the hepatic retinol content of the control rats decreased slightly with hypoxia.
With β- carotene -supplemented rats, no change was observed in the hepatic α-tocopherol content under both the hyperoxic and hypoxic conditions, whereas the content of β-carotene in the liver tended to decrease under both conditions. The hepatic retinol content, which was significantly increased by β-carotene supplementation, also tended to decrease with hypoxia.View full abstractDownload PDF (726K) -
Storing of ProvisionsNoriko IMAI, Kumi NAKAMURA1998 Volume 49 Issue 11 Pages 1223-1232
Published: November 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Part 3, we aim to clarify the actual conditions as well as the consciousness of storing provisions in preparation for disaster and what articles to be taken out in case of emergency.
The results are as follows :
The earthquake disaster made the majority of people aware of the necessity of preparing for emergency, and about half of those surveyed made it a point to store things for emergency evacuation : cash, bankbooks, personal seals, underwear, for example, in addition to torch, radio, food, and drinking water.
Those emergency articles are normally kept in a bedroom for quick evacuation. It should be noted, however, that they are often stored in places that might prevent quick evacuation; such is considered to result due to the limited space available for some households.
Such being the case, it is recommended that each community should provide a common storage of emergency articles to supplement individual storage. It is further recommended that each community should get ready emergency items such as temporary toilets and first-aid and rescue kits.View full abstractDownload PDF (1796K) -
Hiroko INUKAI1998 Volume 49 Issue 11 Pages 1233-1239
Published: November 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCarrying a baby may be considered hard when the job is viewed in terms of energy consumption. It is hard work because a baby's weight increases rapidly from around 3 kg at the time of birth to around 10 kg 1 year after birth. This study aimed to work out how much load is normally borne by a person who carries a baby by measuring RMR and HR, and came up with the following figures and results.
1) RMR : 3.7 for carrying a baby in arms (Dakko), 3.1 for carrying by baby-carrier, and 2.8 for carrying on the back (Onbu).
2) The use of a baby-carrier decreases the carrying load as its RMR is smaller than carrying in arms.
3) RMR is the smallest when carried on the back, this, however, is no longer practised in Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (985K) -
Tomoko YAMAGUCHI, Shinobu HAGA, Keiko NAGAI, Hitoshi TAKAMURA, Teruyos ...1998 Volume 49 Issue 11 Pages 1241-1247
Published: November 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe vitamin C content of commercial fresh and prepared vegetables (frozen and cooked vegetables) was investigated. Ascorbic acid and apparent oxidized vitamin C (dehydroascorbic and diketogulonic acids) were separately determined by HPLC after derivatization with 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Of the twelve fresh vegetables tested, the ascorbic acid content was the highest in green pepper (123.7 mg/100 g) and the lowest in onion (2.4 mg/100 g). More than 90 % of the apparent total vitamin C in fresh vegetables was ascorbic acid. The ascorbic acid and apparent total vitamin C contents of each frozen vegetable were lower than those of the equivalent fresh vegetable, except for pumpkin. For the cooked vegetables, the ascorbic acid content was lower than that for each fresh vegetable. The percentages of apparent oxidized vitamin C (averaged for all the vegetables tested) were 6.8, 27.3 and 56.8% for the fresh, frozen and cooked vegetables, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (974K) -
Kazuko NAGATA1998 Volume 49 Issue 11 Pages 1249-1250
Published: November 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (358K) -
Rieko OZUKA1998 Volume 49 Issue 11 Pages 1251-1252
Published: November 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (304K) -
Minami DAITO1998 Volume 49 Issue 11 Pages 1253-1254
Published: November 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (549K) -
Tamako TODA1998 Volume 49 Issue 11 Pages 1255-1256
Published: November 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (547K) -
Tohru ISHIBASHI1998 Volume 49 Issue 11 Pages 1257-1258
Published: November 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (416K)
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