In this study, we caluculated the lifelong incomes based on new concept as seen from employment forms of wives. The lifelong incomes based on new concept mean the cost of reproduction of life. It was consisting of wage, an old-age pension and economic estimation of household work.
The wive's employment forms were classified into four patterns of the housewife, re-employed part-time worker, re-employed full-time worker and full-time worker, and they were further studied in terms of their academic background. The results are as follows :
1) Working out the economic estimation of their lifelong household work, we clarified that the household work by a housewife produced a high economic effect.
In case of a wife who worked as full-timer, her economic estimation was 32 % less than that of a housewife. And in case of a husband with wife who was full-timer, his economic estimation was 17 % more than that of a husband with wife who was a home-maker or the housewife as classified in this study.
2) Working out the lifelong incomes based on new concept of a married couple, we clarified that the economic estimation of a wife who worked part-time was only 2% more than a married couple with wife looking after household work as housewife.
In case of a married couple with wife working as full-timer, their economic estimation was 134 % more than that of a married couple with housewife.
In other words, it was clarified that, based on the new concept, a wife who worked as part-timer produced a low economic effect on the lifelong incomes.

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The effects of the presence of cellulose propionate (CP) on the crystallization rate of poly (β-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) in PHB-CP blends were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a polarizing microscope. The time required for crystallization and the radial growth rate of the spherulites were measured. In addition, the equilibrium melting point of PHB was determined by measuring the melting point of PHB in isothermally crystallized blends. The following results were obtained. 1) The crystallization rate of PHB in the blends decreased remarkably with increasing CP fraction. 2) The degree of crystallization of PHB in isothermally crystallized films was ca. 90% of that in as-cast films. It was independent of CP fraction and of the crystallization temperature. 3) The equilibrium melting points of PHB in isothermally crystallized blends (CP fraction ≥ 0.2) depressed several degrees by blending with CP. 4) The PHB spherulite in the blends is more open in texture compared with that of PHB homopolymer.

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It has been determined that the silhouette of a flared skirt is influenced by the mechanical properties of the fabric and the number of gore panels used in the skirt.
In order to study the factors influencing the comfort and aesthetic appearance of flared skirts, we used visual and wearing sensory tests to investigate the evaluation value of flared skirts made of several kinds of fabrics with different mechanical properties and having different numbers of gore panels.
The results of factor analysis with the evaluation values obtained by the sensory tests revealed two factors about the impression formation of flared skirts. These were the effects of fabric bending and shear stiffness on the silhouette formation of skirts, and on the beauty of the form of the skirt.
In the visual tests, the dynamic evaluation values were lower than the static evaluation values when the flared skirts were evaluated as being too difficult to slip between fabric and body (legs). This means that the fabrics with high coefficients of surface friction and high frictional resistance between fibers are evaluated as having “poor drapability” in dynamic tests.
The evaluation value of “good for flared skirts” can be estimated using compound mechanical parameters of the bending stiffness, the shear stiffness, and thickness of fabrics obtained from both anisotropic seamed and seamless fabrics.

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For the purpose of explicating the relation between selecting sizes and ease of garments, body measurements and surveys about quantity and sense of ease were conducted from 1994 to 1996. The subjects were 901 female junior college students and 404 of their mothers. The same questionnaires were given to the students each year, and once to mothers in 1995. The main results are as follows.
1) A comfortable sense of ease for female students was 9.9 cm at the bust, 2.1 cm at the waist and 3.6 cm at the hip in 1996. Empirical evidence regarding size, design, construction and other factors is necessary to varidate these findings.
2) The sense of ease at the bust of blouses or shirts decreased every year. On the other hand, the sense of ease at the waist of tight skirts or pants remained constant. A comfortable sense of ease is affected by slim garments now in fashion.
3) The sense of ease at the waist or hip of young students and middle-aged mothers is reversed, that to say, the sense of ease at the waist of students is much more than that of their mothers and the sense of ease at the hip of students is less than that of their mothers. This phenomenon is due to the single sizing system used for women's garments, despite different somatotypes. The wearing of commercially produced garments which do not always fit properly causes an uncomfortable sense of ease.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify how residential mobility affects families with elderly people and their living conditions.
1) The residential mobility of families with elderly people were classified into four types, A to D. Seen from the pattern of mobility, the typical were Type A who moved into and lived in Nagoya City, Types A and B who moved out to the city's suburbs, and Type C who moved into and lived in Nagoya City.
2) The small families with elderly people, whose residential life was unstable, had an increasing tendency of moving into the city. Many of the families with elderly people including small ones were separated from Type C by moving.
3) The moving factors as well as the living standards after moving were basically different by moving patterns. The reasons for moving into the city were diversified, and the improvement of their housing conditions were not easy. The main reasons for moving out of the city include their intention to live with the elderly people and their wish to improve their housing conditions, while, on the other hand, the reasons for moving into the city include marriage and convenience.
4) The large number of families wish to settle down in the city, but possibility seemed little for most of them. Those who had moved out of the city would have stayed if conditions had been met. It should be noted that not many of those who had moved out intended to return to the city while Type C families intended to do so.

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This study aims at identifying better living management measures employed for cooperative implementation by the residents association of a detached houses area.
To this end, interviews were conducted and questionnaires sent to the residents association of detached houses areas planned in Gifu Prefecture.
The residents association tackles mainly life control of living management. Those residents associations, which have longer experience of positive daily management of the association and community activities, tend to carry out life control of the living management activities.

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This study aims at identifying some desirable solutions of pet breeding problems on the part of residents through clarifying facts about the damages by pets in the detached houses areas.
Through the survey, it was found that nearly half of the residents suffered from the pet problems in one way or another while 40% of the residents expressed their concern about the problems.
The magnitude of damages depend not only on the number of pets fed but also on how the residential area is designed as well as on the age and family structure of the residents. The residents seem to try to formulate some rules on pet breeding in order to tackle the problems, rather than to prohibit pet breeding itself.
Therefore, it is necessary to formulate rules or manuals for pet breeding to improve the manner of pet breeding.

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A variety of problems related to gender appeared as a result of the Hanshin-Awaji Great Earthquake. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the problems in terms of family relations, employment and housework. We questioned high school and college students and members of a labor union about their family life, using the questionnaire method.
The date showed that the students' parents whose houses had been damaged due to the earthquake worked together and talked with each other about many problems, and this corporation increased their stress. Among the fathers of the students whose houses had been damaged, 1/3 of them gave priority to their company over home life (4/5 mothers, home life). Soon after the earthquake all members of the family shared some housework and fathers did non-daily housework. All of the family members took shares in some housework. Six months after the earthquake, however, most of the housework came to be performed by the mother alone as it used to be.
We also interviewed some of those women who had been dismissed from work. They said part-time workers, mostly women, were dismissed easily and couldn't get the same job again.

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An investigation of post-heated and fermented teas (pickled teas) in Yunnan, China revealed that Liang-pan tea (a salad tea) which is considered to be made by Jinuo-zu in South Yunnan, is widely made by Thai-zu in Dehong Thai-zu Jingpo-zu Province of Yunnan. Liang-pan tea is prepared from fresh raw tea leaves, dried tea or Lephet-so, which is one of the post-heated and fermented teas of Myanmar, with salt, various spices, vegetables and oils being added. Liang-pan tea is just like a salad tea, and it is presumed that this tea originated as an edible food material, before emphasis was placed on drinking.

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A search for the correlation between Japanese and Chinese food cultures identified the production of natto, a non-salted and fermented soybean product, in China. Natto is prepared by Jingpo-zu in Dehong Thai-zu Jingpo-zu Province of Yunnan in China. Boiled soybean covered with bamboo grass, straw or loquat leaves is left to ferment in a bamboo basket. After fermentation, it is eaten with pepper, or salt and pepper is added to produce a seasoning like Japanese miso. Salted natto is also dried for storage as drynatto, and some natto is used to prepare Shui-douchi a kind of supplementary food. Our search indicates that the nattoline from Nepal via Bhutan and Myanmar that has been presented by Sasaki can be extended to Yunnan in China.

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The substance of cultural education of dietary habits that should be practiced in the actual scenes of school lunch service and its viewpoints were studied as a current problem. After confirming the definition of “culture of dietary habits, ” as the preceded research works concerning cultural education of dietary habits on school lunch service were looked over, it became clear that three researchers-Fujiwara, Miyahara and Kanoh-mentioned their own views on how to comprehend it. They were of perfect accord in the point that the substance of cultural education of dietary habits included not only regional traditional dishes and dishes for special occasions, but also the way of rice cooking, material of tableware, the relationship between children and people involved in the provision of school lunch, and other diverse things. They also thought all of these things to be factors that should be individually discussed. Taking these matters into consideration, the authors proposed that three viewpoints, i.e., respect of human rights, upbringing of the sociality of children and relations to natural environment should be considered principally necessary for cultural education of dietary habits on school lunch service. In actual cases where three viewpoints were adopted to school lunch service, it was ascertained that cultural education of dietary habits was put into practice as a significant work.

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