Journal of Home Economics of Japan
Online ISSN : 1882-0352
Print ISSN : 0913-5227
ISSN-L : 0913-5227
Volume 52, Issue 5
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
  • Comparison of Life Styles and Consideration of Community Concepts
    Yoshimi OHNO, Kazuko HIRAI, Machiko ASANO, Hisa HIGUCHI, Reiko TAKEZOE
    2001 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages 391-400
    Published: May 15, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A questionnaire survey was conducted in the large cities of Osaka and Kobe per se and their surrounding areas in western Japan in 1996 as well as in the Mustang district of Nepal in 1995. The survey was designed to clarify the difference between the residents (23-84 years of age, 329 males and 457 females) in the above-mentioned area in Japan and the residents (10-81 years of age, 146 males and 139 females) in Nepal.
    In response to “pleasure in daily life, ” about half of the Japanese replied “ratio, TV or movies, ” while the response was “chatting” in Nepal (both sexes). When questioned how they viewed “work, ” in Japan, younger people answered that they worked in order to earn money while older people, mostly males, regarded work something like natural obligation. In Nepal, most respondents worked for their family; they did not consider work as natural obligation. A significant number of Nepalese replied they would follow seniors' advice in order to solve problems. A high proportion of respondents both in Japan and Nepal stated that they found their living condition comfortable. The majority of the respondents both in countries stated that they would extend assistance to those in trouble. The Nepalese were more concerned about local community, family and others as regards ceremonies such as marriage. Most Nepalese considered traditions as a key to support their lives.
    The findings show that the Nepalese have greater consciousness of being more a member of the local community than an individual, and that traditional activities support their living sense. On the other hand, the Japanese daily living consciousness and value sense on life seem to be strongly affected by the changing life styles; their sense of values as well as consciousness of daily life are bccoming diversified and the individuals concept seems to be weighed more than before.
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  • Hiro IKEDA
    2001 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages 401-409
    Published: May 15, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The type of saccharide extracted while cooking Koshihikari, Nipponbare and Yukihikari rice, and its relationship with the taste of the cooked rice were examined.
    A substantial amount of saccharide was extracted when cooking at temperatures in the ranges of 40-70°C and 80-98°C, the largest amount being at boiling point.
    The ratio of amylose to amylopectin in the saccharide extracted at 70°C and 98°C and after the final steaming (murashi) was highest in the latter case for all three samples of cooked rice and higher than that in their raw state. Of the three varieties, the ratio for Koshihikari was the highest and showed a longer-chain fraction in the gel chromatography patterns.
    Most of the saccharide extracted into the cooking water was absorbed by the rice grains during heating; some remained on the surface of the grains and affected the luster and adhesiveness of the cooked rice, which seems to have been related to the taste.
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  • Yuki MORI, Toshie OMORI, Etsuko KIOKA
    2001 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages 411-420
    Published: May 15, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The fundamental role of shoes, apart from the obvious fashion aspect, is to protect the foot and support the foot function, i.e. the gait. In this aspect, we tried to verify problems of Thick-Sole Shoes (TSS) which have become fashionable among young women recently.
    We conducted measurements of foot pressure distribution and EMGs of the lower leg, and observations of the gait figure for 7 young women in each case of walking barefoot, in sneakers and in TSS. Additionally, 250 young women were surveyed using a questionnaire form about their awareness of shoes.
    When wearing TSS, the foot movement found in normal walking, i.e. landing on the heel then kicking with the toes, is prevented, and so shuffling is apt to occur. The weight point on the sole deviates toward the toe side significantly, and weight dispersion on the sole, one of the most important functions of shoes, is altered. Furthermore, the use of the gastrocnemius muscle increases remarkably.
    Young women, when selecting shoes, tend to put design before function, and force themselves to wear fashionable shoes, despite the agony they may cause.
    Based on the above results, it may be concluded that TSS are not preferable and a campaign for awareness and education about shoes to consumers is necessary in order to contribute to foot protection and healthy walking form.
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  • Hiroko SUGITA, Michi TANAKA, Yuko TAKAHASHI, Yukiko SATO, Hiroshi YAMA ...
    2001 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages 421-427
    Published: May 15, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In our experiment we asked, .201 female college/junior-college students as subjects to judge body silhouettes that consisted of all possible pairs of ten female junior-college students' photographs. We analyzed the data of the pair-wised comparisons in terms of multidimensional scaling and found that the preference of body silhouettes had two dimensions. A multiple regression analysis was also applied to examine the relationship between the somatometric measures of body silhouettes and the two dimensions of preference. As a result, it was found that female college/junior-college students had a tendency to attach importance to the side of the body when they judged silhouettes and they were likely to prefer a body silhouette having a narrow-angled thinner abdomen, and a thicker bust and hips.
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  • Kazuyo TSUZUKI, Sachiko IIZUKA, Saeko MITSUTSUJI, Asako IKEDA, Junko T ...
    2001 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages 429-438
    Published: May 15, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the thermal environment experienced by young children in both summer and winter. The questionnaire consisted of two parts; the basic and the fact-finding questionnaires. The first part was designed to reveal the detailed characteristics of environmental preferences for both young children and their mothers as well as mothers' behavior regarding thermoregulation and their living environments. The second part sought information regarding the measurement of room temperatures, the activities, clothing and mothers' thermal sensations at home. The second part including the measurement of room temperature was conducted four times (9-10 AM, 1-2 PM, 5-6 PM, 8-10 PM) on a chosen day in winter as well as in summer.
    The results are as follows.
    1) Over 90% of the case, use of the heating and cooling equipment depended on the mother's thermal sensation in winter, while, 50% of the case, mother's thermal sensation led the behavioral thermal regulation at home in summer. The choice of children's clothing depended on weather (80%), mother' s thermal sensation (40%), and room temperature (20%).
    2) The field survey showed that the average ambient air temperatures in the dwelling where mothers and their children lived were 18°C in winter and 28°C in summer.
    3) The young children's clothing was one or two pieces fewer than mothers' both in summer and winter. The average clothing insulation for mothers was estimated to be 0.35 clo and 1.05 clo in summer and winter respectively, while the clothing insulation for children was estimated to be 0.1 clo and 0.3 clo less than that for mothers in summer and winter respectively.
    4) The relationship between ambient air temperatures and the mothers' thermal sensations was good in both winter and summer. The neutral temperatures for mothers that were determined from respective liner regression were 16°C and 26°C in winter and summer respectively. The other neutral temperatures determined by mothers' clothing insulation were 21°C and 27 °C in winter and summer respectively.
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  • A Study on Regional Interaction at Maintenance Enterprise of Rice Terraces in Rural Hilly Area (Part 2)
    Mako MAEDA, Ichiro NISHIMURA
    2001 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages 439-449
    Published: May 15, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Following Part 1 issued 3 years ago, this study aims to clarify the present status and future tasks as well as the effects on the participants of “The Rice Terraces Ownership System” at Asuka. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 146 owners, above the age of 20, and 142 inhabitants of Inabuchi district whose age is over 20. It is necessary to revise the newly developed two plans in order to stay away from mannerism. It is vital to pay due attention to both the owners' and the inhabitants' opinions for creating better daily life. Participation in interaction activities including the system under study has brought forth significant effect on both the urban and local. As interactive projects such as this system spread and the number of participants increases, a lot of benefits are expected; the inhabitants' consciousness to life will be increased both in urban areas and the farming villages, leading to the betterment and revitalization of the living environments and community life.
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  • Analysis of Twelve Case Studies
    Asako MIYAJIMA, Ichiro NISHIMURA
    2001 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages 451-461
    Published: May 15, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study is to investigate how and where home care clients spend their time in the living environment. Of those getting health care services in K city, twelve subjects (66-87 years of age, averaging 75.2±6.2) were studied. Each respondent lived in an independent house with their family or spouse. The respondents were rated either A (semi-independent) or B (semi-bedridden). Using a loosely structured questionnaire, the researcher interviewed all twelve between October 1997 and February 1998. The findings are as follows :
    1) The bedroom was mostly situated on the first floor close to the entrance door giving easy access for care-giver. The family and the client did not recognize it as important.
    2) Ten subjects spent a long period of time in the bedroom on account of their weak ability of walk around as well as the lack of cozy space to spend time. Two factors, the health conditions and living environment, affected the client in a variety of ways : sleeping, eating, toileting and bathing conditions.
    3) Most of the clients watched TV for hours during the day in their bedroom. In other words, they spent a long period of time in bed. Some of them wake up early in the morning and kept regular hours, while their family members went to work and the like.
    The results suggest the need that the care-givers should advise the family as well as the client to secure a place or places for the client for spending time away from bed and keeping regular hours at an early stage of his or her home care life.
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  • Tsuyako AIMOTO
    2001 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages 463-464
    Published: May 15, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Taeko OGURA
    2001 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages 465-466
    Published: May 15, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [in Japanese]
    2001 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages 467-468
    Published: May 15, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (385K)
  • [in Japanese]
    2001 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages 469-471
    Published: May 15, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (561K)
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