Much attention has been focused in Japan on the multivariate functions of agriculture and farming communities in relation to issues of ecology and food safety. Based on this concept, this study focused on the viewpoint of farmers with regards to agricultural management, albeit unstable factors prevail in perspectives related with agricultural business management. Based on the value management viewpoint, 17 selected elite cases of farmers were interviewed to analyze what aspects of agriculture they found interesting. The results revealed 5 farming interest-derived factors : the nature-crop relationship, human-relationship, business, family-life and cultural aspects. Of these, all cases showed keen interest in the nature-crop relationship and business aspect, and they manifested willingness to put in effort and financial investments without reservation in establishing product safety and life security in their farming ventures. Furthermore, interests in the family-life relationship were well expressed by all cases, and efforts were attempted to exploit arrangements for family-management so as to complement the two aspects of the family management, in other words, farming. Of these 5 factors, the respective farmers indicated particular interest in the human-relationship and cultural aspects. It should be pointed out, however, that their interests in the two factors were not confined to their own farming community but extended over the other communities as well, which shows those farmers are gifted with ability in management. In value management of agricultural industry, farmers' interests were particularly influenced by issues of both farm-income management and family business management such as when to pass executive authority from parents to children as well as to what degree wives take part in the farming part of the family business.

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The purpose of this research was to investigate the development of junior high school and senior high school students' Self-Efficacy (SE) for Social Interaction with Infants and the relation between that and their SE for Interaction with Peers. Two scales, SE for Social Interaction Scale with Infants and SE for Interaction with Peers were developed and administered to 659 junior high school students-333 boys and 326 girls, 774 senior high school students-383 boys and 391 girls. By factor analysis, it was found that SE for Social Interaction Scale with Infants had one-factor structure, while SE for Interaction with Peers was divided into two subscales. By examining students' development processes of SE for Social Interaction with Infants from the point of view in age and sex, and the relation of SE for Interaction with Peers, the results were as follows : 1) Boys' SE for Social Interaction with Infants was lower than girls'. 2) SE for Social Interaction with Infants was related to 'sympathetic factor' of their SE for Social Interaction with Peers.

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Stress-strain curves for egg white gels (10-16%) were evaluated as a function of the compression speed in the range from 0.6 to 600 mm/min. The observed stress-strain curves fitted well with the BST equation, and four rheological parameters were determined; i.e., Young's modulus, the breaking stress and strain, and elasticity parameter n. When the compression speed was changed, different results were obtained for Young's modulus determined in the linear viscoelastic region and for the parameters that characterize the non-linear elastic behavior at large deformation (breaking stress and strain, and elasticity parameter n). The parameters determined in the non-linear viscoelastic region were found to be different with compression speeds slower and faster than approximately 10 mm/min.

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“Mohingar” is a type of fermented rice noodle from Myanmar. The composition and microbial characteristics of mohingar were investigated. Microorganisms which grew on nutrients of LBS, TATAC, DHL, and potato dextrose medium were found in the fermentation process. The composition of mohingar differed from that of unprocessed rice. Moisture, crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash were less and free amino acids were higher in mohingars than in rice. Notably, hydroxyproline and phenylalanine were detected in mohingar. Mohingar contained a high amount of lactic acid, because lactic acid bacteria are key bacteria in the manufacturing process. There were no polypeptide bands over 20 kDa in mohingar, and bands of under 6.5 kDa were present in a relatively large quantity and the 16 kDa band, so-called allergenic protein, was faint in appearance.

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In order to utilize tobiko (fly powder of konnyaku) as a food material, untreated powder (S), powder S soaked in ethanol and then ultrasonically irradiated for 15 min (A), and powder S soaked in ethanol for 15 min (B) were added to sponge cake mixture, and the effects on the physical properties, sensory characteristics, chemical composition and preservation of the cooked sponge cake were studied. Compared with the control product (no added tobiko), the sponge cake with up to 7.5% of material A added to wheat flour resulted in a brownish color, the cake having a small pore size, softness and an elastic texture. A sensory evaluation gave an equal rating to that of the control product. The cake was richer in nutrient content such as protein, dietary fiber and mineral components than the control product and showed favorable results in the preservation test. The addition of tobiko thus enhanced the quality of sponge cake.

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Chemical solubilization of lipids is an process in soil removal from textiles. This study reports a real time observation of a modelistic removal process of solid lipids : namely, the removal of tripalmitin (TP), palmitic acid (PA) and lard by sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (DBS), dodecyl heptaethyleneoxide and two commercial detergents, was traced with a quartz crystal microbalance method (QCM). The variations in the frequency 9 MHz QCM and the admittance were recorded. Those variations were interpreted as changes in the apparent weight and viscosity of the lipids on QCM. The conclusions are as follows : 1) The removal process comprises the swelling of lipids by water and detergent and the following removal with different rates depending on the detergent type, concentration and the pH of the solution; 2) With DBS and nonionic surfactants, the removal takes place below the cmcs. With DBS, the removal rate increases with the concentration until it levels off over the cmc, while with the nonionic surfactants, the removal rate increases with the concentration even over the cmcs. These two facts imply that the micelles of DBS do not participate in the removal process, while the micelles of the nonionic surfactants do; 3) Lard shows a removal behavior similar to PA rather than to any mixture of TP and PA; 4) The removal of PA and lard by the two commercial detergents was slow and incomplete compared to the cases where surfactant solution were used.

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We focused our attention on the living support given to the elderly members of a household in Taiwan, from the adult children with close filial affection. In the meantime, the support received from people in the immediate neighborhood was also taken into account. Our efforts in this direction were meant to obtain first hand knowledge on the living support for elderly residents. The main results are as follows : (1) From the viewpoint of the filial duty, the adult children residing with their parents abide by the traditional responsibility of looking after the elderly. (2) Where the parents are separated from their married children it is found that, in most cases, both families live relatively within a short distance away, reciprocating the socio-psychological support. (3) Where the physical care of the elderly is needed, both the parents and the children desire to live together so that the elderly is fully looked after by the family. However, there is a tendency of large families being reduced to small families and female members taking up jobs in the working society. Accordingly, the public assistance is even more required to support the family in looking after the elderliness who need to be cared. (4) The relation with the neighborhood is fluid. The elderliness keep playing a positive role in maintaining the mutual life support system in the neighborhood, especially when there is a tendency of a number of people returning to the old neighborhood.

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The purpose of this study was (1) to investigate changes and relationship between individually-dominated space and private and/or public behavior in personal life cycle (PLC), and (2) to develop a housing conceptual framework on the basis of the current Anbang part of communication through connection between “Person-Family” and “Family-Society.” The study involved an investigation of the dwelling history of urban residents from childhood to adulthood (or senescence). The subjects interviewed in the survey were 25 persons in a family council from the southern region of South Korea. The results are summarized as follows. 1) The naming of individually-dominated space is typical of Korea and reflects her tradition. Anbang is of a symbol type and indicates a master and multi-purpose room. My Bang is of a user type and generally indicates a private room while Couple Bang or bedroom indicates a private room specifically used by a married couple. 2) As for the behavior in “Anbang, ” there was a tendency to change from the mixed behavior of public and private to the private behavior in PLC. In the case of “My Bang” and “Couple Bang/bedroom, ” the private behavior was mainly found. Through the change in the PLC, My Bang was mostly found in adolescence, it seemed only hobby behavior in adulthood. 3) There are four plan types : Traditional basic type, Maru (multi-purpose room) center type, Kosil (living room) center type, and the other type. The Traditional basic type is mainly found in childhood, and the Kosil center type is widely found in the adolescence to adulthood of PLC.

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This paper examined the effect of a teacher training program for the junior high school level home economics class. In the training program, the teachers are to observe the activities at nursery schools in order to understand the child development in connection with the role of nursery school. Surveys were made at three periods : prior to, following, and one year after the prescribed observation tour. The major findings are as follows : I. The teachers appraised the role of the nursery school staff as well as that of the nursery school itself much more after having observed the activities. 2. The teachers evaluated one year later that their experience at the observation practice in the training program had helped the early childhood education at their home economics class.

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