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Predecessor
Volume 56, Issue 12
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Aspect with “New Four Time-use Classifications”Setsuko NAKAYAMA, Midori OTAKE, Setsu ITO2005 Volume 56 Issue 12 Pages 843-855
Published: December 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe growing interest in time-use study has led to rapid increases on the global level as a tool to make the unpaid work and gender disparities visible. Recently, many countries in ESCAP region have been making efforts in time-use study. The present study aims to compare “Participation Rate in Activities” among the three countries of Thailand, Cambodia and Japan from the gender aspect. The data was obtained from “The Time Use Survey 2001” by the National Statistical Office of Thailand, “Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey” by the National Institute of Statistics of Cambodia, and “The 2001 Survey on Time Use and Leisure Activities” by the Statistics Bureau of Japan. The new four time-use classifications were applied to the comparison. The results of the study are as follows : (1) The classification employed by the Thai and Cambodian authorities had items and array that are different from the Japanese and Eurostat's counterparts. (2) The tendency of gender difference among the three countries was similar in Participation Rate in Activities. (3) The quality of both the Thai and Cambodian surveys needs to be enhanced.View full abstractDownload PDF (2330K) -
Machiko MINEKI, Nobuko TANAHASHI, Kiyoko TOTSUKA2005 Volume 56 Issue 12 Pages 857-865
Published: December 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA questionnaire survey was conducted in 2001 on the liking for fish by children at day nurseries in 20 cities of Japan. About 70% of the children liked fish, this figure being similar to the results of similar surveys conducted in 1990 and 1996. A similar proportion (about 70%) of the children also liked meat, these likings for fish and meat being significantly correlated (r=0.246, p< 0.05). While the proportion of children who liked meat increased with age, the proportion of those who liked fish decreased with age. The liking of the children for fish was influenced by the food preferences of their mothers and fathers, the geographical location, their sex, the ability to cook fish meals by their mothers and the frequency of eating fish meals. The children's favorite cooking methods for fish were baked, raw and boiled with seasoning.View full abstractDownload PDF (2030K) -
Yumi YAMAGUCHI, Haruhisa YAMAGUCHI2005 Volume 56 Issue 12 Pages 867-877
Published: December 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis is a fundamental study to understand the cognitive decision-making process used to determine the appropriateness in the environment of clothes from the viewpoint of human engineering. We conducted a survey in which subjects were asked to give their impression of various office wear. We analyzed the results in order to systematize the subjective interpretation of the appropriateness of clothes design. We then used the survey to extract evaluation items by the extended evaluation grid method of the personal-construction theory and analyzed statistically the psychological constitutive decision-making process used to determine appropriateness. As a result, we could make an objective cognitive model for interpreting the appropriateness of the construction process of clothes design.View full abstractDownload PDF (1860K) -
Yuki KOHAMA, Satoshi USHIDA, Toshika UENO, Kaori TANIMITSU2005 Volume 56 Issue 12 Pages 879-888
Published: December 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIndirubin dyeing with fresh leaves of Polygonum tinctorium under acidic conditions was investigated. In the case that indoxyl was oxidized under acidic conditions below pH 2, a significant amount of indirubin was yielded in addition to indigo. By applying the results to dyeing, the following new methods of indirubin dyeing with Polygonum tinctorium were established : 1) Dyeing with the fresh leaves in the presence of ethanol (20%) under strong acidic conditions; 2) Dyeing with the precipitate of indigo and indirubin which was produced by hydrolysis of indican from the fresh leaves with citric acid (0.5-1.5 mol/l) at an elevated temperature; 3) Dyeing in an acidic solution of indican from the fresh leaves at an elevated temperature; and 4) Dyeing in a cooled solution of indican which was heated with citric acid. In the case of 4), in addition to silk, cotton could also be dyed purple. Methods 2), 3), and 4) are par-ticularly useful because indirubin can be dyed only with fresh leaves of indigo plants and citric acid.View full abstractDownload PDF (1701K) -
Teruo NAKASHIMA, Yumiko NAKANO, Yuezhen BIN, Masaru MATSUO2005 Volume 56 Issue 12 Pages 889-897
Published: December 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis research focused on the development of recyclable materials by using chitin and chitosan obtained from shells of crab, shrimp and lobster. The fabrication of chitin and chitosan films was investigated is terms of their mechanical properties and biodegradation. The tensile strength of chitin films was 30-40% lower than that of chitosan films, but the crystallinity of chitin film was much higher than that of chitosan films. The crystallinity and orientation of crystallites were hardly affected by the four kinds of solvent chosen to cast chitosan films, but a detailed analysis revealed that the cast film prepared with acetic acid provided slightly lower crystallinity than others. The degradation rate of chitin films by Sphingobacterium multivorum, a kind of decomposition bacteria separated from soil, was higher in comparison with the chitosan films. The degradation rate of chitosan samples prepared with acetic acid was the highest, followed in order by the films prepared with propionic acid, formic acid and butyric acid. SEM observation revealed that the degradation of chitosan films was followed by exfoliation of chitosan fibrils from the film surface.View full abstractDownload PDF (5419K) -
Satoshi USHIDA, Takako TERADA, Tomoko FUKUMOTO, Yuki KOHAMA2005 Volume 56 Issue 12 Pages 899-902
Published: December 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy squeezing the fresh leaves of sacatinta (Justicia spicigera Schlecht), which grows in Central America, a brilliant purple solution is obtained. Thus produced colorant will dye cotton fabrics blue. Herein, the properties and dyeing behavior of the colorant from the plant, which is unfamiliar to Japanese, were investigated. The color of the colorant which was rapidly developed from the colorless solution of the leaves was stable to alkali but changed with acid. The color of the solution faded under a sealed condition and reappeared when exposed to air, indicating that the colorant is reduced by some reducing substance in the leaves. However, the colorless precursor in the fresh leaves was found not to be the reduced form of the colorant. A variety of fabrics, including cotton, could be dyed blue to purple with the squeeze of sacatinta. Three colorants were detected from the extract of the dyed fabrics by HPLC analysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (734K) -
Hirohiko WASHIYA, Akio SAITO2005 Volume 56 Issue 12 Pages 903-908
Published: December 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDesign and safety of the heel plays an important role in the construction of woman's shoes. When troubles such as braking and cracking of heels occur during walking, the heel makers are responsible for paying compensatory damages. Therefore, it is necessary to control the heel strength. The performance of a commercially available heel fatigue tester which utilizes continuous small impacts is excellent. However, several hours are needed to test one heel. As the designs of women's shoes are constantly changing and production periods are short, and it is necessary to determine the break characteristics of heels in a short time. We have developed a new instrument for the determination of heel strength and conducted research on how to make quick judgments on the brake characteristics of heels. Combined with the practical characteristics determined by the heel maker, the measurement method was applied to the improvement of heel strength, the optimization of production cost, the product design, quality control, and the development of new products. At present, some heel makers utilize the developed heel tester to judge the performance. If the strength is lower than safety standards permit, the shipment of the products will be stopped and the design of the product will be changed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1051K) -
A Case Study of Nahari Town in Kochi PrefectureYoichi MIURA2005 Volume 56 Issue 12 Pages 909-917
Published: December 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study investigated the development and modernization of Nahari, a country town rich in historical townscape in Kochi prefecture. From around the latter part of the 16th century, people began to settle around Nahari Castle, and the early part of the modern age was the formative period of this country town. Still later, the town became a sort of small city in an agricultural area as merchants built their homes-cum-stores along the main street, forming a commercial center. In the late 19th century when the Meiji era started, Nahari was still basically a country town. Later, as public and educational facilities were constructed one after another, Nahari became the seat of the municipal government. The start of Nahari as a modern town. In 1916 when Nahari was officially upgraded to a town from a villages, it was one of the most economically developed towns and villages in the eastern region of Kochi prefecture. Most of Nahari's contemporary structures date from that period to 1940s.View full abstractDownload PDF (2051K)
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