Journal of Home Economics of Japan
Online ISSN : 1882-0352
Print ISSN : 0913-5227
ISSN-L : 0913-5227
Volume 63, Issue 5
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
  • Tamami KANEKO, Masako MAEKAWA
    2012 Volume 63 Issue 5 Pages 219-224
    Published: May 15, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: October 09, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    It takes 3 years to make the astringent juice of persimmons that contain mainly persimmon tannin for use in dyeing. Fabrics dyed with the juice deepen with time, and a large amount of energy is expended to more rapidly obtain deeply colored fabrics by artificial means, for example, by heating. A speedy method for extracting persimmon tannin from persimmons has recently been developed. We used this persimmon tannin in this study to make dying easier, and examined the effect of sodium acetate as an agent to promote the adhesion of the tannin to fabrics. The absorption spectrum of the dyeing bath containing persimmon tannin showed a broad peak at 450nm; however, this peak disappeared and the absorption at around 500nm increased when sodium acetate was added. This effect was also apparent in the K/S spectrum of fabrics dyed by persimmon tannin in the absence or presence of sodium acetate. In addition, higher K/S values for the dyed fabrics were shown, and the L* values in the CIE L* a* b* system were lower than those without sodium acetate. The results show that sodium acetate had a promoting effect on the adhesion of the tannin to the fabrics. This effect was greater than that at room temperature when the persimmon tannin dyeing bath was prepared with boiled water and dyeing was carried out at 70°C.
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  • Shifts in Practice and Discourse
    Rie MORI, Ayumi SAKURAI
    2012 Volume 63 Issue 5 Pages 225-236
    Published: May 15, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: October 09, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Based on an examination of books on hand-knitting published during the first half of the twentieth century, the authors observed three major trends.First, the repertoire of items that Japanese people knitted by hand, such as accessories and innerwear, gradually expanded to include various types of garments. Moreover, in the 1920s, there was an increase in the types of tools and in the variety of imported and domestic yarns used for knitting.Secondly, the authors determined that there were two periods when hand-knitting flourished: the first phase dates from the latter half of the 1880s to the early 1900s, and the second phase dates from the 1920s to the early 1930s.Third, the discourse on hand-knitting shifted over time. From the 1900s, hand-knitting was appreciated from a practical and economical viewpoint, and then from the 1910s to 1920s it was also regarded from an aesthetic and technical point of view. After the 1920s movement to ‘make good use of leisure time’ and ‘create an artistic home,’ hand-knitting came to be seen as one of the duties women should engage in.Throughout the mid-twentieth century, connections between hand-knitting and femininity were strengthened by this discourse.
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  • Xiumin ZHANG, Toru NAKAYAMA
    2012 Volume 63 Issue 5 Pages 237-246
    Published: May 15, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: October 09, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    From 9th November to 4th December, 2009, we conducted interviews and investigations with regard to the twenty-two housekeeping companies in Changchun. The research purpose of this article is to clarify the present condition of services for the elderly provided by the housekeeping companies.The results are as follows: The range of elderly services includes catering services featuring balanced-nutrition, changing of bed linen, general washing and cleaning, shopping assistance, monitoring of the indoor environment especially the temperature, humidity, ventilation and so forth. In addition, there were also services such as accompanying the elderly on outings, dining assistance, bathing, massages, rehabilitation, treatment of physical injuries, taking body temperature, blood pressure and pulse, emergency treatment and counselling services. There were 892 cases of elderly people utilizing the services provided, which accounted for 14.3% of all the services provided by the housekeeping companies. Moreover, services for the elderly make up 6-30% of all services provided by the twenty-two housekeeping companies.What is more, there is no standard service charge. Instead, charges can be adjusted and negotiated by the service provider and the customer based on the service provider’s qualifications, training certificates, experience and ability.
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  • Katsura OMORI, Kinuyo KUROKAWA
    2012 Volume 63 Issue 5 Pages 247-255
    Published: May 15, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: October 09, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study investigates how table manners are passed down within American families, especially by young and middle-aged parents who are both busy working and child-rearing. We distributed questionnaires which required answers to how table manners were taught in their childhood and how they taught table manners to their own children. We analyzed the answers of forty three respondents aged between 20 and 49. The table manners were assigned to six categories, the respondents valuing interpersonal manners and aesthetic manners the most. It was suggested that Americans valued table manners because they were important in developing social skills. The respondents considered that their discipline was more relaxed compared to their parents’ generation, due to families being a lot busier and their lives in general becoming more casual and individualized than before. The results of ANOVA suggested that eating meals together played an important role in passing down table manners.
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  • Katsuroku TAKAHASHI, Takako INOUE, Kei NAKAMURA, Akemi TOMITA
    2011 Volume 63 Issue 5 Pages 257-265
    Published: May 15, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 09, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Heat transfer through the roof of a test room has been investigated to ascertain the comfortability of a thatched house. The heat transfer coefficient of the roof was determined from the heat transfer rate through the roof and the temperature difference between both surfaces of the roof. The heat transfer rate was calculated from the amount of heat transfer from the test room, which was determined from the flow rate and the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of hot water circulated through the test room as the heat source, by taking into account the heat transfer through the room walls. Several types of roofs were examined, namely, a roof consisting of Japanese pampas grass packed between two sheets of thin plywood, a roof packed with lawn grass, a roof packed with fallen leaves and a roof consisting of alternating layers of plywood and air space. The heat transfer resistance of roofs with the packing materials is very large, and the heat insulating ability of the packing materials is comparable to that of glass wool or foam styrene. The heat transfer resistances calculated on the basis of the heat conduction and the heat radiation for the roof consisting of alternative layers of plywood and air space and the roof packed with fallen leaves agreed with the experimental values, which indicates that the large heat transfer resistance of the roof with packing materials (the thatched roof) comes from controlling the radiation with the packing materials.
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