45年度産の8地区, 24品種の米飯について, ヒステリシス曲線, 緩和曲線歪一時間曲線等を求め, これらを解析して得たレオロジカルな物性と味との関係を調査研究した.
1. 各米飯は弾性, 塑性, 破壊, 付着性等を示す固有のヒステリシス曲線を描き, これらは品種, 産地, 軟, 硬質等によりおおむね四つのパターンに分類することができた.
2. 各米飯は降伏点荷重340～660g, ヤング率0.71～2.01×10⁵dyne/cm², 塑性仕事量1.13～1.45×10⁶erg, 付着エネルギー1.75～6.12×10⁴erg, 緩和時間6.0～14.1秒, 弾力性23.4～71.0%等を示した.
3. 軟質米米飯の物性はおおむねヤング率1.28×10⁵dyne/cm2以下, 塑性仕事量1.34×10⁶erg以下, 弾力性45%以下, また付着エネルギー4.37×10⁴erg以上, 総歪19.0%以上を示し, 軟質米, 硬質米の米飯の相違はきわめて顕著であった.
4. ヤング率, 付着エネルギー, 総歪, 弾力性等の味順位に対する相関係数は, それぞれ0.903, -0.932, -0.870, 0.872を示し, 品種産地等による米飯のレオロジカルな物性相違から米飯の味の良否を知ることができる.
本報告は昭和45年度文部省科学研究費交付金により行なったが, 今後さらに多数の試料について検討を加えたいと考えている.

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1) 牛乳の加熱によって生じる皮膜を捨て去ることによってどの程度栄養素を損失するかを知るために1回目および2回目に生成される皮膜成分について検討した.
2) 皮膜採取は一定の条件下で行なったにもかかわらず, 1回に生成される皮膜重量は1.26g～2.30gでこのような差異はごくわずかな火力調節の差に基づくものと考えられる.
3) 皮膜の除去によって失われる栄養素の量はたん白質は2.8%～4.0%で平均3.3%, 脂質は2.2%～3.7%で平均3.0%, カルシウムは2.2%～4.1%で平均3.0%, ビタミンAは3.0%～3.9%で平均3.5%, ビタミンB₁は1.2%～1.9%で, 平均1.5%, ビタミンB₂は1.0%～1.8%で平均1.3%であった.
4) 上述の結果から皮膜の除去に伴う栄養素の損失は問題にならない程度ということができる.

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β-カロチンに対するレアスコルビン酸の影響をアスコルビン酸自動酸化過程に生起されるフリーラジカル生成系を主体に検討し, 次の結果を得た.
1. L-アスコルビン酸はβ-カロチンを分解する.
2. L-アスコルビン酸はH₂O₂の存在下にβ-カロチンを著しく分解する.
3. 遷移金属Fe²⁺およびFe³⁺はいずれもL-アスコルビン酸によるβ-カロチンの分解を促進する.
4.フェントン系 (Fe²⁺-H₂O₂) はL-アスコルビン酸によるβ-カロチンの分解を著しく促進する.
5.レアスコルビン酸, Fe²⁺のβ-カロチンの分解に対してEDTAは抑制効果をもつ.

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Fungal α-amylases have widely been used in the line of the foods, beverages and drugs. However, their distribution pattern within the fungal cells or the mechanism of their secretion from the cells has remained to be clarified.
Recently the authors have studied the secretion mechanism of α-amylase from the cells of Aspergillus oryzae, and concluded that it is necessary to clarify the chemical nature of the enzyme.
In this report, the behavior of a-amylase obtained from the culture broth of Asp. oryzae was compared with purified Taka-amylase A by means of ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Asp. oryzae strain M-13 was cultivated as follows : spore suspension containing 4×10⁷ cells was inoculated into peptone-starch medium and incubated at 28°C for 4 days using rotary shaker.
Crude extracellular enzyme preparation was obtained by concentrating the culture broth in vacuo, followed by dialysis and centrifugation. The final supernatant solution was further purified by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. The final eluate from the column contained electrophoretically homogeneous α-amylase.
This purified α-amylase preparation was identical with crystalline Taka-amylase A in its behavior in ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration and disc electrophoresis.
The molecular weight determined by SDS disc electrophoresis was 53, 000 for both purified α-amylase and Taka-amylase A. Furthermore, it was suggested that the molds closely related to Asp. oryzae secreted the same types of a-amylase.

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The characteristics of various pigments as found in the aqueous detergent solutions with non-ionic surfactants were investigated at different temperatures lower and higher than the cloud point. The characteristics studied were suspendability, deposition onto clean fabrics, and detachability from deposited fabrics. The following results were obtained.
1. Below the cloud point of the surfactant solutions, the curves of the suspendability of pigments versus the concentration of the surfactant disclosed two types of the suspendability. Over the cloud point, the solutions were separated into the upper water phase and the lower surfactant phase. Practically all particles of pigment dispersed only in one of the two liquid phases; that is, hydrophobic pigments were observed in the upper phase and hydrophilic ones in the lower phase.
2. The comparison of the suspensions of hydrophilic carbon black (treated with damp ozone) and hydrophobic carbon black (untreated) revealed that more hydrophilic carbon black deposited onto the clean fabrics placed in the suspension. The amount of deposition increased as the temperature rose.
3. More pigments deposited were removed from the soiled fabrics at higher temperatures. This temperature effect was rather apparent with hydrophobic pigments.

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The object of this paper is to obtain the fundamental information on the fluorescent brightening treatment effective in non-aqueous solvent. Several fluorescent brightening agents (FBA) which belong to the direct type dye in the triazinylstilbene series were picked out and their brightening effects on rayon fabrics were investigated, by using perchloroethylene as a solvent and by changing the small amount of water in the solvent, concentration of FBA, and the length of dyeing time. The effect was determined by the reflectance of the fabrics and compared with the effect obtained by employing the aqueous solution of FBA.
Main results obtained were as follows :
1) When FBA was dissolved in the immiscible mixture of perchloroethylene and small amount of water, the concentration of FBA in the water phase was extremely high relative to that in the perchloroethylene phase.
2) Surface reflectance of the treated fabrics increased with the small amount of water added to the perchloroethylene.
3) As the small amount of the water in perchloroethylene increased, the dye concentration that had the fluorescent brightening effect definitely extended towards higher concentrations.
4) Scarcely any difference in the brightening effect was observed between 30 min. and 60 min. treatments.
5) More powerful brightening effects were obtained by perchloroethylene than by aqueous system at the same level of low concentration of the dye.

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1) MEBAはMBAより防しわ効果が大きい.これはMEBAがメチレンエーテル結合を持っているため, MBAのメチレン結合より, 分子が可撓性であること, および二重結合間の距離が長いことなどのために, 架橋効果がよいためであろう.
2) MEBA加工布は, 未処理布に比較して, 乾燥防しわ度で約1.8倍, 湿潤防しわ度で約1.4倍の効果があった.
3) MEBA加工布の乾燥強度は未処理布の約90%, 湿潤強度は約100～110%であった.また剛軟度は未処理布の約80%であった.
4) 防しわ機構は, MEBAがレーヨン布のセルロース繊維中に単に充てんしているのではなくて, セルロースの-OHと架橋反応を行なっているためと思われる.

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A comparative study was carried out on the anti-bacterial activities of the tissue paper sanitized with Chlorhexidine, Nitrofurane, Hyamine and Sanitized SQ, respectively, against Escherichia coli NIHJ and Staphylococcus aureus 209 P.
The results obtained were as follows :
(1) The tissue paper sanitized with Chlorhexidine and Nitrofurane respectively was proved to be effective against both Escherichia coli NIHJ and Staphylococcus aureus 209 P.
(2) The tissues sanitized with Hyamine were effective only against Staphylococcus aureus 209 P.
(3) Those sanitized with Sanitized SQ were somewhat effective against Staphylococcus aureus 209 P but ineffective against Escherichia coli NIHJ.
(4) The anti-bacterial activities of sanitized tissues decreased in sunlight; especially those sanitized with Nitrofurane lost their activities not only by direct sunlight or ultraviolet rays but also even by indoor light. Therefore special care should be given to the packaging and storage of the sanitized tissue paper in order to maintain its anti-bacterial properties.

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In Japanese hand-sewing technics, six different ways are used to end the stitches. Usually we Japanese have used these conventional methods without any consideration for their scientific effectiveness. The object of this paper is to examine these methods scientifically and improve the technics of hand-sewing.
cloth : rough cotton summer clothes for males thread : 30/3^s, 26/2^s, 20/3^s cotton sample pieces tested : 180 pieces testing machine used : Shopper Tensile Test Machine manufactured by Shimazu Seisakusho Co.
The maximum load applied on the ending point was measured for each kind of ending and thread when the thread and/or cloth broke and the seam was torn apart 1 cm. Significant differences were observed among the results.
1) The results obtained for threads : The largest load was obtained with 30/3^s, the second largest with 20/3^s, and the smallest with 26/2^s.
2) The results obtained for different methods : “Sukuikaeshidome” (A), “sukuidome” (B), “kaeshidome” (C), and “hitoharikaeshidome” (F) wereeffective, but “musubidome” (D) and “uchidome” (E) were not effective. No significant differences were observed between A and B, A and C, A and F, B and C, B and D, B and F, and C and F. On the other hand significant differences were observed between A and D, A and E, C and E, B and E, C and D, and E and F.
The finish of the stitches has two independent requisitions : strength and speed. Methods A, B, C, and F satisfy the former requisition and D and E satisfy the latter. Hence it may be concluded that two types of methods should be used appropriately to fulfil the requirements.

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In the new central system of cleaning rooms which the authors have supported, the blower of the cleaner is installed outside the rooms. Consequently not only we do not have to carry around the whole heavy electric vaccum cleaner but also we can operate without noises of the blower in the house.
Noises made by the new central cleaning system is compared with those by the ordinary electric vacuum cleaner. The results are as follows.
1) The NC-value of 71 was obtained in the room by the blower of the ordinary electric vacuum cleaner. In the case of the new cleaning system the noises made in the room are only of the suction nozzle, and the NC-value of the suction nozzle for the floors was 51. This value does not disturb ordinary conversations.
2) The frequency of the sound of the blower that had the highest level of the loudness was about 3200 c/s (67 decibel) in the case of the electric vacuum cleaner. The noises having this frequency are very much harmful to the sense of hearing of the human beings. In the case of the central cleaning system, the frequency of the sound that had the highest loudness level was about 500 c/s (50 decibel) for the suction nozzle for floors. This frequency does not have bad effect on the sense of hearing.

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1) 農繁期の余暇時間は年代差が小さく, いずれも1時間内外である.農閑期のそれは年代が高まるほど増加し, 年代別農外就労者率と高い逆相関関係にある.
2) すべての年代で, 余暇時問は9月, 7月, 11月の順に多くなるが, 余暇の少ない年代ほど季節差が小さい.
3) 余暇時間量の午前・午後・夜への配分率や余暇時間帯は, 年代により, 時期により異なってくるが, 共通点は, 配分率が夜にもっとも高いことと, 夜が主要な余暇時間帯になっていることである.
4) 余暇時間の少ないグループほど「余暇なし」の比率が高く, 余暇を持っている者では少ない余暇時間区分段階に集中している.
5) 農村主婦は, 都市主婦の2分の1ないし3分の2の余暇しか持っていない.
6) 余暇時間の少ない年代ほど, そして時期ほど, 満足感は低く, さらに都市主婦の数倍の不満足者がいる.
7) 余暇時間が120分未満のグループに満足感は低く, 300分以上は全員が満足感をもっていた.不満足者はあと1時間から1時間30分の余暇を希望している.

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1) 日常行なわれているおもな余暇利用法は, 「テレビ」, 「休養・昼寝」, 「新聞」, 「, 子供の世話や相手」, 「家事」, 「裁縫・編物」, 「家族団欒」などで, 生活時間調査で分類される余暇行動と, 意識されている余暇行動の問にはズレが生じている.また, 意識と実態の問にもかなりのくいちがいがありそうである.
2) 午後は「休養」で, 夜は「テレビ」, 「家族団欒」「子供の相手」で過ごされ, 午前はとくに余暇時間帯とはいえない.季節により時間帯の利用法に若干の差がある.
3) 農村主婦は余暇利用法の種類に乏しく, 休養的・労働的・集団的・家族的である.都市主婦は教養的・趣味的・個人的である.余暇意識発展段階説からすると, 農村主婦の方がより低い段階に位置している.
4) 農村主婦で注目すべきことは, 講習会, 旅行などの農協婦人部活動参加者が多く, かつ, よい余暇利用として認めていることである.
5) 以上を通して, 農村主婦の余暇生活に対する消極的姿勢に着目し, 余暇を積極的に活用できる姿勢を身につけることが, 間接的には労働生活の改善へもアプローチできるのではないであろうか, という感を抱いた.

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