Circulatory and respiratory function of the thalamus was studied in 25 dogs and the following results were obtained.
(1) Marked elevation of arterial blood pressure was observed by the stimulation of the midline nuclei group and medial nuclei group. Stimulating the anterior nuclei group, slight vasopressor responses were found. But the stimulation of the ventral and lateral nuclei group caused little change in blood pressure.
(2) The standard and intraatrial lead of electrocardiogram showed marked acceleration of cardiac rate and various arrhythmias such as nodal extrasystole or escape and ventricular extrasystole etc. by the stimulation of the midline and medial nuclei group and some portions of the anterior nuclei group. These ventricular extrasystoles were divided into 2 groups according to their characteristics in EKG and the regions causing each of them were also discussed. The stimulation of the ventral and lateral nuclei group scarcely resulted in any disturbances of the cardiac rhythm.
(3) Acceleration of breathing was shown on the stimulation of the midline, medial and ventral nuclei group. All cases of the anterior nuclei stimulation elicited marked inhibition of respiration.
(4) Other visceral and somatic changes such as pupillodilatation, erection of hair, urinary or fecal incontinence and convulsion were observed upon the stimulation of various regions in the thalamus, but they occurred most prominently on the midline and medial nuclei stimulation.
From the data above-mentioned, it can be concluded that the stimulation of the medial part of the thalamus-midline and medial nuclei group-results in marked changes in circulation, respiration and other autonomic functions. Furthermore, considering the anatomical relationship between the thalamic nuclei and the higher autonomic centers, it seems that the autonomic representation in the thalmus locates in this portion.

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(1) A simple new recording apparatus for R.I. was deviced and its usefulness was discussed.
(2) Using this apparatus, hepatic blood flow was determined in 152 cases by Au198 colloid method.
(3) Simultaneous determinations of Au198 disappearance rate constant at periphery (Kp and KH) and accumulation rate constant in the liver (KL) were made in various diseases, such as liver cirrhosis and congestive heart failure etc.
(4) Similar examination is also made after rapid blood transfusion or administration of various drugs, including epinephrine, norepinephrine etc.
(5) The K value decreased in congestive heart failure and liver cirrhosis. An increase in the K value was observed in accordance with an increased cardiac output.
(6) An advantage of this method and its clinical significance were dis-cussed.

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Continuous analysis of expired alveolar CO₂ tension, using a rapid infrared meter, was made in 10 normal subjects, and 20 patients with chronic pulmonary diseases. An analytical method similar to that previously described by Sivertson and Fowler was used. Arterial blood was sampled and arterial CO₂ tension was measured in 17 patients simultaneously with expired alveolar CO₂. Right heart catheterization was carried out in 38 patients with pulmonary emphysema.
(1) In many patients, the resting end-tidal CO₂ tension was frequently less than normal. In both normal subjects and patients, the upward slope of alveolar CO₂ tension decreased toward the end of forced expiration. However, in patients with emphysema a larger rate of increase in expired alveolar CO₂ tension, smaller expired volumes and the prolonged duration of forced expiration were observed. In patients, the apparent values of the difference between mixed venous and alveolar CO₂ tension were large and the percentage rates of decrease in the difference were normal. This probably indicates that perfusion is not reduced in the overventilated alveoli of the emphysematous lung. These results well coincided with Fowler's observations.
(2) In cases of pulmonary emphysema, the mean rates of increase in expired alveolar CO₂ tension observed during a forced expiration after hyperventilation, remained similar to those observed during a forced expiration after normal breathing. An expiratory level was elevated in patients with emphysema during hyperventilation. Within the succeeding forced expiration, airway resistance and pulmonary pressure must have been increased, consequently the ratio of pulmonary blood flow per alveolar lung volume should be reduced.
(3) In many patients, the endtidal CO₂ tension was lower than the arterial
CO₂ tension, but the maximal CO₂ tension of the forced expiration following
normal breathing equaled or slightly exceeded the arterial CO₂ tension.
On the other hand, the measured arterial CO₂ tension never exceeded the
estimated mixed venous CO₂ tension significantly.
(4) In pulmonary emphysema, the elevated values of mixed venous CO₂ tension well correlated with the degree of pulmonary hypertension. This correlation is proposed for the use in estimating the pulmonary hypertension from the value of expired alveolar CO₂ tension in patients with a mixed venous CO₂ tension of more than 55mm. Hg.

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(1) After intravenous administration of insulin, serial observations of electrocardiograms with blood pressure, blood sugar, and serum potassium concentration were made and in order to clarify the underlying mechanisms of the resulting electrocardiographic changes, similar observations after administration of insulin together with infusion of KCl solution or with hexamethonium injection and after subcutaneous administration of adrenalin were also made.
(2) Among the various electrocardiographic changes observed after insulin injection, flattening of the Twave was the most marked and frequent, and was closely related to the serum K level especially in the earlier part of each experiment. Moreover, the Twave changes were abolished partially or completely by KCl infusion.
(3) In the cases with hypoglycemic reactions in the insulin experiment, time courses of the Twave height and serum K concentration seemed to follow uneven curves and hypopotassemia was severe and prolonged. From these results and the results of the adrenalin experiment and hexamethonium-insulin experiment, it was concluded that adrenalin released with hypoglycemic reactions contributed to the insulin-induced hypopotassemia in the later part of the insulin experiment.
(4) In most cases with hypoglycemic reactions in the insulin experiment, maximal change in the Twave preceded that in serum K, which indicated that the Twave changes produced by insulin could not be explained by the hypopotassemia alone.
(5) Nature of the Tvector changes after administration of insulin and mechanisms of the hypopotassemic action of adrenalin and insulin were discussed.

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(1) The respiratory functions were investigated by metabulator in 25 Fig.10. The irregularity of the depth of respiration before and after adminis-tration of Bellergal.
(2) The depth of respiration was irregular in NCA, while it was regular in the healthy.
(3) As an index for irregularity of the depth of respiration, the value of its standard deviation divided by the mean value of the depth in the respiratory curves may be used.
(4) The index for irregularity was significantly greater in NCA than in the healthy.
(5) The sigh was observed in some patients.
(6) The slope of respiratory curves recorded by mctabulator was usually smooth and linear in the healthy. In NCA it was irregular and fluctuating.
(7) When the patient was stimulated by some methods, deepening of a breath was observed.
(8) No particular difference was observed in the tidal volume between the healthy and patients.
(9) The respiratory minute volume was a little smaller in NCA than in the healthy.
(10) In some patients, the ventilatory equivalent exceeded the upper normal limit. This means poor efficiency to take up oxygen in NCA.
(11) The augmentation of the respiratory minute volume after exercise did not differ in the healthy and patients.
(12) The above mentioned findings were seen in most cases of the patients.
(13) These findings were observed in patients who had no respiratory discomfort or at the period when the patients had no respiratory complaints.
(14) The neurocirculatory asthenia has no specific findings to serve for its diagnosis. However, the irregularity of the depth of respiration, sighs, and higher value of the ventilation equivalent seem to be useful for the diagnostic criteria of the disease.
(15) The index of the standard deviation divided by mean value of the depth of respiration reduced after administration of Bellergal, when it was high before, and may be used for evaluation of the effects of various drugs for NCA. It may be useful also for an objective measure for the seriousness of the disease.

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(1) A theory has been derived from analysis of the factors shaping the dilution curve in the multiple volume compartments, assuming that injected dye moves in the plasma, according to its concentration difference between the compartments.
(2) From the theoretical analysis of disappearance coefficient, it has been clarified that a) dilution process during a period of 10 minutes to 1-2 hours was governed by the mixing of dye with the plasma and removal of dye from the blood stream, b) during this period mixing was performed completely in a great number of normal individuals, whereas mixing was still in process in some patients with congestive heart failure, c) plasma volume estimated by one exponential extrapolation of dilution curve covering a period of 10 minutes to 1-2 hours was considered as the values of "space, " and d) the 10-minute method of Gregersen is useful as a simple method, but the values thus obtained do not represent the true plasma volume.
(3) This theory offers an actual determination of plasma volume and the stagnant plasma volume. This appeared to be very useful clinically in case of congestive heart failure.

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A patient is described in whom an aneurysm of the right coronary sinus of Valsalva had ruptured into the left ventricle. This is believed to be the second report of such a case as far as we know.

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(1) Two cases of ventricular septal defect with aortic insufficiency were presented.
(2) The diagnosis was confirmed at autopsy in both cases. In one case, an associated right aortic arch and anomalous left subclavian artery were also noticed.
(3) Differentiation of this lesion from similar conditions, especially those of the patent ductus arteriosus, ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva and aortic septal defect, was discussed.

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A case of massive occlusion of the main pulmonary artery and its branches was reported, A case of this type is quite rare because of the long duration of the process from the initial episode.
The pulmonary artery occlusion in this case was considered to be derived from the leg vein thrombosis.

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