1. Precordial low-frequency vibrocardiograms were studied in 32 patients with aortic insufficiency.
2. Each deflection of the apical tracing had a definite correlation with the clinical status of the left ventricular overloading. With the severity of the disease an atrial upstroke increased, an ejection downstroke decreased and a mid-systolic abnormal outward movement (bulge) appeared or increased. Grades of apex beat had also a correlative relationship with the functional status of this disease.
3. The difference of apical tracing between our record and another report in aortic insufficiency was discussed and demonstrated.
4. The atrial deflection of the cases with Austin Flint murmur would supply interesting data, compared with mitral stenosis.

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Epidemiological studies particularly concerned with cardiovascular diseases have been carried out in a selected community of Kyushu Island, Japan, called Hisayama. Of total of 1, 841 residents in this community aged over 40, 1, 658 (90.1 per cent) were examined in blood pressure, electrocardiogram, ocular fundi, total cholesterol in the serum, urinalysis for protein and sugar, and in physical and neurological status. Since November, 1961 when the cross-sectional study was completed, they have been followed as completely as possible in order to confirm their outcomes.
This preliminary report deals with the results obtained up to the present time.
(1) The means of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in males were 128.6/75.5, 137.5/80.5, 151.8/85.1, 158.4/82.3 and 161.0/81.9mm.Hg, in the 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and the 8th decade, respectively. In females, they were 127.0/73.8, 136.5/78.0, 151.6/83.4 and 169.8/84.6mm. Hg. They were somewhat lower than those reported in the northern parts of Japan and more similar to those in the populations reported in England and in the U.S.A. The prevalence of hypertension according to WHO criteria was 27.4 per cent in males and 24.9 per cent in females.
(2) When electrocardiographic findings were classified according to the Minnesota Code, 436 out of 719 males (60.6 per cent) and 496 of 934 females, (53.2 per cent) had reportable findings. Axis deviation (Code II, ₁) and high R wave (Code III, ₁) were more common in males than in females but S-T depression (Code IV, _{1, 2, 3}) and T wave changes (Code V, _{1, 2, 3}) were more frequently found in females. Q and QS items (Code I, _{1, 2, 3}), axis deviation, high R wave, and T wave changes were more frequent in hypertensives than in non-hypertensives. The prevalence of Q and QS items were nearly the same between the populations of Yugoslavia and Hisayama, but it was about 3.5 times as much as higher in U.S.A. than in the 2 other populations. On the other hand, no remarkable difference was found in the prevalence of S-T depression and of T wave changes in these populations.
(3) The mean value of serum total cholesterol in 1, 484 subjects was 156.5mg./100ml. and the standard deviation 30.1mg./100ml. It was slightly higher in female (161.1mg./100ml.) than in male (150.5mg./100ml.). Serum cholesterol was significantly increased with blood pressure only in females aged between the 6th and 7th decade.
(4) Retinopathy became progressed as blood pressure increased. In hypertensives, Grade I was found in 141 (36.7 per cent), Grade II in 120 (31.5 per cent), Grade III in 19 (5.0 per cent) and Grade IV in one (0.3 per cent).
(5) Proteinuria was more frequently found in hypertensives than in non-hypertensives. Prevalence of proteinuria in hypertensive females was 19.9 per cent which was significantly higher than that in males (10.0 per cent).
Glycosuria was found in 81 cases (4.1 per cent) among which 58 were proved to be diabetic.
(6) Neurological examinations at the time of cross-sectional study revealed 26 cases with hemiplegia or hemiparesis attributable to CVD (11 in males and 15 in females). The prevalence was approximately 400 per 100, 000 population. There were 5 cases with old myocardial infarction based upon electrocardiographic findings and the histories (3 in males and 2 in females). The prevalence was approximately 77 per 100, 000 population.
(7) In the follow-up study for 18 months starting November 1961 to April 1963, 63 out of 1, 658 subjects (3.2 per cent) moved out of the town and 56 (3.0 per cent) died. Three (0.2 per cent) were not known of their outcomes. Among 56 death cases, 17 (30.4 per cent) underwent postmortem examinations.

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Electrocardiograms on 2, 123 Japanese (1, 611 rural individuals in Chiyoda and 512 urban individuals in Tokyo) over 40 years have been studied. The criteria for electrocardiographic classification by Blackburn et al. were used with some modification. Abnormalities were expressed in terms of percentage for each 10-year age group, and for 3 different blood pressure groups classified by the criteria suggested by WHO, for providing a means of relating incidence to age and hypertension. In Chiyoda, Q wave, left bundle branch block, prolonged PQ interval, and atrial fibrillation were lower in incidence. On the other hand, high voltage, some of ST and T changes and negative U were rather prevalent. The sex difference was frequently observed in incidence of several electrocardiographic findings.

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(1) With an electromagnetic flowmeter, continuous observations of cardiac output were performed in the dog during various cardiovascular reflexes.
(2) The depressor reflex to sinus nerve stimulation was attributable to three separate processes which might occur in the following order: an early decrease in cardiac output with bradycardia due to vagal impulses, a decrease of peripheral resistance, and a late decrease in cardiac output.
(3) The pressor reflex to strong stimulation of a mixed nerve was usually induced by an increase of both peripheral resistance and cardiac output. However, the change in cardiac output was not constant and, when it was present, it appeared later than that in peripheral resistance.
(4) The pressor response to occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries was evoked by an increase of peripheral resistance alone.
(5) It may be concluded that cardiac output and peripheral resistance, two major blood pressure determining factors, may be changed separately in cardiovascular reflexes.

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In spontaneously hypertensive rats (Okamoto and Aoki) effects of various hormones on blood pressure of the animals, whose endocrine organ had been removed and which had maintained normotension, were investigated.
(1) The administration of ACTH, cortisone or thyroid powder to the animals showing normotension by hypophysectomy increased the blood pressure up to the range of hypertension, but the pressure was lower than that before hypophysectomy. Vasopressin had no such effect on the blood pressure.
(2) The administration of cortisone or DCA to the animals showing normotension by adrenalectomy increased the pressure up to the range of hypertension. The administration of thyroid powder slightly raised the blood pressure. Aldosterone and vasopressin had no effect on the blood pressure.
(3) The administration of the thyroid powder to the animals showing normotension by thyroidectomy raised the blood pressure up to the range of hypertension. Cortisone and DCA had no effect on the blood pressure.
(4) The pituitary hypertensive factors are considered to be ACTH and TSH. The adrenal hypertensive factors are chiefly cortisone-like hormones and the thyroid hypertensive factor is the thyroid hormone.
(5) The hypofunction of the thyroid and the adrenals inhibits the development of hypertension and also lowered the hypertension to the normal range. The maintenance of these functions are indispensable for the maintenance of hypertension. Their hyperfunction produces and enhances the hypertension. These functions are presumably controlled by ACTH and TSH from the pituitary.

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(1) An increase in renal blood flow accompanied by the pressor response was often seen upon stimulation in the lateral column and lateral border of the anterior column of the upper dorsal segments. Renal vascular resistance in this response was usually little or only slightly increased. This change might occur due in part to an increase in cardiac output.
(2) Stimulation of the lateral column, lateral border of the anterior column and surface of the transitional zone between the anterior and the posterior column from D₅ to D₁₂ segments resulted in an increase in blood pressure and a decrease in renal blood flow. The latter was attributed to renal vasoconstriction.
(3) Upon stimulation in the spinal cord from D₁₃ to L₃ segments, there usually occurred little cange in both blood pressure and renal blood flow, but in some cases a decrease only in renal blood flow was observed. The existence of nerves affecting mainly the renal blood vessels was suggested.
(4) Upon stimulation in the posterior column from D₁ to L₃ segments, no changes were usually observed in blood pressure and renal blood flow.
(5) In case of the complete transection of the spinal cord, the results of stimulation of the spinal cord from D₅ to L₃ segments were almost similar to those without transection, although the changes in both blood pressure and renal blood flow were usually decreased. In addition, biphasic and triphasic responses observed in the latter experiment were never seen in the former.

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The cases of 2 sisters with polymorphic and polytopic ventricular extrasystoles are reported. One has syncopal attacks particularly in combination with "tachycardie paroxystique a excitable" as was described by Gallavardin. The mother and a brother succumbed to sudden heart attack very likely as a result of the same disturbance.

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(1) An adult patient with diffuse endocardial fibroelastosis with chronic congestive heart failure is presented.
(2) The characteristic finding in this case is the marked right atrial dilatation with the contracted ventricles. The ascites was observed to be the first sign of congestive heart failure, which dominated the clinical picutre.

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