(1) Twenty-one cases of chronic renal insufficiency were analyzed in respect to the gallop rhythm.
(2) Grave prognostic significance was re-evaluated in cases with kidney gallop based on the clinical, laboratory and pathological examinations, particularly in cases with primary renal lesion.
(3) In addition to atrial gallop due to systolic overloading of left ventricle, protodiastolic gallop due to relative diastolic overloading was also common as the kidney gallop, giving a graver prognostic significance.
(4) For the pathogenesis of kidney gallop, particularly for the protodiastolic one, suggestion was given that some metabolic factors due to renal dysfunction participate in the pathogenesis. These are thought to have an important role to cause the relative diastolic overloading of the left ventricle in uremic status.

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H³-epinephrine or H3-norepinephrine was administered to rabbits or patients treated with reserpine, α-methyl DOPA, nialamide and dexamethasone, and the following findings were observed.
(1) In rabbits pretreated with reserpine, the myocardial level of H³-epinephrine was significantly lower, but plasma level of it was only slightly lower than that of the control. Furthermore, in one patient suffering from essential hypertension treated with reserpine, the plasma level of H³-epinephrine and the rate of disappearance of it from plasma were almost similar to that of the control patient.
(2) In rabbits pretreated with α-methyl DOPA, the contents of H³-epinephrine in plasma and myocardium were significantly lower. However, that of H³-metanephrine and H³-acidic metabolites in both plasma and myocardium were not significantly lower or unchanged. With regard to H³-norepinephrine, the similar findings were obtained. The rate of disappearance of H³-epinephrine was more rapid in rabbits and patients treated with α-methyl DOPA, while that of its metabolites was not different from the control. The urinary excretion of H³-epinephrine and its metabolites was lower than that of the control.
(3) In the group pretreated with α-methyl DOPA in combination with reserpine, the myocardial level and also the plasma level of H³-epinephrine were lower.
(4) In rabbits pretreated with nialamide or dexamethasone, the levels of H³-epinephrine and its metabolites in plasma and myocardium were all lower than that of the control, except for the level of H3-metanephrine in myocardium. Especially, the change in plasma was more prominent than that in myocardium.
(5) From the results of clinical studies in 5 patients, it seemed that there was no correlation between the level of plasma H³-epinephrine and the degree of hypertensive or heart rate increasing response to H³-epinephrine, and that the hypertensive response to H³-epinephrine was greater in hypertensive patients than in non-hypertensive patients.

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Eight cases of levocardia are reported. Case 1 was mixed levocardia with atrial inversion and its electrocardiogram showed a change in the direction of PI, W.P.W. syndrome and ectopic pace maker. Necropsy revealed unusually complex cardiac anomalies and accessory spleen. A change in the direction of PI was also present in other 2 cases. Case 2 was cor biloculare with asplenism. Case 6 was truncus arteriosus, complete common atrioventricular canal, and asplenism. Case 7 was ostium primum defect with double spleens. Attention is drawn to a change in the direction of the P_I and possible discrepancy between the direction of PI and atrial position in levocardia.

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(1) In anesthetized dogs the kidney was perfused in situ by another dog and the cardiovascular effects of alterations in pressure in the kidney have been investigated.
(2) Elevated perfusion pressure with intact renal outflow (mean pressure between 120 and 300mm.Hg) infrequently produced a fall in systemic arterial pressure of the recipient; in 3 out of 9 dogs, systemic pressure decreased more than 10%; in 6 dogs, there was little or no effect.
(3) The increment in perfusion pressure with simultaneous occlusion of the renal vein caused systemic hypotension more effectively than without. In this series, a significant lowering in systemic pressure was obtained in the physiological range of perfusion pressure. The effects were ordinarily potentiated by sinus nerve denervation and abolished by splanchnicectomy.
(4) It is concluded that minor but reproducible decrease in systemic arterial pressure is reflexly elicited by increasing pressure in the kidney. Renal venous pressure plays an important role in this response.

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Effect of chronic electrical stimulation of diencephalon on blood pressure was studied in rabbits with and without unilateral renal artery constriction which has been considered to be an insufficient condition to produce permanent hypertension in rabbits. In only 2 of 9 intact rabbits with the stimulation alone, gradual elevation of blood pressure was recognized beginning about 30 days after initiation of the stimulation and reaching levels of 40mm.Hg above their control ones in 90 days. In contrast, 9 of 12 animals in which unilateral renal artery clamping and the stimulation were performed, showed maintenance of more significant elevation of blood pressure, and 3 of the hypertensive rabbits died from cerebral hemorrhage during the period of stimulation. In the hypertensive animals given the stimulation, dorsal hypothalamic area was proved to be frequently the site of stimulation.
It is considered that sympathetic stimuli and renal pressor mechanism may act synergetically to produce hypertension in rabbits.

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This research is concerned with the effects of varying the dietary levels of potassium on body weight, blood electrolytes, electrocardiogram in young dog. Dogs were fed purified diets containing varying levels of potassium salts.
(1) Diet-induced potassium deficiency in dogs resulted in lowered weight gain.
(2) The degree of development of the electrocardiographic changes were in general parallel to the levels in the serum potassium. When serum potassium levels decreased to 4.0mEq./L. or less, the T wave was usually decreased in height or inverted, the U wave in left precordial lead was frequently seen, ST segment slightly depressed, and P-R and Q -T intervals were rarely prolonged.
(3) When serum potassium levels rose above 6.0mEq./L. the T wave was consistently peaked and increased in height, especially in lead V_L. However, these levels did not rise above 6.2mEq./L. On the other hand, potassium concentration in feces of high potassium diet group increased at same time.
(4) Arrhythmias sometimes appeared in hypo-and hyperpotassemia.
(5) Within 3 to 8 weeks most of potassium deficient dogs developed paralysis of legs.

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This case report presents an unusual case of morbus caeruleus with complex anomaly of the heart and great vessels. The anomalies include situs inversus, complete form of endocardial cushion defect, transposed aorta arising from right ventricle anteriorly, valvular and infundibular pulmonic stenosis with hypoplastic pulmonary artery arising from right ventricle posteriorly, persistent left superior caval vein, absence of inferior caval vein, presence of hemiazygos, abnormal pulmonary blood supply from intercostal, internal mammillary and bronchial arteries, anomalous ostium and course of coronary arteries. Brief comments were made on the peculiar characteristics of this case.

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