The results of 2 comparative studies based on 2 different times of follow-up surveys of essential hypertension were presented. The greater part of the materials were of benign types. In order to evaluate the effect of prolonged systematic treatment, patients who died within 6 months of registrations were excluded from the materials, and the prognosis of a group of patients who sustained such treatment was compared with the others.
(1) Study I (based on survey at 1959). Among 489 consecutively selected materials, 125 patients sustained the treatment (Group A). Remaining cases were classified as following 3 groups on the basis of a history of treatment during the observation periods; 65 cases discontinued the treatment after more than 6 months' duration averaging 14 months (Group B), 135 cases had an experience of any other hypotensive regimen (Group C), and 164 cases had no considerable medications of the drugs (Group D). No practical differences of the initial severity and other conditions were found between Groups A and B; and the severities of Groups C and D were identical with each other, indicating distinctly lower than the formers.
The mortality of Group A was found significantly lower than Group B (p<0.01), and was markedly lower than C and D. No remarkable difference was found between the latter 2 Groups. The course of Group B was rather poor as compared with Group D. In Group B, most of cerebral deaths developed within a year of discontinuing the treatment.
(2) Study II (based on survey at 1962). Prognostic features were analysed between a group of patients who sustained the systematic treatment (treated series, 157 cases) and a group of those of others (control series, 266 cases), from the point of identical category of retinal gradings. The initial severity was almost identical with each grade of both series, or slightly higher in treated series. They had longer observation period than controls. A significantly lower mortality was found in treated series of grades II and IV. In grades I and III, mortality difference in per cent basis was remarkable but failed to reveal a statistical significance. Concerning a group of benign hypertensives, mortality was significantly lower in treated series. Particular emphasis was made on distinctly improved course of treated grade II, and analyses and discussions were made concerning less satisfactory difference in grade III.
(3) Practical difficulties attendant upon the evaluations of the effect of treatment which demands critical analyses have been especially taken into considerations and discussed.
It was emphasized that, in a case of persistent hypertension, satisfactory life-prolonging effect may be largely expected by prolonging available treatment even in a "milder" hypertensive patients.

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(1) VbCGs were obtained from the left parasternal area in dogs simultaneously with intracardiac pressure curves, the time derivatives of the pressure curves, and with ventricular "force" recordings. By using the technique of polaroid photography from an oscilloscopic screen with sweep speeds up to 1, 000mm./sec. transducer tipped catheters measurement accuracies of better than 2msec. were achieved.
(2) The VbCG points "H", "J₁", "J₂" and "L" were found to correlate with: the initial rise of left ventricular pressure; the juncture of the slow and rapid phases of isovolumetric contraction; and opening and closure of the aortic valve, respectively. "J₃ was found to correlate with the peak flow achieved during ejection.
(3) Pressure time-derivatives and ventricular force recordings from the left heart showed the same time relationships to the VbCG waves.
(4) No close relationships were found between VbCG waves and right heart pressure phenomena.
(5) The VbCG can be used as a simple external technique to time the major events of the cardiac cycle with an accuracy of 2 or 3msec.

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Regional pulmonary blood flow was determined by measuring the amount of accumulation of I¹³¹ labelled macroaggregated albumin using modified quantitative scanning method. With this method, the regional pulmonary blood flow can be measured with simple procedure, at any posture or condition of the subject.
By this method, it was demonstrated that in normal subjects supine position produced almost even distribution of blood flow to the entire lung, whereas upright position increased the flow in lower portion of the lung. Marked increase of pulmonary blood flow in the upper region of both lungs was observed in patients with mitral stenosis as well as certain case of congestive heart failure.

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(1) Pulmonary thromboembolism has become one of common chest diseases encountered in Japanese general hospitals. During 10-years period the answer from 150 main departments or hospitals in this country showed that the incidence of this disease was increasing from 0.005% to 0.03% clinically and from 0.24% to 2.14% in autopsy. But, these rates are still lower than those in Western countries.
(2) In our cases of the Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo University Hospital, 31 instances were recognized in recent 75-month period.
(3) In our series age and sex distribution of this disease revealed that it was not uncommon in persons under 40, and the incidence in male was predominant.
(4) The most of pulmonary embolism cases were preceded by heart disease or neoplasm as the underlying disease in our series. Especially, the latter is increasing in Japan.
(5) Hemoptysis and pleural friction rub were relatively uncommon in our series. Rather, nonspecific manifestations such as tachycardia, dyspnea, fever and others far more predominated.
(6) About chest roentgenograms there was no specific configuration, but the possibility of this disease was suspected in 78% of patients who were taken chest X-ray film.
(7) Electrocardiographic abnormalities were detected in 72% of cases adequately examined.
(8) In our autopsied series, the location, number and size of pulmonary thromboembolism were surveyed.

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The digitalis intoxication in the toxic doses caused hyperpotassemia. T wave and QT ratio showed these changes in the electrocardiogram. Potassium given to cause the digitalis intoxication caused potassium intoxication adding to the digitalis intoxication by the lesser doses of potassium chloride than the lethal doses of it alone. Namely, the cardiac arrest of severe fatal arrhythmia was induced. Experimental trials of the electrical stimulation of the artificial pacemaker was successful if potassium was less than 10.0mEq./ L., because these intoxications denoted its action on the atrioventricular node rather than the atrial and ventricular myocardium.

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Using rabbits, massive cerebral hemorrhages were produced in 31 of 74 animals (41.9%) which underwent Goldblatt's type of experimental renal hypertension.
Fibrinoid necrosis of the small arteries and arterioles in the brain was observed in the animals with and without cerebral hemorrhages. Fibrinoid necrosis of the cerebral vessels seems to be the primary pathogenetic vascular lesion for cerebral hemorrhages and for rupture of the cerebral vessels with fibrinoid necrosis which rupture caused massive cerebral hemorrhages. Fibrinoid necrosis of the cerebral vessels appeared to be one of the manifestations of the generalized vascular lesions in the whole body.
High blood pressure augmented the incidence of cerebral hemorrhages. Fibrinoid necrosis of the vessels in the brain and other organs, however, was frequently observed in slightly hypertensive as well as in markedly hypertensive animals. Therefore, the occurrence of fibrinoid necrosis and high blood pressure are considered to be due to 2 different factors.

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(1) A case of multiple aneurysms involving the right and left subclavian arteries, the right renal artery and the abdominal aorta, is presented.
(2) The pathogenesis of these lesions was obscure, although the aneurysm of the right subclavian artery showed severe arteriosclerotic changes.
(3) He had hypertension and functional impairment of the right kidney. Renal artery aneurysm as a cause of renovascular hypertension was briefly discussed.

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