Japanese Journal of Health Physics
Online ISSN : 1884-7560
Print ISSN : 0367-6110
ISSN-L : 0367-6110
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Volume 23, Issue 1
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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  • Treatment of Radioactive Liquid Waste by Tubular Type Reverse Osmosis Module
    Kenzo NISHIMAKI, Akio KOYAMA, Koji MORI, Tenson TSUTSUI
    1988 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 3-10
    Published: 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5453/jhps.23.3
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The applicability of reverse osmosis to radioactive liquid waste treatment was studied using a tubular type module. When four modules were used in a series, circulating volume of concentrate was much greater than permeate volume, therefore solute concentration and circulating rate of concentrate can be assumed uniform in the axial direction of the modules.
    DFs of stable elements contained in the tap water were 36-40 for Na, 50-55 for K, 170-250 for Mg and 90-160 for Ca. When Na concentration increased about ten times, DFs for all elements slightly decreased.
    For actual liquid waste tagged with radionuclides, DFs were in the range of 35-40 for 134Cs, 150-200 for 85Sr, and 180-280 for 58Co. These DF values indicate the possibility of the treatment of low radioactive liquid waste by reverse osmosis.
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  • Removal of Radionuclides by Reverse Osmosis Using a Cellulose Acetate Membrane
    Studies on the Influence of Solute Concentration and Co-existing Materials
    Kenzo NISHIMAKI, Akio KOYAMA, Tenson TSUTSUI
    1988 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 11-18
    Published: 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5453/jhps.23.11
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    Experiments with a reverse osmosis method were carried out to treat radioactive liquid wastes. The purpose of this study is examine the influence of the concentrations of solutes and co-existing materials in a feed solution.
    54Mn, 58Co, 85Sr and 134Cs were selected as representative radionuclides contained in radioactive liquid wastes. NaCl and CaCl2 were added to a feed solution as co-existing materials.
    When the concentrations of the solutes were less than several tens of mmol/l, a decontamination factor (DF) of the cations examined here was varied with the solute concentration. The maximum DF value of cesium was obtained in a lower solute concentration than three cations of divalent. A DF value of cesium differed insignificantly from those of the others.
    In a cases of cesium or manganese, the influence of co-existing materials on DF was complex that reflects in a complicated DF profile.
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  • Adsorption of Radioactive I2 Gas onto Fly-ash Aerosol
    Hiroshi NOGUCHI, Mikio MURATA, Katsumi SUZUKI
    1988 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 19-26
    Published: 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5453/jhps.23.19
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    The adsorption of radioactive elemental iodine (I2) gas onto fly-ash aerosol has been studied to provide basic data for the realistic and precise assessment of dose to the general public from radioiodine released from nuclear facilities.
    A mixture of fly-ash aerosol and 131I2 gas was passed through a cylindrical glass vessel so that particulate iodine was formed by adsorption of I2 onto aerosol. Then the concentrations of I2 and particulate iodine were measured.
    It was found that the adsorption reached an equilibrium state between 5 and 12min and that the proportion of iodine which was adsorbed on the aerosol decreased with increasing initial I2 concentration ranging over 10-13 to 10-19g/cm3.
    The adsorption isotherm of the aerosol for I2 gas approximately followed Freundlich isotherm. Using the adsorption isotherm, a theoretical equation was derived to explain the adsorption on the basis of FUCHS' theory on the evaporation of droplets. A sticking probability in the equation decreased with increasing adsorbed amount. The calculated results were in good agreement with the experimental ones.
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  • Characteristic of 16N High Energy γ-Ray Irradiation Field for Calibrating Radiation Measuring Instruments
    Bunzo KOHNOURA, Kentaro MINAMI
    1988 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 27-33
    Published: 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5453/jhps.23.27
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    High energy γ-ray irradiation field for calibrating radiation measuring instruments has been established.
    16N, whose half life is very short (7.13sec), emitts 6.129MeV and 7.115MeV γ-rays in relative intensity 69% and 4.8%, respectively. 16N is formed by the reaction 16O(n, p)16N in cooling water of reactor. The primary cooling water in JRR-4, JAERI, can be pumped and circulated in a small closed loop continuously, and some part of the loop passes outside the biological shield of the reactor and acts as a 16N source. Exposure rate at 1m from the 16N source is 7.1mR/h when the water flow rate of the loop is 35l/min and the power of JRR-4 is 3.5MW.
    The influence on the 16N γ-ray exposure rate by the contamination of electrons can be lowered significantly by covering the 16N source with such as methacrylic resin of thickness 2g/cm2 or more. The influences on the 16N γ-ray exposure rate by annihilation γ-rays, 24Na γ-rays and scattered γ-rays are 1.67%, 1.35% and 15% respectively at 3m from the 16N source.
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  • Transfer of Radionuclides by Crops
    Differences in Crops Species and Radionuclides
    Shigeo UCHIDA, Misako SUMIYA, Yoichiro OHMOMO, Masanao UMEBAYASI
    1988 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 35-39
    Published: 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5453/jhps.23.35
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    Transfer coefficient defined as the ratio of radionuclide concentration in crops to that in soil is a key parameter to assess the concentration of the nuclide in crops in the fields. This coefficient fluctuates by several factors such as plant species, kinds of radionuclides, properties of soils and conditions of plant husbandary. In order to estimate the variations specifically by plant species and kinds of radionuclides, transfer rates of some radionuclides from culture solution to the edible parts were measured on crops such as rice plant, spinach, soybean, cucumber, eggplant and radish.
    Results obtained are summarized below;
    1) The orders of transfer rates are 65Zn>54Mn>137Cs-60Co>85Sr>131I.
    2) Differences of transfer rates are 2 to 3 orders of magunitude among crops and/or radionuclides.
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  • Risk Management for Ionizing Radiation and Radioactive Materials Used in Medicine
    Junichiro TADA, Toru KIKUCHI
    1988 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 41-51
    Published: 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5453/jhps.23.41
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  • A Brief Introduction of ICRP Publication 49: Developmental Effects of Irradiation on the Brain of the Embryo and Fetus
    Tomoko KUSAMA
    1988 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 53-57
    Published: 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5453/jhps.23.53
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