Japanese Journal of Health Physics

Assessment of Toxicity on Chelating Agent DTPA

Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid

Satoshi FUKUDA

1989 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages 201-210
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5453/jhps.24.201

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) is a very important chelating agent to decorporate the radionuclides such as plutonium and americium from human body. However, before DTPA will be administered to humans, the toxicity should be clarified.
This report described the summary on data of DTPA toxicities obtained from animal experiments and assessment on the safety for humans, based on the results that compared their data among animal species. In short, Ca-DTPA is less toxic than Zn-DTPA when it is injected intravenously, while Zn-DTPA is less toxic than Ca-DTPA when it is administered orally. Both DTPAs acted on the serum calcium metabolism and induced the functional damages of cardiovascular system. Particularly, it is stressed that Zn-DTPA by intravenous injection occurred the heart failure, increases of blood pressure and pulse with hypocalcemia in even normal rats and beagle dogs. Other side effects by both DTPAs were also observed in the intestine, liver, kidney and bone. It is estimated that there are almost no species differences on DTPA toxicity between animals and humans.
As a result, it is concluded that DTPA should be used very carefully for humans, with reference to the results obtained from animal experiments.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1147K)
Estimation of Population Dose and Risk to Holding Assistants from Veterinary X-ray Examination in Japan

Tadashi HASHIZUME, Tunenori SUGANUMA, Takuo SHIDA

1989 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages 211-225
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5453/jhps.24.211

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

For the estimation of the population doses and risks of stochastic effects to assistants who hold animals during veterinary X-ray examinations a random survey of hospitals and clinics was carried out concerning age distribution of such assistants by groups of facilities.
The average organ and tissue dose per examination was evaluated from the experimental data using mean technical factors such as X-ray tube voltage, tube current and field size based on the results of a nationwide survey.
The population doses to the assistants were calculated to be about 14nSv per person per year for the genetically significant dose, 3.5nSv per person per year for per caput mean marrow dose, 3.3nSv for the leukemia significant dose and 4.5nSv for the malignant significant dose, respectively. The total risk of stochastic effects to the Japanese population from holding assistants was estimated using population data and it was estimated to be less than one person per year, but the cancer risks to a number of the assistants were estimated to be more than 4×10^-5.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1104K)
Deposition of Aerosol Particles in Bent Pipe

Hiroshi MATSUI, Tsutomu OHHATA

1989 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages 227-235
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5453/jhps.24.227

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

An equation to estimate deposition fraction of aerosol particles in a bent pipe is derived and the validity is verified experimentally. The equation is obtained by assuming that the resultant acceleration of the gravity and the centrifugal force induced in the bend acts on the aerosol particles, and is found to give a relatively accurate estimation of the deposition fraction if a certain correction factor is introduced to the equation. The deposition fraction has a minimum against Reynold number, and the deposition due to centrifugal force dominates at greater Reynolds number than that at the minimum deposition fraction. On the other hand, the smaller the radius of curvature of the bend is, the larger the deposition fraction due to the centrifugal force is.

View full abstract

Download PDF (923K)
Studies on the Physico-chemical Behavior of ⁶⁰Co, ¹⁰⁶Ru and ¹⁴⁴Ce in Fresh Water

Yuichiro KIMURA, Yoshihiro OGAWA, Masami FUKUI, Tadashi TSUJIMOTO, Yos ...

1989 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages 237-247
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5453/jhps.24.237

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Using paper electrophoresis and paper chromatography, changes in the physico-chemical forms of ⁶⁰Co, ¹⁰⁶Ru and ¹⁴⁴Ce in fresh water were studied and also compared with those in seawater.
Initial stage of mixing with fresh water, over 90% of ⁶⁰Co was found in the cationic species, while on the third day, three cationic peaks of electrophoresis were revealed, and electroneutral species including hydrolytic products increased with time.
In the cases of ruthenium complexes (chloro, nitrosyl-nitro, -nitrato, -binuclear complexes), each chemical form had its own characteristic paper electrophoretic behavior in each original solution. After mixing with fresh water, however, hydrolysis and replacement of ligands with H₂O occurred, producing lower-order complexes.
Examination on ¹⁴⁴Ce in fresh water showed that over 95% of ¹⁴⁴Ce remained at the starting point of paper electrophoresis, suggesting highly adsorptive hydrolytic products might being predominant.
It is noted from the present studies that the tendency of changes in the physico-chemical forms of each radionuclide could be almost similar in both fresh water and aged seawater.

View full abstract

Download PDF (2494K)
Environmental Transuranium Elements from the Chernobyl Accident

Masayoshi YAMAMOTO

1989 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages 249-257
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5453/jhps.24.249

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The accident at the Chernobyl reactor site starting at 26th April 1986 caused a widespread distribution of radionuclides. In all countries radiation measurements and analyses of samples have been made to show the features to consider in a dosimetric evalution, but transuranium elements have been less investigated.
In Europe, the determination of several transuranium elements, such as neptunium (Np-239), plutonium (Pu-238, 239, 240, 241), americium (Am-241) and curium (Cm-242) was possible. The total depositions (mBq/m²) at Monaca, Rise (Denmark) and Neuherberg (Munich) were estimated to be 10, 20 and 51, respectively. These levels are only 0.01-0.05% of the previous deposition from nuclear weapons tests. The activity ratios Pu-238/Pu-239, 240 (0.4-0.5) and Pu-241/Pu-239, 240 (80-90) from Chernobyl fallout were much higher than those from nuclear weapons tests. Here, a more detailed feature of transuranium elements released into environment from the Chernobyl reactor is presented comparing with that from nuclear weapons fallout, including the measurements of transuranium elements of the Chernobyl debris in Japan.

View full abstract

Download PDF (840K)
Management and Disposal of Low-level Radioactive Waste in the US

Masami FUKUI

1989 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages 259-270
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5453/jhps.24.259

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (1079K)
Nuclides and Activities in Inorganic Liquid Wastes with Radioisotopes Collected from Research Institutions and Educational Organizations

Michiro YOSHIMORI, Mikio MATSUSHITA, Yoshiro HATTORI

1989 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages 271-275
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5453/jhps.24.271

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (531K)
Notes from Radiation Workers (Vol. 24, No. 3)

Makoto KOBAYASHI, Kouzo MATSUSHITA, Hiromasa KATOH

1989 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages 293-298
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5453/jhps.24.293

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (2514K)

Register with J-STAGE for free!