As a representative sample of Japanese population, 996 samples of head hair were collected in 1967. Using nondestructive activation analysis, the concentration of nine elements such as Al, Cl, Na, Br, Mn, Cu, Hg Zn, and Au was determined and their histograms showing the relation between concentration and frequency were established. The distribution histograms were analogous to the so called log-normal type, except Zn and Hg, and converted to the normal type distribution by the logarithmic conversion of the scale of concentration. The concentration of mercury in the samples ranged from 1 to 13 ppm and only one sample showed a very high concentration of 47 ppm. The averages, excluding this exception, were 5.42 ppm for males, 4.62 ppm for females, and 5.02 for total. The correlations among the trace elemens were not markedly high and it is considered that the elements exist independent of each other. The highest correlation was recognized between Na and Cl. The concentration of trace elements in Japanese human head hair was generally low compared with date on other races reported by several workers. Three elements, Hg, Br, and Mn, showed slightly higher concentration and were characteristic to Japanese hair.

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Concentration distribution histograms for each of trace elements, except Zn and Hg, were constructed by converting their concentration scales to 2^m×10ⁿ, and detailed discussion was made on how the factors such as sex, age, hair length, hair treatment, occupations, locality of donors, and others influence the amount of the main trace elements in hair. The amount of elements Al, Cl, Na, and Hg, was higher in male population and conversely the elements Br, Mn, Cu, Au, and Zn. were higher in female population. Age dependency was generally not marked but some characteristics, which could be considered due to the short hair and low contamination, were observed in hair from male infant donors. The sex-dependent non-negligible difference could not be sufficiently explained by the effect of hair length since it was relatively low compared with the sex difference, although the effect was considerably high in some elements. Hair treated with permanent waving or dying exhibited higher amount of Br, Zr, and Mn, than the normal hair. The effect of permanent waving was observed clearly for 2 months after the hair treatment. Hair from farmers and fishermen had in general the highest amount of trace elements and hair from office workers had the lowest amount. Hair from technical workers showed intermediate trends between farmers and fishermen and office workers. From the point of local characteristics, Japanese population were divided into two groups ; one of them was north-eastern group which had higher amount of Al, Cl, Na, Br, and Mn, and the other was south-western group which showed conversely higher amount of heavy metals such as Cu, Au, Zn, and Hg. Hair from Tokyo-Kanagawa district had generally lower amount of trace elements, except for higher amount of Zn and Cu.

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As a model experiment for the study of the effect of free chlorine in supplying water on living organisms, effect of hypochlorite on the functions of human blood cells was examined. It was thereby revealed that human erythrocytes were readily hemolyzed by hypochlorite in a concentration as small as 1 ppm and that their agglutinability with certain phytohemagglutinins was clearly enhanced by their treatment with hypochlorite. Further, the blastogenesis of human peripheral lymphocytes in the culture with PHA-M was somewhat facilitated in the presence of hypochlorite in the cutture medium. These results can be explained by the assumption that hypochlorite modifies the surface structure of human blood cells so as to make the receptor sites on the cell surface more accessible to phytohemaglutinins.

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The slide glass method was discussed for the treatment of slime troubles in the industrial water and waste. Comparison of the slide glass method with colony count method, gave the same results for bacterial growth, requirement of nitrogen source, effect of bactericides, and growth of bacteria in natural water. The slide glass method seemed useful with little effort for observing the growth of periphytic microbes in water treatment plants.

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Coagulations of ferric oxide and ferric hydroxide by polyelectrolytes were carried out. The ability of coagulants for the reduction of turbidity, sedimentation velocity, and compressibility of ferric oxide suspension was as follows. Polyacrylamide>sodium polyacrylate>sodium alginate>sodium carboxy methyl cellulose. For the suspension of ferric hydroxide, polyacrylamide and sodium alginate were effective agents for the clarification of water.

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The area of Keiyo coastal industrial development program stretches over 76 km along Tokyo Bay from the coast of Urayasu on the north to the cape of Futtsu on the south. The area to be reclaimed by 1985 is expected to cover 14123 ha. In order to maintain the environment in good condition by preventing air pollution by the activities of the plants in this Keiyo industrial area, sulfur oxide concentration was measured at 24 monitoring stations and relationship between weather map type and high-level SO₂ concentration in this area was examined. From the results of this investigation, the following points were clarified. 1) High SO₂ concentration occurred during high rather than low atmospheric pressure. 2) Frequency of high concentration of SO₂ at more than 10 monitoring stations according to atmospheric pressure pattern was found 52 times, the majority being in H₂ and H₅ types. 3) With respect to the high SO₂ concentration areas of H₂ and H₅ types, H₂ type was the highest in Ichihara area during 11 : 00 to 14 : 00 o'clock and low at hight, but comparatively high all day in was Funabashi and Chiba area, probably due to the land and sea breeze. High concentration of the H₅ type (summer) was found to occur along the coast from Hamano to the Institute of Pollution Research at Iwasaki. 4) State of contamination by hourly variation in high SO₂ concentration can be seen in two areas of Ichihara (excluding Anesaki) and Chiba (Chiba-Ohmori).

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The present investigation was undertaken to apply theoretical methods to the ventilation of polluted air in a room where carbon dioxide was not homogeneously diffused. In the case of one-dimensional diffusion, C is the concentration of carbondioxide at time T (=nδT) and subscripts m, (m+1) and (m-1) denote space mδX, (m+1) δX and (m-1) δX, respectively, and superscript + denotes time (n+1) δT. In the case of two-dimensional diffusion, subscripts j, k ; j, k-1 ; j, k+1 ; j-1, k ; j+1, k ; denote spaces x=jh, y=kh ; x=jh, y=(k-1) h ; x=jh, y=(k+1) h ; x=(j-1) h, y=kh ; x=(j+1) k, y=kh, respectively. Assuming that the concentration of carbon dioxide depends on time and space, as described in the previous paper, the following equation can be obtained : ∂C/∂T=D (∂2C/∂X2) where X is a distance from the source of evolution of carbon dioxide and D is a constant (not equal to 0). Three well-known finite-difference approximations to the above equation are forward-difference, backward-difference, and central-difference equations. According to Schmidt's, Dussinberre's, and Crank-Nicolson's methods, following equations can be obtained : Forward-difference equations C+m=(Cm+1+Cm-1)/2 C+m=(Cm+1+Cm+Cm-1)/3 C+m=Cm+1-Cm+Cm-1 Backward-difference equations C+m=(C+m+1+C+m-1+2Cm)/4 C+m=(C+m+1+C+m-1+3Cm)/5 C+m=(C+m+1+C+m-1+Cm)/3 Central-difference equations C+m=(C+m+1+C+m-1+Cm+1+Cm-1+2Cm)/6 C+m=(C+m+1+C+m-1+Cm+1+Cm-1+4Cm)/8 C+m=(C+m+1+C+m-1+Cm+1+Cm-1)/4 In the case of two-dimensional diffusion : Forward-difference equations C+j, k=(Cj-1, k+Cj+1, k+Cj, k-1+Cj, k+1)/4 C+j, k=(Cj-1, k+Cj+1, k+Cj, k-1+Cj, k+1+2Cj, k)/6 C+j, k=(Cj-1, k+Cj+1, k+Cj, k-1+Cj, k+1-2Cj, k)/2 Backward-difference equations C+j, k=(C+j-1, k+C+j+1, k+C+j, k-1+C+j, k+1+4Cj, k)/8 C+j, k=(C+j-1, k+C+j+1, k+C+j, k-1+C+j, k+1+6Cj, k)/10 C+j, k=(C+j-1, k+C+j+1, k+C+j, k-1+C+j, k+1+2Cj, k)/6 Central-difference equations C+j, k=Cj, k/3+(C+j-1, k+C+j+1, k+C+j, k-1+C+j, k+1+Cj-1, k+Cj+1, k+Cj, k-1+Cj, k+1)/12 C+j, k=Cj, k/2+(C+j-1, k+C+j+1, k+C+j, k-1+C+j, k+1+Cj-1, k+Cj+1, k+Cj, k-1+Cj, k+1)/16 C+j, k=(C+j-1, k+C+j+1, k+C+j, k-1+C+j, k+1+Cj-1, k+Cj+1, k+Cj, k-1+Cj, k+1)/8 It was found that above equations were available for the theoretical study of ventilation of polluted air diffused heterogeneously in a room.

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People of over 30 years old living along the River Sasu and Shiine basin were examined for uriuary protein and cadmium excretion. Preliminary examination was made on combined urine samples taken from subjects classified by subjects living in A or F area was generally higher than those in other areas. The detailed study was carried out in A and K areas. A area is located down-stream of the river and adjacent to a zinc mine. K area is up-stream and a control area. The number of persons with proteinuria was 7 out of 77 in A area and 1 in 44 in K area, but all positive persons in A area were over 56 years old. The urinary cadmium concentrations expressed as means ± sd (number of persons) in μg/liter were as follows : A area : Farmer's family 12.2±6.4 (53), non-farmer's family 5.7±3.5 (24), K area : All family 2.3±1.5 (44). There was no difference between farmer and non-farmer in K area. No difference in zinc excretion was found in any group. No case has been definitely diagnosed as chronic cadmium poisoning.

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