Aerobic treatment plant of non-diluted night soil was designed and built in 1969. This plant consisted of aeration tank (which had four aerobic digestion tanks), sedimentation tank, 2nd aeration tank, and clarifier. Effect of treatment was investigated, and the following results were obtained. Temperature in the 1st digestion tank was more than 24° even in Nakatsugawa city, Gifu Prefecture, where the outside temperature was below zero degree in winter. This phenomenon was advantage for biological treatment of night soil. Percentage removal of BOD, COD, and Kjeldahl-N in the 1st digestion tank were 82, 46, and 72%, and those in the effluent were 41, 61, and 51 ppm, respectively. In general, removal of NH₃-N is difficult by other aerobic treatment system, but its removal percentage was good at this plant, and NH₃-N stripping was observed because this aerobic treatment tank was in alkaline state. Zoogloea and Protozoa could not be found in the 1st digestion tank. The Biota of this tank was different from standard activated sludge organisms. Bad odor was not detected around the plant. It is considered that this plant of non-diluted night soil treatment gives better clearance than other treat ment plant.

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The contents of intermediates of porphyrin in the urine and blood were examined in lead-exposed rats in the workshop of lead glass factory to study relationship between metabolism of porphyrin and air-borne particles containing lead, and the following results were obtained. The concentration of lead in air-borne particles were 0.83 μg/m³/hr in places producing primary particles (ground materials, etc.) and 2.45 and 3.27 μg/m³/hr in places producing secondary particles (fumes, etc.). These air-borne particles were found to mainly consist of particles below 1μ. The contents of both δ-aminolevulinic acid and coproporphyrin in the urine and of protoporphyrin in the blood of rats exposed to air-borne dust containing lead increased over their levels in control rats. Free protoporphyrin in erythrocyte is suggested to be important as an index of chronic lead poisoning, and such a biological examination was demonstrated to be valuable from this experiment as an index of environmental quality in workshops.

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In order to examine the physiological behavior of orally ingested cadmium, its interaction with the small intestinal mucosa was examined. The 105000×g mucosal soluble fraction from the small intestine of a rat given^115m CdCl₂ orally was fractionated by gel filtration. Majority of cadmium in the mucosal soluble fraction was present in the state bound to high-molecular compound (s) and the main bound component of these eluted from the gel filtration column in the same position as the cadmium-bound protein (metallothionein) in the liver and kidney. The amount of cadmium bound to components in the mucosal soluble fraction remained almost constant for 24 hr after administration but the majority disappeared from the mucosal soluble fraction after 48hr. It was also found that majority of cadmium in the intestinal content and feces of rats given cadmium orally was in the state bound to high-molecular compound (s).

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After an oral administration of 18 mg/kg of methylarsine sulfide, the distribution of arsenic in blood and tissues, the excretion of arsenic in feces and urine, its effect on liver constituents including microsomal phospholipids and cytochromes, and drug-metabolizing enzyme activities were examined. The blood level of arsenic reached the maximum 3 days after dosing and decreased at a slow biological half-life of 50 days. The distribution of arsenic in tissues also attained the maximum at 3 days and more than 2 % of the dose was found at 120 days. Excretion of arsenic in feces was 33.4% during the first 4 days and a trace amount of arsenic was detected in bile. The urinary excretion of arsenic was about 7% of the dose during the first 3 days, 18% during 30 days, and still remained at 120 days. Methylarsine sulfide reduced the cytochrome P-450 content, aminopyrine demethylase activity, and spectral change with aniline binding. Enzyme activities per P-450 were not changed. In hepatic microsomal phospholipids, the percentage composition remained unchanged but the total content and the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids decreased by the effect of methylarsine sulfide.

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As an application of mass spectrometry to the field of forensic chemistry, the determnation of opium alkaloids was examined. Since the mass spectral data of standard alkaloid mixtures indicated that molecular ion peak heights of morphine, codeine, and nalorphine were proportional to their molar concentrations, it was possible to determine the amounts of morphine and codeine simultaneously from the ratios of molecular ion peak heights on the mass spectrum of the sample to which nalorphine was added as the internal standard. The method has been successfully used for the analysis of a sample for legal advice.

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Serum and erythrocyte cholinesterase activities became low in men poisoned by organophosphorus insecticides more than six months after the and of insecticide operation in winter. The decreased cholinesterase activity was temporarily recovered by oral administration of 300mg of glutathione daily for 4 weeks.

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Enzymic detection of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides by thin-layer chromatography was achieved with rat liver, rabbit liver, and rabbit serum as sources of esterase and p-nitrophenylacetate, phenylacetate and indoxylacetate as a substrate, and the selectivity to these pesticides was investigated. The possibility of selective detection of organophosphorus pesticides was also examined, using bovine pancreas chymotrypsin and 2-naphthylacetate. Organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides were developed on Avicel thin-layer plates by reverse and normal phase partition system, respectively. After development, the plates were exposed to bromine vapor if necessary. The detection was made in three steps of (1) spraying anenzyme solution, (2) incubation for 20 min at room temperature, and (3) spraying the substrate solution. The detection limits of 9 organophosphorus and 9 carbamate pesticides were determined in four combinations of enzyme, substrate, and with or without bromine treatment. Among the 20 combinations tested, N. Br-rabbit liver-IA was most selective and sensitive to phosphates and N-methylcarbamates, Br-rabbit liver-PA to all organophosphorus pesticides, N. Br-rabbit serum-IA to phosphates, and Br-rabbit liver-IA to N-methylcarbamates and all organophosphorus pesticides. The selectivity to N-phenyl and N-naphthylcarbamates was not observed. Carbamate pesticides tested were not detected after bromination by the use of chymotrypsin, and the selective detection could not be obtained because of low sensitivity of organophosphorus pesticides. The inhibitory activity of phosphorothioates and phosphorodithioates increased markedly by bromine treatment, so that they can be distinguished from phosphate and carbamate pesticides which are not affected by bromine treatment.

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The ozonization treatment of bactericides was examined from its growth inhibition effect on Escherichia coli. No remarkable decrease of the inhibition rate was observed for 2-ethylimidazole, tributyltin fumarate, and 2-hydroxy-2-phenylmercurioxy-3, 5, 6 : 3, 5, 6-hexachlorodiphenylethane. The inhibition rate of imidazole increased by ozonization treatment. In the case of dichloroisocyanuric acid, the inhibition rate increased with an increase in ozone consumption after it decreased once. The inhibition rate decreased in proportion to the amount of ozone consumed in the case of sodium 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, sodium trichlorophenate, sodium tetrachlorophenate, and eight other bactericides.

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Studies on the extraction method for various kinds of dyes in a mixture with liquid anion exchanger are described. Organic layer, primene-JMT in benzen shaken with acetic acid, was used as the extraction agent, ammonia solution was used as the stripping agent, and 12 of coal-tar dyes in aqueous solution were quantitatively recovered. This method was used for the separation of natural dye in anchovy sauce and determination of a mixture of coal-tar dyes in strawberry jam, and satisfactory results were obtained.

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