Eisei kagaku
Print ISSN : 0013-273X
Volume 19, Issue 6
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
  • MASAMI MAKITA, SHIGEO YAMAMOTO, KEIKO YOSHIHARA
    1973 Volume 19 Issue 6 Pages 297-301
    Published: December 31, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A method has been developed for the analysis of saccharin by gas chromatography. Saccharin was converted to the trichloromethylthio derivative by treatment with perchloromethylthiol in aqueous alkaline solution. The derivative was extracted with carbon tetrachloride and chromatographed on a 1.5% OV-1 phase supported on Shimalite W at 190° using pyrene as an internal standard. The average recovery of added amount of saccharin from orange juice and canned orange was 99%. A sensitive method for the detection of saccharin by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of the trichloromethylthio derivative has also been developed. A quantity of 1-2μg of the derivative could be detected on TLC layer by spraying the developed plate with 1% ethanolic solution of resorcinol or 0.06% solution of permanganate in acetone.
    Download PDF (564K)
  • YOUKI OSE, JOJI FUKUYAMA, TAKAHIKO SATO, YASUJI IKUINE, EIICHI SATO
    1973 Volume 19 Issue 6 Pages 302-308
    Published: December 31, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Fresh excreta of a swine (40-60 kg in body weight, which was bred with arranged feed) was analysed for physical and chemical nature. Analytical data were as follows : in the fresh feces, BOD value, 61800 ppm ; COD value, 63200 ppm ; albumin-N, 6320 ppm ; kjeldahl-N, 11400 ppm. In the freshurine, BOD value, 4790 ppm ; COD value, 3640 ppm ; albuminoid-N, 775 ppm ; Kjeldahl-N, 4510 ppm. By the activated sludge treatment of high-concentration swine waste, stable treated effluent was obtained after 3 days. Aeration of high-concentration swine waste gave activated sludge after 6 days, and it had good purification ability. The more activated sludge was added, the quicker the waste was purified. By aeration, BOD substances were almost removed, but about 30-40% of COD remained in the supernatant. When BOD load was 5 kg/m3·d, the treatment results were not good. With low aeration (325 m3 air/m3·d), effluent water was not good, while with high aeration (650 m3 air/m3·d), SV value was not good. When BOD load was 2.5 kg/m3·d and aeration volume was 650 m3 air/m3·d, the treatment result was good. The quality of effluent water showed the following mean value : BOD value, 66 ppm ; SS value, 12 ppm. Their removal rate was both over 99%. Air temperature of injecter was higher than that around the plants, and this might be one cause for the rise of liquor temperature.
    Download PDF (764K)
  • MASAYOSHI YAMAGUCHI, TAKEO YAMAMOTO
    1973 Volume 19 Issue 6 Pages 309-313
    Published: December 31, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Following a study on the deposition of calcium in the liver of rats intoxicated with lead reported previously, calcium distribution in organ and liver cell fractions of rats was investigated after a single intraperitoneal administration of lead (0.2 mg/g body wt.). The amount of calcium deposition induced with lead, 3 days after the administration of lead, was highest in the liver, followed by spleen, kidney, heart, and brain in that order, and it was also highest in the liver 30 days after injection of lead. Liver subcellular fraction, obtained from rats 7 days after a single intraperitoneal administration of lead, showed about 65% to 50% lead and calcium associated with nuclear fraction. Lead and calcium associated with the nucleus are removed as a function of hydrogen ion concentration and temperature ; 50% of lead and calcium is removed in the range of pH 3.5, and 25% of lead and calcium is removed by heating to 70° On the other hand, calcium bound to nucleus is removed by 10 mM sodium citrate, whereas lead is not removed, but both lead and calcium are removed by 10 mM Na2-EDTA. These evidences show that lead and calcium in the liver of rats intoxicated with lead, are bound firmly to the nucleus co-deposited with protein complexes.
    Download PDF (714K)
  • TOSHIHIKO KAMADA, HISANORI OKUDA, TAKAHIRO KUMAMARU, YUROKU YAMAMOTO
    1973 Volume 19 Issue 6 Pages 314-318
    Published: December 31, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    An atomic-absorption spectrophotometry for rapid, sensitive, and precise determination of arsenic in biological samples is described. Arsine can be rapidly evolved from arsenic solution in 2 N hydrochloric or sulfuric acid by using zinc powder tablets together with potassium iodide and stannous chloride solution as the reductant. Thus, arsenic can be determined by atomic-absorption spectrophotometrically by introducing arsine into an argon-hydrogen flame and reading the absorption signal of arsenic at 1937 Å. To obtain optimum conditions for the determination of arsenic in biological samples, various factors were examined. The optimum range of acidity was about 1.5-3 N in hydrochloric acid when potassium iodide and stannous chloride concentrations were kept at 1.6% and 0.8%, respectively. The addition of at least one piece of zinc tablet (about 0.5 g) was enough to obtain the highest and constant recovery of arsenic as arsine. The sensitivity of the method for 1% absorption was evaluated to be 0.7 ppb of arsenic and linearlity of the absorption vs. concentration was good up to 1μg/20 ml (50 ppb). Effect of several ions on the method was also examined. Satisfactory results were obtained by applying the proposed method to the analysis of arsenic in several biological materials, which were previously digested by a conventional method using sulfuric-nitric acid mixture.
    Download PDF (658K)
  • YOSHIO KANEDA, KEIZO NAKAMURA, HIROSHI NAKAHARA, MASAHIRO IWAIDA
    1973 Volume 19 Issue 6 Pages 319-323
    Published: December 31, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A rapid and simple screening method was devised for eight organophosphorus pesticides residue in vegetables using a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame photometric detector (FPD). The amount of insecticides in a sample solution was estimated from the log-log plot of peak area response vs. pesticide concentration. For identification, three parameters were found useful ; retention time, comparison of peak area response at P and S mode, and response ratio, R1/ms/R1/np. In addition, some discussions are made on mechanical system for this purpose.
    Download PDF (558K)
  • MINEO KESHINO, TOSHIHIKO ARIYOSHI, EIGO TAKABATAKE
    1973 Volume 19 Issue 6 Pages 324-327
    Published: December 31, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Urinary excretion of cadmium was examined for 133 students of Kaneda Junior High School along the River Sasu and Shiine basin, Tsushima Island, and 33 students of a Junior High School in Nagasaki City. 1) By classifying the urinary Cd concentrations according to residential areas of students, the differences among areas were found, and students living in A, F, or E area in Tsushima excreted more Cd than those in other places. 2) The students whose family occupation is a farmer excreted more Cd than those of non-farmers. 3) No difference was found, in Zn excretion and the higher the Cd concentration, the smaller the Zn/Cd ratio was. 4) No difference was found in urinary Ca and inorganic P in any area.
    Download PDF (546K)
  • YASUHIRO YAMANE, MOTOICHI MIYAZAKI, YASUNOBU OSADA
    1973 Volume 19 Issue 6 Pages 328-333
    Published: December 31, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Seasonal and geographic variation of nickel concentrations in airborne particulates and deposits were surveyed in Kei-yo industrial zone (Chiba prefecture). The deposits were collected by using deposit gauges at eight sampling points located in the zone from february, 1967 to october, 1968, and airborne particulates were collected by low-volume air samplers at two points from october, 1971 to january, 1973. Samples were ashed in an electric furnace at 500° for 1 hr, and nickel was determined by colorimetry with dimethylglyoxime after two extractions with 20 ml of (1+1) HCl and 1-2 ml of 30% H2O2. Maximum amount of nickel (2.81×10-3 ton/km2/month) was found in the deposit obtained at sampling point III in Chiba City and among the airborne particulates, maximum of nickel (0.059μg/m3) was observed at sampling point V in Ichihara City. The results of seasonal and geographic variation of the concentrations of nickel and the relationship between nickel and other metals in deposits and airborne particulates suggested that main emission source of the air-polluting nickel in Chiba City was an iron work, and in Ichihara City, industries using crude oil.
    Download PDF (627K)
  • HIROSHI KAMADA, MASAE YUKAWA, MASAMICHI SAIKI
    1973 Volume 19 Issue 6 Pages 334-339
    Published: December 31, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to examine radioecologically behavior of radionuclides in environment of water supply, levels of radionuclides in the soil, raw water from river and its suspension, river bottom sediment, and water supplied for drinking were quantitatively investigated, and then various aspects on transfer of radionuclides in the land, river, and water works were hydrometeorologically analyzed. On three basins, Agano, Edo, and Yodo River, movements of 106Ru, 137Cs and 144Ce were derived from data of 90Sr. 90Sr was removable compared with other radionuclides in various samples. The following equations were established by the regression analysis between "ratio on each of the radionuclides to 90Sr" in soil (Rd) and that of river bottom sediment (RBS), between Rd and that in river water with suspension (R[W+S]), and between radionuclides concentration in the river water (C ; pCi/100 liter) and weight of the river suspension (S ; gr. of ash/100 liter). [numerical formula] Coefficients a1 and b1 were 8.46-1.35 and 2.35-0.62 for 106Ru, 4.14-0.989 and 2.58-0.31 for 144Ce, and 2.80-0.836 and 3.49-0.879 for 137Cs, respectively. The a2 and b2 for 137Cs were 0.085-0.055 and 0.26-0.19. The a3 and b3 in the Agano River were 0.00229 and 1.49 for 90Sr, and 0.0229 and 0.64 for 137Cs. These data indicated that the degree of deposition to the soil, adsorption, and absorption to the river bottom of 106Ru, 137Cs and 144Ce are higher than those of 90Sr, in the following order : 106Ru>144Ce>137Cs>90Sr. As for the pathway of contamination, part of 90Sr is soluble and most of 106Ru, 137Cs and 144Ce is insoluble in the river, and a part of these radionuclides exists in the river suspension and considerable amounts of 106Ru, 137Cs and 144Ce are precipitated on the river bottom. It was observed on the decontamination rates (DR%) of radionuclides in the water works that the greater the content of the suspension increases, the higher DR become. The correlation of DR and S was shown by the following equation. [numerical formula] The coefficient a4 was 0.0462 for 137Cs in the Niitsu City water works, Agano River basin. During 1962 to 1969, DR in the three water works were observed as 50% for 106Ru, 48% for 144Ce, 31% for 137Cs, and 15% for 90Sr in average value.
    Download PDF (725K)
  • AKIRA OGAMO, HISAE KASAHARA, KINZO NAGASAWA
    1973 Volume 19 Issue 6 Pages 340-344
    Published: December 31, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Thin-layer chromatographic separation and detection of 12 kinds of N-methylcarbamate insecticides, which are classified as poisonous chemicals and are widely used in Japan, were examined using the layers of silica gel, alumina, and polyamide. Two chromatographic systems : (1) aceton-hexane (1 : 4) on alumina layer and (2) water-methanol (5 : 5) on polyamide layer, with detection by p-nitrobenzenediazonium fluoroborate-KOH or bromine-fluorescein method, were found to be the most suitable for the analysis of these compounds.
    Download PDF (559K)
feedback
Top