Quantitative fluctuation of butyl hydroxyanisole (BHA) after photo-oxidation was studied. Data on the residual amount of the compound and products formed indicated that irradiation of BHA with light results in the formation of oxidative product with exhaustion of BHA per se. Though the amount of BHA decreased in proportion to the duration of irradiation, the amount of oxidates, which was very small, did not show notable changes with time. Of the two oxidation products formed, a higher yield was regularly obtained with diphenyl compound than with diphenyl ether compound. The behavior of benzene and soybean oil, used as a solvent, was similar even in a different milieu.

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Experiments were carried out to find possible in vivo formation of the oxidation products from butyl hydroxyanisole (BHA), which were confirmed to be formed by light irradiation of BHA. Diphenyl compound, essentially the same as those found in the air, were recovered from the urine of rabbits and rats treated with BHA. In studies on metabolization of these oxidation products, unchanged 2-BHA was detected in the urine. It was thereby confirmed that the reversible reaction of BHA to the diphenyl compound, and vice versa, actually occur in vivo.

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Fraction of urine and supernatant of liver homogenate of a rat, administered sodium ⁷⁵Se-selenite or sodium ⁷⁵Se-selenate solution orally, was achieved by anion exchange resin column chromatography, in order to know the ratio of organic metabolite fraction and inorganic metabolite fraction. The metabolites in the organic fraction of urine was identified and determined. Organic metabolite was prominently excreted after either single or repeated oral administration, and it was 70-80% of all radioactivity in the urine. A similar result was obtained in the analysis of the supernatant of liver homogenate. On the composition of the organic selenium metabolite, dimethylselenoxide and trimethylseleno compound were identified and their amounts were about 55% and 10% of the total metabolite, respectively.

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Glyceryl guaiacol ether, noscapine, noscapine hydrochloride, chlorpheniramine maleate, diphenhydramine salicylate, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, promethazine methylenedisalicylate, alimemazine tartrate, and isothipendyl hydrochloride in anti-cold preparations were separated successfully, using styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer gel or poly (methyl methacrylate) gel as a stationary phase and a mixture of methanol and concentrated ammonia water as a mobile phase. The separated ingredients were detected by spectrophotometry using an ultraviolet monitor. Methylephedrine hydrochloride was undetected by this method because of its low sensitivity. It must be separated from other ingredients by an ion-exchanger. The separated methylephedrine was oxidized with potassium ferricyanide, chromatographed, and quantitated by substituting methanol for the mixture of methanol and concentrated ammonia water in this procedure.

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In order to apply to a tracer experiment, an analytical method for ²¹⁰Pb in animal organs and excreta was studied, and a convenient method was established as follows : The sample was digested at 150-170°, using conc. HNO₈ and 60 % HClO₄. The separation of ²¹⁰Pb from ²¹⁰Bi and ²¹⁰Po, the daughter nuclides of ²¹⁰Pb, was accomplished by passing 1 N HCl solution of the digested sample through a column of anion-exchange resin, and by eluting ²¹⁰Pb with 0.1 N HCl. The β-activity of ²¹⁰Pb was measured using a liquid scintillation counter. In this method, the radiochemical recovery of ²¹⁰Pb from biological samples was quantitative, and the counting efficiency of the β-activity of ²¹⁰Pb was 37.1%. Furthermore, the procedure of this method does not require a long time and many samples can be treated in a short time.

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The distribution and elimination of ²¹⁰Pb were studied after intravenous injection in male rats and the following results were obtained. 1) On the first day after the injection of ²¹⁰Pb, the highest distribution of lead among organs was found in the vertebra, followed by bone marrow, femur, liver, and kidney, and organs showing low concentration were nerve, testicle, and muscle. Disappearance of ²¹⁰Pb from the liver, kidney, and blood was rapid, while the radioactivity in the femur and vertebra increased up to 3 rd day after injection and then decreased slowly. ²¹⁰Pb in the nerve tissue showed highest concentration on the 14 th day during the exprimental period. On the 92 nd day after injection, the highest concentration of ²¹⁰Pb among the rat organs was observed in the skeleton, followed by bone marrow, spleen, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata. 2) About 58% of the dose was excreted in feces and urine during 92 days after injection of ²¹⁰Pb solution. Excretion ratio in the feces was about 8.5 times greater than that in the urine. Excretion of lead in bile was 20% of the dose within 6 hr and 27% in 48 hr after injection. 3) The biological half-life of ²¹⁰Pb in selected organs and tissues was calculated from the retention rate during 92 days. The values odtained were 53.3 days in the liver, 20.1 days in the kidneys, 62.3 days in the vertebra, 79.5 days in the femur, 51.9 days in the bone marrow, 37.5 days in blood, 24.3 days in the cerebrum, 23.1 days in the cerebellum, and 27.1 days in the medulla oblongata. The retention rate of ²¹⁰Pb in the whole body was calculated by subtracting the radioactivity of excreta from the injected dose in 5 rats during 92 days after injection, and the following equation, representing the retention rate of ²¹⁰Pb in the whole body, was derived from the obtained values : R=36.37e^-0.370t+12.57e^-0.0246t+51.57e^-0.000993t where R is the percentage of retained lead at t days after injection. The biological half-life of ²¹⁰Pb in the whole body of rats was found to consist of 3 components, 0.81 day for rapid component, 12.24 days for intermediate component, and 303.1 days for delayed component, as shown in the equation.

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The application of nitrate ion-selective electrode was examined to establish a simple and rapid method for the routine determination of nitrate in cheese. Removal of fat and protein from the cheese suspension was carried out by heating and cooling method, followed by the aluminum resin treatment. Of the anions present in cheese, only chloride was found to affect the potential of nitrate solutions. Such interference was controlled by the use of silver resin, the treatment being carried out simultaneously with aluminum resin treatment. Potential measurements were carried out on thus prepared test solutions. Addition of known amount was used on all samples for the elimination of residual background responses. The established method was successfully applied for the nitrate determination in Samsoe, Cheddar, whey, and processed cheese, the detection limit being 5 mg of NO₃/kg cheese. This method has the advantage of simplicity, rapidity, and accuracy.

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Determination of iron and cobalt content in blood, serum, liver, spleen, kidneys, and bone of rats, administered sodium selenite and sodium selenate repeatedly, was performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. By the influence of selenium dosing, the content of iron decreased in blood, serum, liver, and spleen. Especially, the content in the groups given selenite and selenate decreased to about 50% and 40% of control group in spleen, and about 70% and 60% in serum, respectively. The decrease of cobalt content was observed in blood, liver, and bone. It decreased to about 30% of control group in blood of selenite group, and about 80% in liver of both treated groups. These results indicated that the dose of selenium compounds might affect the normal metabolism of these important metals.

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This report describes the separation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAH) by the reversed phase thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on Kieselguhr G impregnated with 10% liquid paraffin using acetonitril·water (13 : 7) as a solvent. The separation patterns of 28 kinds of PNAH by this method were compared with those obtained by the TLC systems using acetylated cellulose and Kieselgel. Distribution of Rb (Rf value relative to benzo [a] pyrene) was 0.57-1.90 for the liquid paraffin-Kieselguhr G, 1.00-2.44 for the acetylated cellulose, and 0.45-1.38 for the Kieselgel. Thin-layer chromatography with liquid paraffin-Kieselguhr G is effective for the separation of PNAH, particularly because of its rapidity.

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Distribution of heavy metals in the Sagami River water was examined using the previously devised apparatus for collecting metal ions with a cation-exchange resin columun. The collection was made for 1 week in July, September, and December, 1975, and March 1976. The sampling stations were four points from the upper to lower part of the river. A large number of heavy metals were found in a very high concentration in the middle of the river, but their concentration decreased at the lower part of the river by adsorption on suspended solids. Pb, Ni, and Cu were found in the highest concentrations at station 2, and Mn, Fe, and Zn at station 3. Cd was found in the highest concentration at station 1, as a background, by a geological effect.

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The present experiment was undertaken in an attempt to elucidate the correlation between the effect of antioxidants commonly used as additives for food and the kind and concentrations of fats and oils in food. The degree of oxidation of fats and oils was determined by the use of peroxide value (POV), and their stability by Active Oxygen Method (AOM). The highest AOM-stabilizing effect for vegetable oils was found in propyl gallate (PG) and isoamyl gallate (IAG), while butyl hydroxy anisol (BHA) was practically ineffective in this point. In prevention of oxidation of lard nor-dihydro guaiaretic acid (NDGA) was found to be the most effective, and in that of methyl oleate BHA showed the highest activity. The potency of other antioxidants was found to be in the decreased in the order of BHA, ethyl protocatechuate (EP) and guaiac resin, irrespective of the kind of fats and oils. With respect to the correlation between the level of antioxidants in food and their effect on prevention of oxidation, an increase in levels of antioxidants in food was proved to be associated with an increase in the effectiveness for vegetable oils, but somewhat different tendency was seen for lard.

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The Actinomycetes strain A, isolated from the bottom sediment in the Sengari Reservoir, the largest water source of Kobe city, was cultured in the MYA (malt, yeast extract agar) medium at 25°for 10 days, and the culture with the medium was submitted to steam distillation to concentrate the volatile odoriferous substance. This distillate was systematically extracted into fractions I (neutral substance), II (phenolic substance), III (acid substance), IV (basic substance), and V (amphoteric substance). From the retention time in gas chromatography and from the result of gas chromatographymass spectrometry, geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol, the musty odor substances, and 2-phenylethanol aving aromatic (flowery) odor were isolated from fraction I, and phenol and m-cresol were identified in fraction II. A basic substance with a musty odor was isolated from fraction IV but its structure has remained unidentified.

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