Eisei kagaku
Print ISSN : 0013-273X
Volume 25, Issue 5
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
  • YOUKI OSE, TETSUYA ISHIKAWA, TAKAHIKO SATO
    1979 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 229-244
    Published: October 31, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The mechanism of removal of night soil components by treatment plant is reviewed. For night soil, two aerobic treatment systems are mainly used ; the one is a direct treatment of raw night soil by aerobic digestion and the other is a treatment with activated sludge after anerobic digestion of night soil. The mechanisms for removal of substances responsible for BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) and COD (chemical oxygen demand), and of nitrogen compounds by these two methods are described. Identification of substances remaining in the effluent from both treatment methods, and of the chloroform-forming substances on chlorination are reviewed.
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  • SHOJI KOJIMA, MORIO KIYOZUMI, MINORU KAMIYA, YUKO ISHIMATSU
    1979 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 245-250
    Published: October 31, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effects of various proteins and amino acids on the in situ rat small intestinal absorption of cadmium were studied. Proteins such as glycinin, ovalbumin, and β-lactoglobulin significantly decreased the intestinal absorption of cadmium. On the other hand, amino acids such as L-cysteine, L-histidine, and L-proline promoted the absorption of the metal. We concluded that proteins which are little absorbed from the small intestine decrease the amount of free cadmium available to be transported across the intestinal wall by binding the metal, resulting in depression of the absorption of the metal. On the other hand, the stimulatory effect of amino acids on the intestinal absorption of cadmium occurs because amino acids taken up into the mucosal tissue depress the binding of cadmium to the intestinal tissue by the formation of complexes with the metal, and the relatively stable complex of amino acid with cadmium, which is formed in the lumen, is transported across the intestinal wall.
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  • KEIICHI TANAKA, KAORI SUEDA, FUKUKO HASHIDA, SATOMI ONOSAKA
    1979 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 251-255
    Published: October 31, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to study the relationship of liver function to cadmium metabolism, rats which had been pretreated with ethionine or carbon tetrachloride, or which had received partial resection of the liver, were injected subcutaneously with 109CdCl2. 109Cd uptake by various organs and the 109Cd-metallothionein level in the liver and kidneys were examined. In rats with liver disorder induced by ethionine or carbon tetrachloride, the cadmium uptake by, and the metallothionein level in the liver were depressed, while they were markedly elevated in organs other than liver, especially in the kidneys. Upon partial resection of the liver, on the other hand, the cadmium uptake by, and the metallothionein level in the liver elevated. Partial hepatectomy also caused the cadmium uptake by and the metallothionein level in the kidneys to be elevated and the level was also elevated to a lesser degree in all other organs. These results confirm the importance of the liver in cadmium metabolism.
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  • MASAYOSHI YAMAGUCHI, SHOJI OKADA
    1979 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 256-261
    Published: October 31, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The toxic effect of orally administered tin compounds was examined in rats. Stannous chloride and concentrated solution of tin eluted from canned citric acid (can-tin solution) were used. The latter is a model compound of tin from canned food. The rats were administered with the compounds, at a dose of 30 mg Sn/kg at each time, 6 times at 12 hr intervals, and then bled 17 hr after the last administrotion. Both compounds caused femoral deposition of tin. The deposition was also found in the stomach only after stannous chloride. Of the biochemical markers tested, gastric acid secretion, duodenal alkaline phosphatase activity, serum calcium concentration, hepatic phosphorylase activity, and femoral calcium content were significantly reduced by the administration of stannous chloride. On the other hand, only femoral calcium content was significantly decreased by can-tin solution. These results suggest that, in the experimental condition of the present study, bone is the target organ of inorganic tin compounds, possibly, in any chemical form.
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  • YOSHIKO SHIRAISHI, SENJI SUENAGA, TSUYAKO SHIROTORI
    1979 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 262-267
    Published: October 31, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This report describes a simple determination method for benzo [α] pyrene in various dust. The procedure is as follows : Dust is extracted with hexane or toluene by shaking or ultrasonic extraction. The extract is purified through alumina column (1×30 cm) containing 1% water, and the column is eluted with hexane : ether (2 : 1). Benzo [α] pyrene is then determined by fluorophotometry (exc. 365 or 383 nm ; em. 403±3 nm). In the case of tabacco smoke, the extract was partitioned with dimethyl-sulfoxide before column chromatography. The recovery of benzo [α] pyrene by the proposed method was 87-93% for airborne particulates and 97% for other dust (except for the soil sample extracted by the ultrasonic method). Benzo [α] pyrene was detected at the levels of 12.5±10.3 μg/g in airborne particulates, 1.6-7.1 μg/g in tabacco smoke, 1.3-9.1 μg/g in other smoke and vapor, 0.13±0.08 μg/g in the dust deposited in a living room, and 0.015-0.097 μg/g in surface soil.
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  • SATOMI ONOSAKA, KEIICHI TANAKA, MICHIKO TOYAMA, KUNIO OKAHARA
    1979 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 268-270
    Published: October 31, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The quantity of metallothionein (MT) in the urine was considered to be an indicator of health effect of cadmium, and a method for its quantitative determination was examined. 1) Reaction of 109Cd with urine and subsequent treatment with a hemolysate resulted in almost complete removal of 109Cd other than that in the MT fraction. Therefore, MT in the urine was determined by this method. 2) Limit of determination of MT in the urine by this method was found to be over 11 ng as cadmium bound to MT in 1.0 ml of urine. 3) Urinary level of MT was determined by this method in urine from patients of Itai-Itai disease and from normal healthy persons. However, the quantity of MT was so small in both groups and could not be determined.
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  • BANICHI TOMITA, MICHIHIKO SHIMIZU, NORIKATSU HAMAMURA, YOUKI OSE
    1979 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 271-278
    Published: October 31, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To eliminate interference in the measurement of anion-active surfactants by the Methylene Blue method, an air-stripping technique was studied. 1) The pH of water sample (containing 0.005-1.25 mg as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, DBS) was adjusted to ca. 7, and transferred into the air-stripping apparatus. Thirty ml of 10% (w/v) NaCl was added to the sample and the whole was diluted to 300 ml with distilled water. After addition of 10 ml of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), the sample was aerated at the rate of 0.1 l/min for 10 min at room temperature, and the MIBK layer was taken into a 50-ml beaker. Another 10 ml of MIBK was added to the sample and aerated in the same manner. The MIBK layer was separated and combined with the former in the beaker. After evaporation of MIBK, the residue was dissolved in distilled water on a water bath, and the content of DBS was determined by the Methylene Blue method. The recovery at the concentration of 0.40 mg/l of DBS was above 95% by this method. 2) The recovery of DBS from a solution containing 0.40 mg/l of underground water, river water, or effluent from wastewater treatment plants was 98.6±3.7% (n=20). 3) Interference of coexisting substances on the determination, such as SCN-, S2-, picric acid, etc., was removed by this method. Cation-active surfactants interfered negatively even by this method. Compared to the values obtained without the air-stripping technique, those obtained with the technique were always lower.
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  • MASAYOSHI TATSUZAWA, RIEKO MATSUDA, TAKUJI YAMAMIYA, AKIRA EJIMA
    1979 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 279-283
    Published: October 31, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A rapid and sensitive high-speed liquid chromatographic assay was developed for acetaminophen, ethoxybenzamide, caffeine, and chlorpheniramine maleate in anti-cold drugs. Acetaminophen, ethoxybenzamide, and caffeine were separated by injection of methanol solution into the column (50 cm×3 mm) packed with Hilachi Gel 3011 (styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer) and eluted with mixture of methanol-28% ammonia water (99 : 1) and detected at 280 nm. Chlorpheniramine maleate was separated by injection of aqueous solurion into the column (50 cm×3 mm) packed with Hitachi Gel 3011, eluted with a mixture of acetonitrile-28% ammonia water (99 : 1), and detected at 225 nm.
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  • MASAYOSHI TATSUZAWA, RIEKO MATSUDA, TAKUJI YAMAMIYA, AKIRA EJIMA
    1979 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 284-288
    Published: October 31, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A rapid and sensitive high-speed liquid chromatographic assay was developed for aspirin, aspirin aluminium, salicylic acid, acetaminophen, aminopyrine, and sulpyrine in antipyretic preparations. Aspirin, salicylic acid, acetaminophen, aminopyrine, and sulpyrine were separated by injection of the solution into a column (50 cm×3 mm i.d.) packed with Hitachi Gel 3011. Aspirin, salicylic acid, and acetaminophen were eluted with methanol-glacial acetic acid (99 : 1) and detected at 280 and 310 nm. Aminopyrine was eluted with methanol-28% ammonia water (99 : 1) and detected at 280 nm. Aspirin aluminium was dissolved in methanol-phosphoric acid (99 : 1) at 50°to prepare a sample solution.
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