衛生化学
Print ISSN : 0013-273X
28 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1~9を表示しています
  • 石館 基
    1982 年 28 巻 6 号 p. 291-304
    発行日: 1982/12/30
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Short-term tests in vitro as well as in vivo using mammalian cells are reliable and useful screening tools for the chemicals which may have any carcinogenic potential and/or genetic hazard. Chromosomal aberration test in vitro combined with or without a metabolic activation appeared to be a suitable method for mass screening level and it could cover a few carcinogens which gave a false negative in microbial mutation assays like Ames test. The clastogenic activity was generally well correlated with the mutagenic potential in the Ames test, if the positive data were compared and quantitatively evaluated. The results obtained from in vitro systems, however, did not always reflect those obtained from in vivo system. Therefore whole animal tests such as bone marrow cytogenetics, micronucleus test, spot test and others were further recommended as the secondary system to confirm the data obtained from in vitro primary tests. Technological problems of the method as well as qualitative or quantitative evaluation on the screening data were discussed on the basis of our experiments which had been carried out on more than 500 different chemicals including well-known carcinogens, such as food additives, medicinal drugs, pesticides, house-hold materials and other industrial chemicals.
  • 垣原 高志, 石田 達也, 木嶋 敬二
    1982 年 28 巻 6 号 p. 305-324
    発行日: 1982/12/30
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Cosmetics are regulated by the pharmaceutical affairs law in our country. In this review, we describe the definition of cosmetics from the standpoint of that law, and also mention the following matters from the view-point of hygienics. 1) Efficacy of cosmetics : evaluation methods by means of dermatological approach, and the problems for further discussion. 2) Safety of cosmetics : test methods, and information in the literature. 3) Microbiology for cosmetics : test methods, and preventive measures for microbiological contamination. 4) Percutaneous absorption for cosmetics : outline, and observations. 5) Analytical chemistry for cosmetics : analytical instruments, and their applications.
  • 牛尾 房雄, 大石 真之, 船山 恵市, 道口 正雄
    1982 年 28 巻 6 号 p. 325-329
    発行日: 1982/12/30
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The accumulation of polychlorinated terphenyls (PCTs) and metabolic rates of three types of PCT isomers (polychlorinated ortho-, meta- and para-terphenyls) were investigated for 56 days after a single intraperitoneal administration at 10 mg/mouse. The concentrations of PCTs in adipose tissue increased gradually through the experimental period, while the levels of PCTs in liver peaked at the 1st day after administration and receded rapidly with the passage of times. A significant difference in the composition of accumulated PCTs was found between PCTs in liver and in adipose tissue. The PCTs found in the adipose tissue at the 56 th day after administration were constituted of 14.2% for ortho-, 41.9% for meta- and 43.9% for para-terphenyl. The relative amounts of three terphenyl isomers found in the adipose tissue of mouse were quite similar to those of terphenyl isomers of PCTs accumulated in human adipose tissue. The composition of PCTs in liver changed remarkably with times. The relative amounts of ortho-, meta- and para-terphenyl contained in the PCT residues in the liver at the 1st day were 9.6%, 59.0% and 31.4%, respectively, while those of respective isomers were 7.2%, 79.5% and 13.4% at the 56th day. These results suggest that para-PCTs are more rapidly eliminated from liver than ortho- and meta-PCTs. This finding was confirmed by the fact that the biological half-lives of para-PCTs on both rapid and slow phases were shorter than those of ortho- and meta-PCTs.
  • 大島 晴美, 山田 貞二, 野田 直希, 早川 順子, 宇野 圭一, 楢府 直大
    1982 年 28 巻 6 号 p. 330-334
    発行日: 1982/12/30
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to devise a simple and reliable method for the analysis of main components contained in oxidative hair dyes, determination by thin layer densitometry was examined and the following procedure was recommended. Sample and standard solutions were spotted on a silica gel plate. The plate was developed with benzene-ethylacetate (1 : 1 v/v) for the separation of 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine, o-aminophenol, m-aminophenol, p-aminophenol, resorcinol and with ethylacetate for p-phenylenediamine, toluene-2, 5-diamine, p-methoxy-m-phenylenediamine. The plate was sprayed with Ehrlich's reagent and each ingredient was visualized by heating for 30 min at 70°C. Densitometric determination was carried out with dual-wavelength TLC scanner. The proposed method was applicable to the analysis of hair dye ingredients without influence of contaminants in commercial hair dyes.
  • 山田 貞二, 大島 晴美, 野田 直希, 早川 順子, 宇野 圭一
    1982 年 28 巻 6 号 p. 335-340
    発行日: 1982/12/30
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Hair dye ingredients in commercial oxidative hair dyes were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Eight kinds of hair dye ingredients were well separated with reversed phase partition mode within 9 min, employing cyanopropylated Zorbax as a stationary phase and aqueous acetonitrile solution containing 1-heptanesulfonic acid as a mobile phase. Under these operating conditions, detection limits of individual hair dye ingredients were as follows. 2-Nitro-p-phenylenediamine, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine : 0.1 μg, o-aminophenol, m-aminophenol, p-aminophenol, p-phenylenediamine, resorcinol : 0.4 μg, toluene-2, 5-diamine : 1.0 μg. Silica gel column chromatography was applied for the separation of hair dye ingredients from contaminants (surfactant, hair protectant, and so on) in commercial hair dyes. Recoveries of individual hair dye ingredients were more than 95%. This method with cleanup procedure on a silica gel column was much suitable for the determination of hair dye ingredients in commercial oxidative hair dyes.
  • 鎌田 国広, 観 照雄, 吉原 武俊, 原田 裕文
    1982 年 28 巻 6 号 p. 341-345
    発行日: 1982/12/30
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Method for the quantitative determination of corticosteroids (CCS), such as cortisone acetate, hydrocortisone acetate, cortisone, prednisone, hydrocortisone and prednisolone, in cosmetic products by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was described. The CCS was extracted from samples with dichloromethane, the extract was evaporoted, and the residue was dissolved in hexane. The hexane layer was shaked with acetonitrile, the acetonitrile layer was concentrated and the CCS determined by HPLC on a Zorbax SIL column, by using ethanol-chloroform-hexane (1 : 2 : 7) as eluting solvent and a 240 nm UV monitor for detection. The calibration curve showed linearity in the range of 0.01-0.1 μg of CCS. The recovery of CCS added to cosmetic samples was 91.0-98.2%. When this method was applied to the analysis of CCS in commercial samples, CCS could be determined without any influence of obstructive substance.
  • 小野坂 敏見, 三隅 一彦, 梅本 佳弘, 加藤 智康, 閔 庚善, 福原 千佳子, 田中 慶一
    1982 年 28 巻 6 号 p. 346-351
    発行日: 1982/12/30
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    When a solution of zinc sulfate was injected to rat subcutaneously at a dose of 20 mg Zn/kg, the concentration of metallothionein in the pancreas reached the maximum value 36 h after the administration and then decreased with an apparent half-life of 30.9 h. Therefore, Zn-thionein-I and -II were purified by use of gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 and DEAE-cellulose chromatography, from the pancreas of rat given with ten times of subcutaneous injection of a solution of Zinc sulfate at a dose of 20 mg/kg every 24 h. These samples were found to be homogeneous by disc electrophoresis. The results of their absorption spectra and amino acid analyses have the characteristics of Zn-thioneins. From these results the synthesis of Zn-thioneis which resembles metallothionein in the liver was shown to be induced in the organs by the administration of Zn.
  • 吉田 江里, 藤本 義典
    1982 年 28 巻 6 号 p. 352-356
    発行日: 1982/12/30
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effects of nitrate, ammonium and nitrite ions on the COD values of glycine, caffeine, L-tryptophane, L-proline, methylamines, aniline, N-methylanilines, and urea were investigated. The COD values of these compounds were little influenced by nitrate ion, and, those of L-tryptophane, L-proline and anilines were increased by ammonium ion. On the other hand, in the copresence of nitrite ion the COD value of urea decreased and those of L-proline and methylamines graatly increased. These phenomena may suggest that nitrite rapidly reacts with the compounds to produce some other derivatives on the way of COD measurement.
  • 松本 久男, 宮島 幸子, 小原 由子
    1982 年 28 巻 6 号 p. 357-362
    発行日: 1982/12/30
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Determination of chemical oxygen demand using permanganate (CODMn) is frequently used as an index of water pollution caused by the effluents from factories. But this oxidation reaction is incomplete and special heating condition for the official methods should be maintained. Then, in this report, a semimicro method of COD determination using 20 ml of sample water was devised and heating condition was checked with time course of elevating temperature of test solutions. COD values of dicarboxylic acids, or amino acids increased gradually with heating time and detection of small difference of heating condition could be detected. In these methods, good agreement of COD values of semimicro method to the ones of the official method could be obtained, so the improved semimicro method is applicable to the CODMn determination of various sample waters very efficiently.
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