衛生化学
Print ISSN : 0013-273X
29 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の11件中1~11を表示しています
  • 永沼 章
    1983 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 173-187
    発行日: 1983/08/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Selenium is an essential trace element and supposed to play many biological roles. It is possible that protective effect of selenium on toxicities of heavy metals such as mercury and cadmium is one of the important biological roles of this essential element. It has been observed that behavior of mercuric mercury in animals is markedly affected by administration of selenium compounds and its toxicity dramatically decreased. The possible mechanism of the interaction between selenium and mercuric mercury in animals is summarized in this review. Toxicity of methylmercury is also protected by selenium, but the mechanism has not yet been clarified. Role of glutathione peroxidase, acceleration of methylmercury degradation and formation of bis (methylmercuric) selenide, are discussed as possible mechanisms of the modification of methylmercury toxicity by selenium.
  • 及川 紀久雄, 斎藤 浩子, 藤井 正美
    1983 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 188-191
    発行日: 1983/08/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Ion chromatography was found to be very useful for analyzing bromide and bromate ions in food. We studied the behavior of bromate and bromide ions in kamaboko-steamed by ion chromatography. It was found that the residual rate of bromate in kamaboko-steamed was approximately 36% at the added level of 1, 000μg/g, but it decreased markedly when the added levels went down. At levels of less than 50μg/g, bromate ions were not detected.
  • 丸茂 義輝
    1983 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 192-198
    発行日: 1983/08/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Hair samples were collected from 10 persons of whom 5 had been subjected to permanent waving treatment and the others had never been treated. Samples were cut into small pieces (about 5 mm), mixed thoroughly and washed with acetone-ethanol mixture (1 : 1) prior to experiments. 1. Adsorption : When the hair samples were soaked in the solutions containing metal ions, the ions were adsorbed on the hairs, particularly on the permanent waved ones. The relative degree of adsorption was Hg»Cu≒Pb>Cd≒Zn≒Ni≒Co>Ba≒Sr>Ca≒Mg»K>Na. 2. Elution : Hg was scarcely removed from the hair samples by soaking in deionized water and dilute HCl (1→20). Elution of Pb and Cu from the hair samples showed two types. The first one was similar to that of Hg, observed in the samples which contained relatively small amount of Pb or Cu, less than 30 ppm. The second type was observed in the samples containing Pb or Cu more than 30 ppm. From these samples, some extent of Pb or Cu were removed by soaking in water or dilute HCl (1→20) until the contents became to a similar level to those of the first type, and these elements were no longer removed further. A small portion of Ca, Mg, Zn, Co, Ni, and Cd in the hair samples was removed by soaking in water, and almost whole amount of them was removed by soaking in dilute HCl (1→20). On the other hand a large portion of Na and K was removed from the hair samples by soaking in water.
  • 森田 邦正, 深町 和美, 常盤 寛
    1983 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 199-205
    発行日: 1983/08/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The concentrations of 1-nitropyrene and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons were measured in a variety of air borne and source particulate samples. Airborne and automobile exhaust particulates were collected on glass fiber filters by high volume air sampler. Organic compounds in the samples were extracted with benzene-methanol (4 : 1, v/v) using Soxhlet apparatus. The compounds extracted were separated into neutral, acidic and basic fractions. The neutral fraction was chromatographed on a silica gel column and divided into four portions. Pyrene, fluoranthene and benzo (a) pyrene were contained in the secound fraction which was eluted with hexane-benzene (1 : 1, v/v), were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. 1-Nitropyrene was contained in the third fraction which was eluted with benzene and then, was converted to 1-aminopyrene by the reduction with hydrochloric acid and zinc powder. 1-Aminopyrene extracted with benzene was converted to the acyl derivative with heptafluorobutyric anhydride. 1-Aminopyrene-heptafluorobutyric derivative was determined by means of gas chromatograph equipped with a 63Ni electron capture detector and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Airborne particulate matter collected at the industrial area and in a tunnel contained 1-nitro-pyrene of 0.24-0.48μg/g (21.5-71.6pg/m3) and 0.35-0.96μg/g (0.94-5.65ng/m3), respectively. 1-Nitropyrene detected from the catalyst car was accounted for 0.8μg/g, and that from diesel car 4.9-28.1μg/g in particulate. Two isomers of nitropyrene were detected from the airborne particulate matter, one of which was 4-nitropyrene, and the other was 2-nitropyrene or nitrofluoranthene.
  • 角田 紀子
    1983 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 206-211
    発行日: 1983/08/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Sep-Pak C18 cartridge was applied to selective extraction of paraquat from water, human urine, human blood, cow's milk and beverages. 1) Paraquat in distilled water was quantitatively retained on Sep-Pak C18 cartridge by adjusting the sample to pH 13, and quantitatively recovered by elution of 2 ml of 0.1N hydrochloric acid from the cartridge. 2) A sample (1-5ml) adjusted pH to 13 with 1N sodium hydroxide solution was injected into a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge, 3 ml of distilled water put into the cartridge to eliminate other components, and then 2 ml of 0.1N hydrochloric acid and 3×1 ml of distilled water were passed through the cartridge to elute paraquat. Prior to application to the cartridge, a blood sample was deproteinized with perchloric acid. The eluate was filled up to 5 ml with distilled water for determination of paraquat. No interferance was observed for colorimetric determination after reduction of paraquat in alkaline sodium dithionite solution. 3) Paraquat in spiked materials was quantitatively detected at the level of 10μg, and the minimum detectable amount of the herbicide was more or less 2μg with this method. As a pretreatment for analysis of drugs in biological samples by instrumental analyses such as gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography, Sep-Pak C18 is very useful for its cleanliness, simplicity, rapidity, efficiency and reproducibility.
  • 宮越 護, 早川 ゆみ子, 永山 富雄
    1983 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 212-220
    発行日: 1983/08/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Fourteen kinds of commercial cosmetic azo-dyes and their authentic compounds which were synthesized and purified were tested for their mutagenic activities in Ames test. Total number of commercial samples tested was 65. Orange 203 was mutagenic to S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 without S9 mix. and Red 228 was highly mutagenic after it was treated with S9 mix. Red 201, 202, 219 and 220 showed the weak mutagenic activities to S. typhimurium TA98 which would be due to impurities contained in these azo-dyes. Red 203, 204, 207, 221, 505, Orange 205, 403 and Yellow 401 showed no mutagenic activities to both strains of bacteria with or without S9 mix.
  • 小野坂 敏見, 吉屋 祥子, 閔 庚善, 福原 千佳子, 田中 慶一
    1983 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 221-225
    発行日: 1983/08/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Daily subcutaneous injection of twelve kinds of metal into rats were carried out for one, two or four days at a dosage of 10 mg per kg. After measuring the concentrations of metallothionein and metals in four kinds of organ, the following results were obtained. 1) The apparent inducibilities of metallothionein by Co and Ni in the liver were almost the same as that by Zn. Those by Ca and Mn were 0.44 and 0.36 times that of Zn, respectively. By the administration of Al, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Na or Pb no significant increase in the concentration of metallothionein in the liver was detected. 2) The apparent inducibility of metallothionein by Ni in the kidney was about twice that by Zn. Co also had a weak apparent inducibility. No other metals used in this experiment increased the concentration of metallothionein in the kidney. 3) Metals other than Zn examined did not induce metallothionein in the small intestine and pancreas. 4) Although a positive correlation was detected between Zn and metallothionein concentration in the organs when metallothionein was induced, between metals administered and metallothionein concentration in the organs a positive correlation was not always given.
  • 寺田 久屋, 麻野間 正晴, 坪内 春夫, 石原 利克, 坂部 美雄
    1983 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 226-231
    発行日: 1983/08/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    A rapid and reproducible method for the determination of residual sulfisoxazole (SFX), sulfamonomethoxine (SMM), sulfadimethoxine (SDM) and sulfaquinoxaline (SQX) in chicken tissues and egg by high-performance liquid chromatography was investigated. A sample was dried on Micro-cel E and homogenized with chloroform-acetic acid (98 : 2). The drugs were extracted from the organic solvent with 3N hydrochloric acid. The acidic solution was neutralized to suitable pH (6-7) with 12N sodium hydroxide. The extract was made acid again with 1.5N hydrochloric acid and injected into SEP-PAK C18 cartridge. The sulfonamides were eluted with methanol from the cartridge and the eluate was evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in a mixture of methanol-0.03M phosphate buffer pH 5.0 (3 : 7)+0.005M tetra n-butylammonium bromide (TBA) and injected on a Li Chrosorb RP-18 column and eluted with a mixture of methanol-0.03M phosphate buffer pH 5.0 (7 : 13)+0.005M TBA. The effluent was monitored with ultraviolet detector at a wavelength of 260 nm. The recoveries of the sulfonamides added to chicken muscle, liver and egg at the 0.1 ppm level ranged from 77.0% to 103.0%. The detection limits were 0.005 ppm for SFX, SMM, SDM and SQX.
  • 神津 公, 細井 要一, 大津留 修
    1983 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 232-236
    発行日: 1983/08/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Carbaryl and propanil contained in soft drink were determined simulataneously by high performance liquid chromatography with a UV detector by use of stainless column (4.0mm×0.15m) packed with Nucleosil 5C18. Mobile phase was methanol-H2O (60 : 40). The sample solution adjusted to pH 12 with ammonia after adding α-amylase solution was extracted with ether by using a column of Extrelut. Determination was carried out successfully by using clotiazepam as an internal standard and by maintaining the temperature at 50°C. Each recovery of carbaryl and propanil from soft drink (NAC : 30μg/0.2ml), (DCPA : 80μg/0.2ml) was 97.6±2.9% and 99.5±2.3%. Each content of carbaryl and propanil detected in the sample (1.248g) was 0.208 mg and 1.436 mg.
  • 松本 久男, 小原 由子
    1983 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 237-241
    発行日: 1983/08/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Masking effect on chemical oxygen demand (COD) values to chloride ions by silver salts was investigated by using semimicro acidic high-temperature permanganate method. Chloride ions react with permanganate, but the reaction was incomplete and the COD showed larger values after 60 min heating than 30 min. In the blank test, oxygen demand by chloride ions was masked with AgNO3 added near to the equivalent amount. Chemical oxygen demand of glucose and p-hydroxybenzoic acid was almost unaffected with increasing addition of silver salts when chloride ion was absent, and these substances were used as examples of organic substances. When chloride ions were masked with AgNO8 in the presence of glucose or p-hydroxybenzoic acid, the decrease of COD values was recognized at the near equivalent point of Cl- and silver. As a reason of the decrease, NO-3 ion, increased by the addition of AgNO3, affected the end point of titration with 0.025N KMnO4 in the presence of AgCl precipitate and produced a difficulty in recognition of pale reddish color of KMnO4. This decreasing effect on COD values was completely diminished by the further addition of definite amount of silver salts, but moderate amount of excess AgNO3 necessary for COD determination in the presence of chloride ions will be investigated in the following experiments.
  • YASUHIDE TONOGAI, AMORN WONGRUKPANICH, CHAWEEWON HALILAMIAN
    1983 年 29 巻 4 号 p. 242-246
    発行日: 1983/08/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Ninety samples of plastic food containers (cup, dish, plate, bowl, vegetable oil bottle, etc.) in Thailand were surveyed according to the Japanese Food Sanitation Law. Elution tests were carried out on polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, melamine, polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride. Material tests were carried out on polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride. Many samples contained large amounts of non-volatile residues. This suggests that the plastics contain large amounts of additives, such fillers, antioxidants, plasticizers, etc.
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