A compound of 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrachloroethylene (TET) is used as an inner standard for the determination of trichloroethylene (TRI) and tetrachloroethylene (PER) in detergents used for keeping toilet clean by headspace-gas chromatography. As small peaks appeared near at the retention time of TRI under alkaline solution, however, compounds decomposed from the inner standard solution were investigated. Main compounds, which were produced by the decomposition of the TET, were only TRI under alkaline solution, and chloroform and TRI under alkaline solution with solution hypochloride, and two unknown compounds at the retention times of 1.1 and 1.5 min under acidic conditions with phosphoric acid and sodium hypochloride. According to the regression equation between molecular weight and retention times and the comparison of their retention times with those of each standard, they were identified as methyl chloride and 1, 1-dichloroethylene, respectively.

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Methamphetamine in the human urine wasdirectly determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) by using a polyvinylalcohlic column and alkali mobile phase. The detailed conditions were as follows : column : Asahipak GS-320M 7.6 mm i.d.×100 mm, column temp. : 40°C, mobile phase : 80% {0.02 M NaHCO₃+0.02 M Na₂CO₃ (8 : 2)} +20% CH₃CN, flow rate : 1.0 ml/min, detector : UV photometer (207 nm). The urine was directly injected into HPLC. Methamphetamine was eluted by adsorption chromatography, and separated from endogenous urine constituents. Determination of methamphetamine was carried out successfully by using the calibration curve by peak high (1-10μg/ml). The recovery of methamphetamine added to the human urine (5μg/ml) was 92.0±1.0%.

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A method for the simultaneous determination of organic acids was investigated by photometric ion chromatography by using two different eluents. A 4.6 mm i.d.×25 cm stainless column packed with MCI GEL SCA 01 (Mitsubishi Chemical Ind., Ltd.) was used as a separator column. Sample was injected into this column previously equilibrated with 1 mM citraconic acid at pH 6.8. After elution of monobasic organic acids, the eluent was exchanged to a stronger one, 1 mM m-sulfobenzoic acid at pH 6.8. Dibasic organic acids were eluted before the column reequilibration with the secondary eluent. On the other hand, tribasic organic acids such as citric acid were eluted with the secondary eluent. To prevent the base line disorder due to the eluent exchange, the determination at 254 nm was performed. Because this wave length is an isosbestic point of the two eluents. Sour-taste agents in soft drinks could be analysed directly after dilution of samples.

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An efficient method for the determination of tetramine (tetramethylammonium, TM) in the salivary gland of gastropods (Neptunea intersculpta) was developed by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with NH₂-bonded silica gel column and refractive index (RI) detector. Isolation procedure is as follow. The homogenized salivary gland was refluxed in methanol for 30 min and the mixture was filtered after cooling. The methanol extract was then concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was defatted with ether. The resulting aqueous layer was chromatographed on a column of DEAE-Sephadex A-25 and Sephadex LH-20. The tetramine chloride (TM-Cl) sample thus obtained was injected into a TSK-gel NH₂60 (4.6 mm i.d.×25 cm) column at 40°C by using methanol as a mobile phase. The retention times for TM-Cl and internal standard (ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate) were 3.6 min and 6.6 min, respectively. Recovery of TM-Cl from the salivary gland was 97.8%, and the determination limit was defined as 0.3 mg/g. The content (mg) of TM-Cl in the salivary gland of N. intersculpta was 9.8-5.7 mg/g.

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The daily intakes of dietary fiber (DF) for the period from 1949 to 1984 were calculated according to national nutrition survey in Japan. The daily intake of DF had gradually decreased during the period from 1949 (17.9 g) to 1984 (14.2 g). The daily intake of cellulose, had slightly decreased during the period from 1949 (8.5 g) to 1970 (6.8 g) and its recent intake was 7.6 g. The daily intake of hemicellulose, which had decreased during the period from 1949 (5.7 g) to 1965 (4.0 g), was about 4.1 g after 1965. The daily intake of lignin, which showed a certain trend during the period from 1949 (3.7 g) to 1971 (3.8 g), suggested a remarkable decrease after 1972. The DF intakes of 12 individuals aged from 30 to 50 years were determined by duplicate collection of food consumed for three successive days. The individual intake of DF was varied from 6.6 g to 16.5 g per day. The average intake and standard deviation was 10.7±1.6 g. A correlation between DF consumption and the death rate of colon cancer from 1950 to 1984 was apparent (γ=-0.739, p<0.01). A negative correlation existed between the intake of hemicellulose and lignin and the death rate of colon cancer (γ=-0.689 and γ=-0.918). A correlation between DF consumption and the death rate of rectum cancer was highly significant (γ=-0.793, p<0.01). A negative correlation existed also between the intake of hemicellulose and lignin and the death rate of rectum cancer (γ=-0.786 and γ=-0.895).

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A facile detection method for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in the gel after electrophoresis of tissue samples was developed. The gel plate was incubated in the presence of alcohol and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and the resultant greenish fluorescent spots of NADH (reduced form of NAD) were detected under a 365-nm ultraviolet (UV) lamp. The gel plate was laid on a sheet of photographic paper and exposed to a flash of the UV light. From the photograph, the activity of ADH could be estimated. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) was similary detectable with acetaldehyde as the substrate instead of alcohol.

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A simpler procedure for the routine measurement of methanol (MeOH) in house hold aerosol commodities was studied by the microdiffusion analysis. MeOH in the aerosols was converted to formaldehyde (HCHO) by potassium permanganate in an outer ring of Conway microdiffusion cells. The HCHO is absorbed in 0.1% methylbenzothiazolinonehydrazone (MBTH) solution of a center portion by means of diffusion in the cells standing for 4 h. at 40°C. To the solution of the center portion is added 1 ml of 5% ferric ammonium sulfate solution for color development. This procedure is available in screening of many samples examined for MeOH comparing the colors between the tested and standard solution. The samples positive toward MeOH are further examined by gas chromatography. A minimum amount of MeOH detectable by this method was 0.1 mg/g (sample).

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Simultaneous determination of various kinds of pesticides (carbamate, urea and acid-amide derivatives) was described. The pesticides were extracted from sample with acetonitrile or acetone, diluted with 10% NaCl solution, and re-extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was concentrated, purified with Sep-pak Florisil^[○!R], derivatized to the corresponding methyl or trifluoroacetyl derivatives, and then determined by gas chromatograph with a flame thermionic or electron capture detector. Recoveries of 12 pesticides (swep, chloropropham, diuron, linuron, propanil, propyzamide, propoxur, isoprocarb, BPMC : o-sec-butylphenyl methylcarbamate, XMC : 3, 5-xylyl methylcarbamate, MTMC : m-tolyl methylcarbamate, MPMC : 3, 4-xylyl methylcarbamate) added to orange and unpolished-rice at 0.1 ppm, were within the range of 90.5-95.1%.

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The effect of aggregation precipitation on the removal of phosphorus from chemically waste water was investigated. Concentrations of total phosphorus in untreated and treated water discharged from chemical laboratories were determined sixty times from April, 1985, to December, 1985. The average concentrations of total phosphorus in the untreated and treated water were 0.63 and 0.11 mg/l, respectively. The data showed that 76.2% of total phosphorus (average) was eliminated by the aggregation precipitation. In order to clarify the mechanism of removal, the sludge produced by the treating plant was fractionated into easily water-soluble, ferrous salt including aluminum, calcium salt and insoluble fractions. When the contents of total phosphorus in the respective fractions were determined and it was found that about 70% of the total phosphorus was associated with calcium salt fraction. The data suggested that significant amounts of total phosphorus was removed by reaction with calcium hydroxide added during the aggregation precipitation process.

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This Article reports on the discrimination of animal species by analysis of fecal steroids with respect to the illegal disposal of fecal polluted matters. The pollution indicator, the compositional ratio of 24-ethylcoprostanol to coprostanol on gas chromatographic profile was satisfactorily put in practical application. Twenty one subjects were examined for the discrimination, given as mostly polluted water by pig, cattle, and human excretions. The indicator values of these samples were ranged from 0.12 to 0.28 for human (9 samples), from 0.50 to 0.62 for pig (7 samples). One example of beef cattle gave a value of 1.30, and two subjects of cow excretion showed the values of 1.0 and 1.1. These results were all in good agreement with the criteria of human (x^^-, 0.17 ; σx, 0.06 ; γ, 0.77), pig (x^^-, 0.57 ; σx, 0.18 ; γ, 0.70), cow (x^^-, 1.33 ; σx, 0.20 ; γ, 0.94), and beef cattle (Holstein, x^^-, 1.65 ; σx, 0.40 ; γ, 0.65), respectively. Effects of sterol composition in the assorted feeds for pig or cattle on the fecal pollution indicators were investigated. The results showed that main components affecting the indicator value were cholesterol, coprostanol reduced from cholesterol by intestine microorganisms, β-sitosterol, predominantly distributed in plant seeds, and 24-ethylcoprostanol, metabolite from β-sitosterol.

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