衛生化学
Print ISSN : 0013-273X
35 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の13件中1~13を表示しています
  • 山田 英之, 吉村 英敏
    1989 年 35 巻 6 号 p. 383-396
    発行日: 1989/12/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The enzyme systems and the mechanisms involved in the biotransformation of amphetamine, methamphetamine and the related compounds are briefly reviewed. The major themes discussed in this review are : 1) cytochrome P-450 isozymes involved in the deamination, N-dealkylation and aromatic hydroxylation ; 2) the role of cytochrome P-450 and flavin-containing monooxygenase in the N-dealkylation ; 3) the enzymes functioning as hydroxylamine reductase and oxidase ; 4) molecular mechanisms of deamination and N-dealkylation ; 5) metabolic-intermediate complex.
  • 立川 真理子, 澤村 良二, 岡田 昌二
    1989 年 35 巻 6 号 p. 397-407
    発行日: 1989/12/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The structure and function of fish gills are briefly summarized, and the responses to the environmental pollutants are reviewed. Some of environmental pollutants, such as acid rain, metals and organic xenobiotics cause morphological and physiological changes in the gill. The toxicities of these environmental pollutants are often influenced by the conditions of surrounding water, such as pH, hardness, salinity, etc. Therefore, these information will be helpful for evaluating aquatic ecological effects of environmental pollutants.
  • 松本 久男, 村上 和也, 松本 礼子
    1989 年 35 巻 6 号 p. 408-413
    発行日: 1989/12/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Alkylbenzenesulfonates have been used mainly as synthetic detergents, and their decomposition methods by ozone and UV radiation were investigated in this paper. Standard substance of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) was used and the aqueous solutions were treated with ozone (1.5 mg O3/60 cm3/min). UV radiation (15 W low pressure mercury lump) was applied from the interior of the solution. LAS (1×10-3M) was treated with ozone + UV radiation after pretreatment with UV radiation for 3 h. When the removals of LAS were determined by the HPLC method and ethyl violet method, anionic surfactants were decreased by UV radiation alone, but TOC removal was almost negligible. Then TOC was decreased by simultaneous ozone and UV treatment. Decomposition of LAS to acidic compounds was suggested from the time courses of surface tension, pH and the absorbance at 225 nm. LAS (1×10-4M) was treated by ozone + UV radiation without pretreatment, and decomposed rapidly. TOC was decreased by ozone + UV radiation at pH 7.0 more rapidly than at pH of 2.0 or 10.0. Therefore the decomposition method by ozone + UV radiation at neutral pH will be valuable for effluents containing LAS.
  • 佐二木 順子, 高橋 勝弘
    1989 年 35 巻 6 号 p. 414-419
    発行日: 1989/12/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    During the course of screening diarrhetic toxin in bivalves, we observed that ether extract of toxic mussels caused the conversion of oxyhemoglobin to methemoglobin. The ether extract was fractionated by liquid-liquid partition method. Among the preparations, the acidic fraction had the action of converting oxyhemoglobin to methemoglobin. Okadaic acid, which is a diarrhetic toxin in bivalves, did not show such an effect. From these results, it is considered that the conversion of oxyhemoglobin to methemoglobin is caused by some substances in the acidic fraction of ether extract of toxic mussels other than okadaic acid.
  • 松岡 俊恵, 奥田 潤
    1989 年 35 巻 6 号 p. 420-425
    発行日: 1989/12/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    A gas phase mini-circulation apparatus was made and used to release hydrogen cyanide from test blood (1ml) containing cyanide (CN-) by addition of 3 ml of 13.3% phosphoric acid (final concentration : 10%) at 70°C ; the hydrogen cyanide was then absorbed with cooled 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution (5 ml) during gas-phase circulation for 20 min. The amount of cyanide absorbed by the 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution was determined by a modified pyridine-pyrazolone method at 50°C to accelerate the color development. The minimal detectable quantity of cyanide by the proposed colorimetry was 0.1 μg/ml blood. A linear relationship was observed between the absorbance and the amount of cyanide in blood within the range of 0.1-2.5 μg (3.8-96.1 nmol). The recovery was 97.9% and the precision was 2.0% (n=10) when blood (1 ml) containing cyanide (1.2 μg/ml) was used as the test sample. The present method required only 1 h for determination of cyanide in 1 ml of blood. The concentrations of cyanide in blood samples from 5 persons who had died from cyanide poisoning and from 9 who had succumbed in fires were determined by the present method. Significant amounts of cyanide (2.0-22.8 μg/ml, 76.9-876.2 nmol/l) were present in the majority of victims of cyanide poisoning in contrast with the much lower amounts (0-4.9 μg/ml, 0-188.3 nmol/l) in fire victims.
  • 渡辺 文夫, 霜村 修
    1989 年 35 巻 6 号 p. 426-432
    発行日: 1989/12/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Ozone decomposition capacity by ultraviolet ray from a low pressure mercury vapor quartz lamp was studied in order to purify the exhaust gas of photo oxidation apparatus. The lamp used in the experiments was made from a conventional quartz tube. A main spectral line is 253.7 nm in cylinder shaped 8 W lamps. Spectral lines of 200 nm or under are cut. By supplying the air containing constant concentration of ozone into an annular space of a double pipe structure, the relationship between the concentration of residual ozone and gas flow rate (0.025-10 l/min) were examined. In the measurement the starting concentration of ozone was changed into eight degrees (1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 30, 40, 75 ppm), keeping the exposing length of the lamp and the width of the annular space constant (105, 31 mm) in consideration of the influence on decomposition. In each starting ozone cencentration, when the flow rate was brought down, ozone began to decompose rapidly and then disappeared completely. In the case of high concentration, it began to decompose at a small flow rate, and the decreasing ratio was bigger than that of low concentration. In each concentration the relative formula between supplied gas quantity and the decomposition ratio on the log paper was obtained.
  • 坂井 至通, 小瀬 洋喜, 永瀬 久光, 鬼頭 英明, 佐藤 孝彦, 河合 信, 水野 瑞夫
    1989 年 35 巻 6 号 p. 433-443
    発行日: 1989/12/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water extracts were prepared from a hot-water extract of Paeony root, which shows strong antimutagenic activity for benzo [α] pyrene (B [α] p). Among them, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts showed the antimutagenicity. The ethyl acetate extract was fractionated to 20 fractions (Fr.1-20) with Sephadex LH-20, and the n-butanol extract to 6 fractions (Fr.21-26) with preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antimutagenic activity was observed in Fr.2, Fr.9-12, and Fr.22. Gallic acid (GA) was found in Fr.2 and Fr.22, and pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) in Fr.9-12. The amounts of GA and PGG in Paeony root extract were determined by HPLC, and the antimutagenic activity of these extracts were attributable to GA and PGG. Antimutagenic effects of GA and PGG were explored in the following points. They are (I) reaction and adsorption of B [α] p with GA and PGG, (II) inhibition of the enzymatic activity of S9mix by GA and PGG, (III) inactivation of the metabolites of B [α] p by GA and PGG, and (IV) bio-antimutagenic effect of GA and PGG on DNA damaged bacteria. GA and PGG inactivated the metabolites of B [α] p, and PGG inhibited the enzymatic action of S9mix. Their inhibitory effect was recognized as desmutagenic action.
  • 藤田 義彦, 山本 尚美, 中山 睦男, 神原 敬三, 三尾 直樹, 松本 仁, 佐藤 利夫
    1989 年 35 巻 6 号 p. 444-453
    発行日: 1989/12/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Investigations were made on means of identifying the respective components of hair coloring preparations, especially oxidative dyes remaining on human hair. Thirty-four brands of oxidative dyes made by 11 manufacturers were identified by gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) after extraction with ether. Components of 5 brands remaining on hair were identified by GC and GC-MS. The detection percentage was lowest among hair care products of both sexes. The 5 brands were grouped into 3 classes on the basis of components, and 2 of them were identified by characteristic peak (s) detected by GC and GC-MS. Oleyl alcohol, found in 3 brands, cetyl alcohol found in one and stearyl alcohol were common components of women's hair cream and hair treatment and hair rinse. The components of 16 brands were detected by TLC, and patterns of these brands fell into 3 classes. One brand among them was identified by characteristic patterns. Pyrolysis products of 5 brands (pyrolysis temperature 358°C) and of three brands (386°C) were recognized to be different from that of human hair by pyrolysis gas chromatography (PGC) and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (PGC-MS). The different component was isopropanol. These results showed that if major components and isopropanol were detected from dyed hair by GC, GC-MS, TLC, PGC and PGC-MS, the brand of oxidative dye used on the hair could be identified.
  • 大野 浩之, 服部 昌子, 青山 大器
    1989 年 35 巻 6 号 p. 454-459
    発行日: 1989/12/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    A rapid and simple method for the simultaneous determination of trace amounts of six triazine herbicides (prometryn, propazine, ametryn, atrazine, simetryn, simazine) in water was investigated. A 200-500 ml volume of water was pre-concentrated by passage at a flow-rate of about 15 ml/min through Sep Pak C18 cartridge. After washing with 5 ml of hexane, triazine herbicides were eluted with 5 ml of hexane-ethylacetate (80 : 20, v/v). The solvent mixture was concentrated to 1 ml under vacuum at 36-37°C and analysed by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection at 220 nm. The limits of detection were 0.05 μg/l in these herbicides. The coefficients of variation for each herbicide were less than 5%. Simazine was detected in water sampled from two ponds at concentrations of 0.7 and 13.4 μg/l, respectively.
  • 石井 輝司, 石井 公児, 渋沢 三喜, 石井 啓太郎
    1989 年 35 巻 6 号 p. 460-465
    発行日: 1989/12/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The concentrations of sodium ion (Na+), potassium ion (K+), and lactic acid (LA) in human sweat induced by far-infrared radiation (FIR) and physical exercise (PE) were directly measured by high performance liquid chromatography. These samples were collected from two parts of human bodies (arm and breast) with a certain lapse of time in summer and winter seasons. The Na+ was ca. 45% higher in FIR than in PE, two times higher in winter than in summer, and increased with an increase of the amount of perspiration. Whereas, the K+ decreased as amount of perspiration increased, and the highest K+ was observed at the beginning of perspiration. The LA was especially affected by season. In winter, the LA of FIR became higher than that of PE. In summer, however, the LA of PE became distinctly higher than that of FIR.
  • 中村 優美子, 長谷川 ゆかり, 外海 泰秀, 伊藤 誉志男
    1989 年 35 巻 6 号 p. 466-475
    発行日: 1989/12/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Simultaneous determination method of 8 kinds of acaricides (amitraz, benzomate, dicofol (kelthane), chlorfenson (CPCBS), chlorobenzilate, chloropropylate, phenisobromolate and tetradifon) was investigated. Twenty g of minced fruits or vegetables were homogenized with acetone or acetone containing 30% of water. Fifteen g of NaCl was added to each sample, and acaricides were extracted with n-hexane containing 20% ethyl acetate. Three ml of xylene was added to the extract, removed n-hexane-acetone mixture, and this xylene-substituted extract was applied on a florisil column. The column was washed with 50 ml of n-hexane and eluted with 100 ml of n-hexane containing 30% ethyl acetate. Eluate was concentrated to 3.0 ml. Benzomate, kelthane, chlorfenson, chlorobenzilate chloropropylate, phenisobromolate and tetradifon were determined by ECD-GC using capillary column of CBP-1. Amitraz was determined by FTD-GC using OV-17 column. Contents of 8 acaricides in samples including fruits, vegetables, green tea and brown rice were below 0.01 ppm. Recoveries of 8 acaricides added at the concentrations of 0.25-5 ppm in these samples were 60.0-99.9%. Therefore, this method was applicable to the determination of acaricides in agricultural products.
  • 衛藤 修一, 一色 賢司, 桃園 裕子, 矢野 達明, 作間 忠道, 宮崎 昭夫
    1989 年 35 巻 6 号 p. 476-478
    発行日: 1989/12/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The extract from a shellfish, Neptunea cumingii, showed toxicity to mice. Tetramine (tetramethyl ammonium ion) in the salivary gland was detected with thin-layer chromatography and ion chromatography. The contents of tetramine in the shellfish were determined by two different methods, bio-assay with mice and ion chromatography. These analytical results agreed with each other (γ=0.9848, n=14). Contents of tetramine ranged from 1.6 to 39 mg per shellfish.
  • 渡辺 譲, 竹部 幸子, 金 東鉉, 小橋 恭一, 荒川 良, 上村 清
    1989 年 35 巻 6 号 p. 479-482
    発行日: 1989/12/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Acetylcholinesterases (AChEs) were extracted with Triton X-100 from the head and thorax of organophosphorus insecticide-resistant (R) and susceptible (S) strains of Culex tritaeniorhynchus, and purified by high performance liquid chromatography with a DEAE-cellulose column. Both AChE (R) and (S) hydrolyzed acetylcholine with similar specific activities of 5.34 and 6.84 μmol/min/mg protein, respectively. Hydrolysis of benzoyl-choline by both enzymes was one-seventh less than that of acetylcholine. When acetylthio-choline was used as substrate, the specific activity of AChE (R) (3.37 μmol/min/mg protein) was lower than that of AChE (S) (11.6 μmol/min/mg protein). This tendency in acetylthiocholine was observed in other thiocholinesters such as propionyl-and butyrylth-iocholine. The inhibitory power of neostigmine to AChE (R) was 1/4000 lower than that to AChE (S), and the inhibitory powers of fenitrooxon and malaoxon to AChE (R) were also 1/1000 and 1/80 lower than those to AChE (S). Moreover, the inhibitory power of BW 284 to AChE (R) was also lower than that to AChE (S). However, BPA was more inhibitory to AChE (R) than (S). These results suggest that AChE (R) is modified at the binding site of known inhibitors of true AChE and becomes a pseudo-type of AChE when mosquitoes acquire resistance to organophosphorus insecticides.
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