衛生化学
Print ISSN : 0013-273X
37 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1~9を表示しています
  • 平山 クニ, 中岡 正吉, 堀口 佳哉, 渡辺 重信
    1991 年 37 巻 4 号 p. 251-257
    発行日: 1991/08/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The migration of adipate plasticizers from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films into foods, their decomposition and acute toxicity were investigated. Adipates were detected in many kinds of foods wrapped by using PVC films. They tended to migrate from the PVC films much more into foods cooked with oil, like croquettes, than into raw fish, meat and fresh vegetables. Adipates contained in PVC films were hydrolyzed to adipic acid and alcohol when allowed to keep in contact with non-cooked foods, especially swordfish and lotus roots for several days. And diisononyl adipate added to various foods was also cleaved into isononyl alcohol and adipic acid on standing at 30°C. A few kinds of bacteria which can hydrolyze adipates were isolated from the PVC films used to wrap various foods. It was suggested that the decomposition was mainly caused by bacteria. LD50 of diisononyl adipate and plasticizers (di-n-alkyl adipate 89%, acetyltributyl citrate 11%) which was extracted from PVC films were 36.3 g/kg and >48.0 g/kg, respectively.
  • 川名 清子, 中岡 正吉, 堀口 佳哉, 渡辺 重信, 渡辺 聰, 河内 佐十
    1991 年 37 巻 4 号 p. 258-265
    発行日: 1991/08/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The acute toxicity and metabolism of potassium bromate (KBrO3), used as a food additive and a neutralizer in permanent wave chemicals, were examined by oral administration (85, 159, 325 and 602 mg/kg) to male and female adult Wistar rats. The results obtained were as follows : 1. There was no death in the animal treated with KBrO3 in a dose of 85 mg/kg after 72 h of administration, but about 20% of the animals treated with KBrO3 in a dose of 159 mg/kg survived. The LD50 value of KBrO3 in rats was estimated to be 157 mg/kg. 2. After administration, KBrO3 was absorbed rapidly as bromate from the stomach and reduced partially in the gastric pouch, and about 95% of KBrO3 disappeared from the stomach in 30 min. 3. The trace amount of methemoglobin was detected in the blood of animals, but the presence of hemochromatosis were observed significantly on the kidney, spleen and liver. 4. Until 24 h after administration, about 13% of KBrO3 was excreted in the urine. Nevertheless, the residue of this bromate was not found in the kidney, spleen, liver and other organs. It was suggested that almost all KBrO3 disappeared in the target organ cells through metabolic reduction systems.
  • 川名 清子, 中岡 正吉, 堀口 佳哉, 渡辺 重信, 渡辺 聰, 河内 佐十
    1991 年 37 巻 4 号 p. 266-275
    発行日: 1991/08/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The short-term in vivo expression of precarcinogenicity of potassium bromate (KBrO3), a food additive, was examined. KBrO3 was orally administered singly or in combination with benzo-[a] pyrene (B [a] P) or B [a] P alone, in male of 6 week-old SPF-ddy mice. KBrO3 was given in the drinking water for two weeks at concentration of 5000, 2500, 1000, 500 or 100 ppm. KBrO3-B [a] P simultaneous administration groups were given in the corn oil solution of B [a] P at 100 mg/kg, once a week for two weeks. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The body weight gains were inhibited by KBrO3 of a high concentration (5000 ppm). But, after the administration the organ weights of the liver, lung and kidney showed no difference among groups administered with KBrO3. 2. As for tumor makers, α-fetoprotein (AFP), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1, ALP) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (EC 2.3.2.2, γ-GTP) activities in the plasma were determined. The results of this experiment demonstrated that the AFP values increased in KBrO3 groups and KBrO3-B [a] P simultaneous groups, 2-3 fold that of the control group given distilled water alone. AFP value and ALP activitiy increased independently of the dosage of KBrO3. Moreover, the γ-GTP activities more significantly increased in all experimental groups than that of the control, and also showed the same results additively by simultaneous administration of KBrO3 and B [a] P. However, the γ-GTP activities in the liver were not remarkably enhanced in all experimental groups. These results suggested that formation of oxygen radicals in the target organs such as the liver, kidney and lung was closely related to KBrO3 precarcinogenesis.
  • 竹腰 裕二, 管野 進, 河瀬 章司
    1991 年 37 巻 4 号 p. 276-280
    発行日: 1991/08/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Accidental and suicidal poisonings with sodium 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetate (2, 4-D-Na) have occurred occasionally in the fields of forensic toxicology. The gas chromatographic method for the determination of 2, 4-D-Na involving the preparation of the n-propyl ester was studied. 2, 4-D-Na was directly converted with n-propanol-boron-trifluoride to the n-propyl ester which was measured by gas chromatography, although the esterifications so far have been carried out after being led to its free acid. Sep-pak C18 cartridge was applied to the simple and rapid extraction of 2, 4-D-Na from the urine in the following matter, a urine sample was adjusted to pH 7.0, poured into a Sep-pak C18 cartridge, 2 ml of H2O-methanol (75 : 25, v/v) was put into the cartridge to selectively eliminate urinary components and finally 2 ml of H2O-methanol (20 : 80, v/v) was poured into the cartridge to elute 2, 4-D-Na, at a constant rate of flow, 5 ml/min. 2, 4-D-Na was satisfactorily recovered and no interference was observed for gas chromatography after esterification. This method is more efficient, simple, and less time-consuming than previous described methods.
  • 川田 邦明, 貴船 育英
    1991 年 37 巻 4 号 p. 281-287
    発行日: 1991/08/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Conditions for thermal desorption of trace amounts of toxic volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere collected on Tenax GC, a polymer of 2, 6-diphenyl-p-phenylene oxide, were investigated for gas chromatographic analysis. Optimum conditions for the Tenax GC adsorbent was found to be 250°C by a high heating rate. Under these conditions, 78 toxic compounds recovered were measured and basic data were obtained. Fifty-five of these compounds were found to have recovery above 90%, 17 compounds 80-90% and three compounds 70-80%. Therefore, 75 volatile organic compounds at sub-ppb levels in the atmosphere can be determined by gas chromatography with Tenax GC after adsorption at ambient temperature followed by thermal desorption at 250°C. The relative standard deviations were less than 15%.
  • 中里 光男, 諸角 聖, 齋藤 和夫, 藤沼 賢司, 二島 太一郎, 河西 信彦
    1991 年 37 巻 4 号 p. 288-295
    発行日: 1991/08/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    We found that an enzyme extracted from mycelia of Rhizopus sp. had potent interconversion activities of aflatoxin B1 (AF B1) and aflatoxicol A (AFL-A). The enzyme was suggested to be an NADP-dependent oxidoreductase, since both the oxidative conversion of AFL-A to AF B1 and the reductive conversion of AF B1 to AFL-A were found with completely the same patterns in fractions obtained by gel permeation and ion exchange chromatography. The enzyme had an apparent molecular weight of 40000 in gel permeation chromatography on Sephacryl S-200HR. The optimum pH for conversion of AF B1 to AFL-A was around 6.0 to 7.0, while that of AFL-A to AF B1 was around 7.5 to 9.0, at 35°C. The optimum temperature was 35°C for both conversions of AF B1 to AFL-A and of AFL-A to AF B1. Furthermore, only AFL-A, the (S)-isomer was produced from AF B1 by catalysis by NADP-dependent oxidoreductase. However, we were unable to purify the enzyme to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate saturation, by chromatography on Sephacryl S-200HR, DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow and 2', 5'ADP-Sepharose 4B.
  • 飯島 正雄, 星野 庸二, 能勢 憲英
    1991 年 37 巻 4 号 p. 296-299
    発行日: 1991/08/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Tributyl tin compounds (TBT) have been mainly used as an antifouling paint for hulls and fishing nets in marine farms, and they are now known to be marine contaminants. TBT were detected in fish cultured in fresh water in our past survey and hence, TBT in fish cultured in fresh water was analysed and the cause of TBT contamination investigated. Among 25 samples of commercial fish cultured in fresh water (eel, rainbow trout, sweetfish) examined, TBT were detected in 21 samples (84.0%) at the levels of 0.03-0.20 μg/g. Consequently, it was suspected that many kinds of fish cultured in fresh water might be contaminated with TBT. In order to investigate the cause of TBT contamination, each 3 samples of rainbow trout, 1 sample of water and 10 samples of feed in 5 fisheries in Saitama Prefecture were examined. TBT were detected in 13 fish samples and all feed samples. The feeds consist of fish meal, flour, rice bran, oil cake of soy bean, etc., and the TBT contamination in the above fishes might be caused by fish meal in the feed.
  • 本田 俊哉, 本山 美和子, 浄住 護雄, 児島 昭次
    1991 年 37 巻 4 号 p. 300-306
    発行日: 1991/08/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Pulmonary toxicity of 2-isopropylnaphthalene (2-IPN) and its photoproducts was studied in mice. Twenty-four h after the intraperitoneal injection of 2-IPN or its photoproducts, 2-isopropenylnaphthalene (2-IPeN) (1000 mg/kg), 2-acetonaphthone (2-AN) (700 mg/kg), β-naphthol (BN) (50 mg/kg), phthalide (PH) (500 mg/kg) and phthalic acid (PA) (100 mg/kg) produced pulmonary damage, but 2-IPN (3000 mg/kg) and 2-(2-naphthyl)-2-propanol (2-NP) (1000 mg/kg) did not produce pulmonary damage. The maximum levels of 2-IPN in the lung, liver and kidney were observed 6 h after the administration, and then the levels decreased with time. The concentrations of 2-IPeN, 2-NP, 2-AN, BN, PH and PA in the tissues reached the maximum levels within 1 or 2 h, and then rapidly decreased with time. The binding of both 2-AN and BN to lung slices was greater than that of other compounds. The injections of 2-IPN, 2-IPeN, BN and PH caused considerable depletion of pulmonary GSH (reduced glutathione) at 12 h after the administration of the compounds. These results suggested that their reactive metabolites such as "epoxides" were produced and interacted with GSH. While the injection of 2-NP, 2-AN and PA did not cause depletion of pulmonary GSH. Treatment with 2-IPN and its photoproducts did not affect lipid peroxidation and phospholipid in the lung.
  • 吉岡 義正
    1991 年 37 巻 4 号 p. 307-314
    発行日: 1991/08/31
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    A BASIC program was developed to calculate the molecular connectivity index (MCI). This program can be characterized as follows : 1) Simple data input method, 2) Automatic calculation of delta value, 3) Calculation of all types of MCIs (path, cluster, path & cluster and chain) up to 50 order, and 4) Fast calculation using the relational table of the atoms in the chemical structure.
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