衛生化学
Print ISSN : 0013-273X
40 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の14件中1~14を表示しています
  • 池上 幸江
    1994 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 111-121
    発行日: 1994/04/30
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    As shown by the governmental health statistics, the Japanese average life span is at present the longest in the world. A low neonatal death rate, or striking improvements of the medical system or technique have been thought to contribute to this fact. However, nobody doubts that especialy dietary habits, among life style factors, play an important role in maintaining the average life span in Japan. The Japanese diet has changed dramatically in the last 40 years, and the traditional diet is now not so popular, barely maintained by the older. In 1955, fats accounted for only 8.7% of energy intake, but the proportion of fats occupied in the energy intake had increased to more than 25% by 1990. The fat intake is particularly high in the younger. Such dietary change may increase the serum cholesterol levels of Japanese. According to the governmental survey, the average of serum cholesterol levels of Japanese has increased 15 mg/dl in the past ten years. Nowadays, our serum cholesterol levels are comparable to those of American except for the older. If these trends shown in diet and in the serum cholesterol continue, the incidence of ischemic diseases in Japan may increase further. Similar increases will be observed in the incidences of diabetes mellitus and certain cancers. We should advocate strongly the importance of the nutritional education aiming particularly at the younger generation in Japan.
  • 伊永 隆史, 周 小靖, 森分 俊夫, 篠田 純男
    1994 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 122-131
    発行日: 1994/04/30
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    A flow-injection system was described for continuous monitoring of total nitrogen in water samples. The present method exploited a series of chemical reactions to transform all nitrogen compounds into nitrite that is then coupled with N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediammonium dichloride to form a highly colored diazodye and selectively monitored at 540 nm. When 200 μl of standard solution (potassium nitrate) was injected at a sampling frequency of 20/h, the determination range was 0.02-10 mg/l nitrogen. The detection limit and relative standard deviation of the method were 0.02 mg/l nitrogen and 1.2% (n=12), respectively. Utilization of a high-purity distilled water attained a detection limit of 0.002 mg/l and determination range of 0.002-10 mg/l nitrogen. Since the flow-injection system was operated by a high-precision pump in a reproducible manner and any vaporization, loss and matrix effect of samples can be perfectly prevented in the system, the reliability of monitoring results appeared to be far better than that obtained by the standard manual method. The flow-injection system, which is coupled with a sampling system, fulfills the essential functions of continuous monitoring in near-real time. The monitoring system has been designed with emphasis on high sampling rate, long-term stability, low reagent consumption and minimum maintenance, and is therefore suitable for use in water quality management to control eutrophication in an aquatic environment.
  • 磯野 秀夫, 佐々木 晴代, 鈴木 俊英
    1994 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 132-139
    発行日: 1994/04/30
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    A paramecium was employed as a biological reagent to evaluate the interaction of paraquat with biological materials (additives). This protista was added into a cocktail of paraquat and a biological material preparation. Life or death of paramecium in the cocktail indicated whether or not paraquat interacted with an additive. The following materials were found to protect paramecia from the toxicity of paraquat : soybean lecithin, soybean milk, egg lecithin, casein, cow's milk, skim milk, cheese, and trypan blue (not a biological material). These findings suggested that those materials had an ability to interact with paraquat.
  • 斎藤 貢一, 板屋 民子, 堀江 正一, 中澤 裕之, 今成 登志男
    1994 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 140-146
    発行日: 1994/04/30
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Liquid chromatography (LC) using on-column derivatization coupled with a columnswitching technique was developed to study the metabolism of amino acids in bacteria. Simultaneous analysis of 12 kinds of polyamines and their precursor amino acids was performed using this system. Degradation products of amino acids due to Photobacterium phosphoreum, a putrefactive bacterium, was analyzed by the LC method. The arginine (Arg) metabolism in the bacterium was found to be such that Arg was converted to agmatine by the Arg-decarboxylase system, and agmatine was subsequently converted to putrescine by agmatinase. The method was applicable to the determination of Arg, ornithine and lysine decarboxylase activities, Arg-dihydrolase activity and other enzyme activities in putrefactive bacteria.
  • 鈴木 助治, 雨宮 敬, 伊藤 弘一, 中村 弘
    1994 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 147-153
    発行日: 1994/04/30
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    A simple method for the determination of C12, C14, C16, C18, C20, C22 and C24 alkyltrimethylammonium chlorides in cosmetics by injection port pyrolysis gas chromatography (GC) was investigated. The conditions of GC were as follows : glassinsert, loaded some of quartz wool ; injection port temperature, 320°C ; column : DB-1 (0.53 mm i.d. × 15 m) ; column temperature, 100→300°C (5°C/min) ; detector, FID. The alkyltrimethylammonium chlorides injected into the gas chromatograph were thermally decomposed to the corresponding alkyldimethylamines as major peaks and alkyl chlorides as minor peaks. The decomposition products were identified by chemical ionization (isobutane) mass spectrometry (MS) on a GC-MS and characterized with the quasi-molecular ions, (M+1)+ for alkyldimethylamines and (M-1)+ for alkyl chlorides, respectively. The calibration curves obtained by plotting the peak area of the alkyldimethylamines were linear at levels ranging from 100 to 800 μg/ml of C12-C24 alkyltrimethylammonium chlorides. The detection limit was 30 μg/ml in sample solution. The average recoveries of C12-C24 alkyltrimethylammonium chlorides added to hair rinse at levels of 0.5 and 1.0% in five experiments were 99.6-103.4% and the coefficients of variation were 1.2-2.5%. This method is useful for the simultaneous determination of C12-C24 alkyltrimethylammonium chlorides and suitable for the routine analysis of cosmetics.
  • 川名 清子, 中岡 正吉, 堀口 佳哉, 渡辺 聰, 河内 佐十
    1994 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 154-161
    発行日: 1994/04/30
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The antioxidative effects of vitamin C (VC) on the toxicity of potassium bromate (KBrO3), a food additive, were examined. Five-week-old SPF-SD male rats were fed the VC enriched diets (310, 1310 and 3310 μg/g) for 4 weeks, and KBrO3 was given in the drinking water for 4 weeks at concentration of 500 μg/ml, simultaneously. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The activities of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1, ALP) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (EC 2.3.2.2, γ-GTP) in the kidney cytosols were suppressed depending upon the concentration of VC in the diets, but the activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (EC 2.6.1.2, GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (EC 2.6.1.1, GOT) were not effected by the concentration of VC in the diets. 2. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) contents in the kidney homogenate and serum were increased by the administration of KBrO3, and decreased by the coadministration of VC enriched diets. However, the TBARS contents in the liver were almost constant. These results suggested that the increase of TBARS contents in the kidney and serum is correlated with the administration of KBrO3 and that the protective effects of VC to the toxicity of KBrO3 were unremakable. However, the TBARS contents were decreased by the simultaneous administration of VC enriched diets.
  • 小川 節子, 鈴木 英司, 阿部 明子, 河野 武幸, 渡部 一仁
    1994 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 162-170
    発行日: 1994/04/30
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    A method for the mutagenicity test of biodegradation products produced by microorganisms in river water was developed for the screening of the degradation of organic compounds in an environment. Microorganisms in river water were collected on the membrane filter, which was prepared by autoclaving for three times at 2-minute intervals to remove the surface-active agents coated on the filter. The modified Davis medium was suitable for the medium for the biodegradation test taking into account the growth of microorganisms, the preferential utilization of the chemicals as nutrients, and the effect of the medium component on Ames test following the biodegradation test. While the mutagenicity of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide disappeared during incubation with microorganisms, 8-nitroquinoline was shown to be mutagenic after incubation for 3 d, suggesting the conversion of 8-nitroquinoline to mutagenic metabolites.
  • 渡辺 聡, 山本 香, 加藤 慈子, 河内 佐十
    1994 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 171-177
    発行日: 1994/04/30
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The possibility of hepatic toxicity of trichloroethylene (TCE) related to the increase of lipid peroxide in the liver was investigated. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and dichloroacetic acid (DCA) were dominant metabolites of TCE in the liver, so that TCA was metabolized in vitro by microsomes and lipid peroxidation was measured as an oxygen uptake by the oxygen electrode method. The increase of lipid peroxidation with the metabolism of TCA and the TCA-induced lipid peroxidation was inhibited by mannitol, uric acid and flavin derivatives, but scarcely inhibited by superoxide dismutase and catalase. Moreover, non-enzymic DCA radical production induced by 2, 2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride was inhibited by radical scavengers and flavin derivatives. These results suggest that the active oxygen scarcely contributes to the lipid peroxidation with the metabolism of TCA and that the inhibitory effect of flavin derivatives depends on the affinity for DCA radical and lipid peroxide radical.
  • 矢口 久美子, 鈴木 俊也, 平田 一郎, 伊藤 武, 濱田 昭
    1994 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 178-184
    発行日: 1994/04/30
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Tetrachloroethylene (PCE)-degrading bacterium, strain T was characterized by its morphological, physiological and chemical properties. Strain T was an anaerobic, non-sporing, gram negative curved rod, 2.5-5.0μm in length and 0.6-0.8μm in width, with peritrichous flagella. The GC content of DNA was 44 mol %. The cell was a sulfate-reducing bacterium, because it grew in a Modified ISA medium which was used for detecting sulfate-reducing bacteria and produced H2S. C-type cytochrome was detected from the cell extract of strain T, but was not desulfoviridin. The major cellular fatty acids of strain T were C16 : 1, C17 : 1, C16 : 0 and C14 : 0. Strain T grew with formate, lactate, pyruvate, butyrate and malate as electron donors but not with H2. It is considered that strain T is a new sulfate-reducing bacterium because of its biological and chemical characteristics.
  • 大橋 則雄, 土屋 悦輝, 笹野 英雄, 濱田 昭
    1994 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 185-192
    発行日: 1994/04/30
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Primary degradation products of organophosphorous pesticides by ozonation in water and the oxidation pathways of diazinon, fenthion (MPP) and edifenphos (EDDP) were studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mass-spectra of ozonation products of the 17 organophosphorous pesticides evaluated suggested that they were oxons. Organophosphorous pesticides were converted to oxons in accordance with production of sulfate ion as their thiophosphorile bonds were oxidized by ozone into phosphorile bonds. Although oxons were stable against ozonation, they were further hydrolyzed into trialkyl phosphate and other hydrolysis products. However, in MPP, thiomethyl radicals were oxidized prior to thiophosphorile bonds and MPP-sulfoxide was produced. MPP-sulfone, MPP-sulfoxide-oxon and MPP-sulfone-oxon were also generated from MPP. Two major oxidization products were obtained from bis-dithio type ethion. EDDP of the phosphate type was resistant to ozonation, but its oxidization products were detected after hydrolysis. Since the oxons of these organophosphorous pesticides are resistant to ozonation and are toxic, they should be monitored.
  • 矢野 友啓, 萩原 清和, 市川 富夫
    1994 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 193-196
    発行日: 1994/04/30
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    To evaluate whether vitamin E could act as a useful antioxidant to protect pulmonary nuclei, we compared the preventive effect of orally treated vitamin E on chemically induced lipid peroxidation in the pulmonary nuclei and microsomes of rats. Vitamin E (100 mg/kg) treatment for 6 d suppressed ADP/ascorbate/Fe3+-induced lipid peroxidation in the nuclei more strongly than that in the microsomes, while the increase of α-tocopherol level in the nuclei by vitamin E treatment tended to be higher than that in the microsomes. Of unsaturated fatty acid composition in the nuclei and microsomes, only the composition of linoleic acid in the nuclei was significantly decreased by this treatment. These results suggest that vitamin E can act as a useful antioxidant in the pulmonary nuclei.
  • 王 健行, 張 維敦, 黄 金旺, 潘 登昌, 潘 子明, 王 仁澤
    1994 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 197-202
    発行日: 1994/04/30
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    A simple and rapid analytical method was developed by using isotachophoresis for simultaneous determination of organic acids including citric, tartaric, malic, fumaric, lactic, succinic, ascorbic, acetic, aspartic, glucuronic acids in fresh fruits and processed juices, and in carbonated and fermented drinks. The detection limits of this method are about 0.04 to 0.1 mg within the coefficient of variation of ca. 6%, and the entire analytical procedure can be accomplished within 30 min without any pretreatment of samples. Using this method, a leading electrolyte solution was prepared with 7 parts of 0.1% polyvinyl alcohol in 0.01 N HCl, buffered at pH 3.0 with β alanine, and 3 parts of methanol. A solution of 0.01 N n-caproic acid was used as the terminal electrolyte. There was a two stage migration procedure : the first stage in a 0.1 mm i.d. ×10 cm tube with 250 μA current for 10 min and the second stage in a 0.05 mm i.d. × 15 cm tube with 100 μA current for 10 min. The oven temperature was kept at 25°C. The nitrogen carrier gas was introduced at 0.25 Kg/cm2 pressure.
  • 中里 光男, 斉藤 和夫, 諸角 聖, 和宇慶 朝昭, 石川 ふさ子, 藤沼 賢司, 守安 貴子, 二島 太一郎, 田村 行弘
    1994 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 203-209
    発行日: 1994/04/30
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    An analytical method for the determination of putrescine (Put), cadaverine (Cad), histamine (Him), tyramine (Tym), and spermidine (Spd) in foods by high performance liquid chromatography was described. The five amines were extracted from fish, fish products, miso, soy sauce, wine and sake with 1% trichloroacetic acid. After 0.1 M sodium octanesulfonate was added to the extract, the solution was passed through a Sep-Pak Vac C18 cartridge column. The column was washed with water, and the amines were eluted with a mixture of methanol - water (6 : 4). The amines in the eluate were converted into the corresponding dansyl amines by reaction with dansyl chloride under alkaline conditions. The dansyl amines were separated on a Cosmosil 5C18-AR column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (65 : 35) and detected with fluorescence detector (Ex. 325 nm, Em. 525 nm). Recoveries of the five amines were more than 79.4%. The detection limit of Put, Cad and Spd in samples were 1 μg/g, Tym was 5 μg/g, and Him was 20 μg/g.
  • 足立 昌子, 小林 正
    1994 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 210-212
    発行日: 1994/04/30
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The removal efficiency of benzene from the treatment plant of laboratory wastewater by use of activated carbon adsorption and coagulation sedimentation processes has been investigated. The results of monitoring for one year showed that the removal efficiency of benzene from wastewater by the treatment was on the average 88.0%. Activated carbon adsorption process was very effective to remove benzene, but coagulation sedimentation process was not effective.
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