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Volume 41 (1995)
- Issue 6 Pages 399-
- Issue 5 Pages 307-
- Issue 4 Pages 239-
- Issue 3 Pages 179-
- Issue 2 Pages 93-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 41, Issue 3
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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AKIRA TAMURA1995 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 179-193
Published: June 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRickettsia tsutsugamushi, a causative agent of Tsutsugamushi disease, is transmitted to human by Leptrotrombidium mites. In the initial part of this review, we describe a relationship between the rickettsia and vector mites, especially on the vertical transmission mechanism of the rickettsia in the mites. In the later part, new findings on R. tsutsugamushi will be reviewed, especially on the classification of this rickettsia, antigenic type-variation and correlation of this antigenic type to mites, and the molecular analysis of the type-specific antigens.View full abstractDownload PDF (2956K) -
HOTAKA SAITO, SHIRO IWAMI, TADAYOSHI SHIGEOKA1995 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 194-205
Published: June 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn ecological risk assessment of chemicals, it is necessary to study and evaluate their potencies of exposure and effects on respective biota or ecosystems. The assessment should be based on comparing the predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) with the predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs), and the judgement should be made as to whether the chemicals entering into environment are hazardous or not. In this review, the present trend in ecotoxicological studies is discussed by introducing the concepts of ecological risk assessment in Europe and U.S.A., methodologies on the ecotoxicity assessment, mesocosms as an outdoor experimental unit that closely simulates the natural environment, and in vitro toxicity screening methods with luminescent bacteria and cultured fish cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (1400K) -
YUKIO TANAKA, YOSHIMASA KONISHI, TAKAHIRO NISHIMUNE, YUTAKA TAKAGAKI1995 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 206-211
Published: June 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors investigated the applicability of an assay method for immediate allergic reaction in vitro to determine radioactivity of pre-incorporated [3H] serotonin from rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL-2H3) stimulated with biotinylated IgE-avidin complex. Using the newly improved assay method, the effects of synthetic food colors on immediate allergic reaction were determined. The optimum ratio and amount of stimulator for the cell stimulation was found to be 3μg/ml (0.015μM) of biotinylated IgE and 1 μg/ml (0.015 μM) of avidin. Seven kinds of food colors including food red No. 2 (amaranth) and food yellow No. 4 (tartrazine) inhibited about 50% of [3H] serotonin release at 1 mM compared to that of the cells exposed to the stimulator alone. Food blue No. 2 (indigo carmine) inhibited 20% of the release at 1 mM, while food red No. 106 (acid red) had no effect. Food red No. 3 (erythrosine), food red No. 104 (phloxine) and food red No. 105 (rose bengale) promoted [3H] serotonin release from nonstimulated cells at lower concentration and showed strong lethal effect to the cells at higher concentration. Thus, it was suggested that food colors might modify immediate allergic response, and show cytotoxic action when ingested orally with foods.View full abstractDownload PDF (705K) -
SUKEO ONODERA, MARIKO TAKAHASHI, MASAHIKO OGAWA, SHIZUO SUZUKI1995 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 212-219
Published: June 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPolychlorinated phenoxyphenols (PCPPs), including predioxins and isopredioxins, and their photo-degradation products in aqueous solution were tested for mutagenicity on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains. Mutagenic effects of Irgasan DP 300 [5-chloro-2-(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol] as a typical predioxin and PCPPs (chlorophenol dimers) could not be observed on both TA98 and TA100 strains with and without S9 mix, because of thier great toxicity to tester strains. No mutagenic effects were also observed for 2-alkylated PCPPs (chloro-2-alkylphenol dimers) on both tester strains. However, some 4-alkylated PCPPs (chloro-4-alkylphenol dimers) were mutagenic on TA100 strain without S9 mix, and great mutagenicity was detected for 4-methylated PCPPs. PCPPs in aqueous solution were found to be converted to compounds with mutagenicity to TA100 strain without S9 mix, when the solution was subjected to photo-irradiation in the presence of chlorine for 5 h. In addition, a mutagenic effect of 4-methylated PCPPs solution on TA100 strain without S9 mix was shown to be remained about 50% of the original activity, even after treatment with chlorine alone and photo-irradiation in the presence of chlorine for 5 h. However, no mutagenic effects of Irgasan DP300 in aqueous solution were observed after any treatments.View full abstractDownload PDF (846K) -
CHITOSE TODA, TERUYO YASUI, KIYOMATSU HASHIZUME, HIDEO NAGANO1995 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 220-226
Published: June 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEnzyme activities of liver microsomal cytochromes P-450 induced by thiabendazole (TBZ) which has been used as a food additive were investigated in 5 and 11 week-old mice (male and female). TBZ was suspended in olive oil and mice were given orally at 350, 700 or 1000 mg/kg/d for 3 d. Cytochromes P-450 were purified from mice liver microsomes by EAH Sepharose 4B and DEAE Sephadex A-50 chromatography. The catalytic activities of mice liver microsomes and purified cytochromes P-450 fractions on TBZ, aniline, aminopyrine and biphenyl were examined. TBZ hydroxylase, aniline hydroxylase and biphenyl 4-hydroxylase of liver microsomes were induced by TBZ in mice, but aminopyrine N-demethylase was not induced. TBZ hydroxylase activity was higher in female than male in 11 week-old mice. In a reconstituted system of cytochromes P-450, the fractions from TBZ-treated mice showed higher activities of TBZ and aniline hydroxylases than the corresponding fractions from untreated mice.View full abstractDownload PDF (729K) -
YUZI TAKEKOSHI, KIYOHITO SATO, SUSUMU KANNO, SHOZI KAWASE, TADASHI KIH ...1995 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 227-233
Published: June 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe inhalation of thinners and the related organic solvents (e.g., toluene, methanol, ethyl acetate etc.) expected as an anesthetic and stimulus, is still a social problem in connection with juvenile delinquency. For the purpose of a rapid identification of the abused solvents, 38 pure organic solvents and 18 commercial thinner samples were analyzed by a flame ionization detector (FID)-gas chromatograph with a DBTM-1, SUPELCOWAXTM 10 or DBTM-17 capillary column, respectively. In the cases of the DBTM-1 and SUPELCOWAXTM 10 columns, most organic solvents were successfully separated from each other under the gas chromatographic conditions as follows, a 30 m×0.53 mm i.d. thick-film (1.5 μm and 1.0 μm) fused-silica capillary column was used, and the column temperature was kept at 60°C for 1 min and then raised to 120°C and 150°C at 5°C/min. The total analysis times were 13 and 19 min. Especially, the DBTM-1 column was suitable for the forensic analysis of thinners, because methanol, ethylacetate and toluene prohibited by the law were succesfully separated from others. The column was also appropriate to identify lacquer thinner and industrial toluene. This method is more efficient, and less time-consuming than the other methods so far reported.View full abstractDownload PDF (698K) -
NAOHIRO NISHIYAMA, YASUHIKO TOSHIMA, YUZO IKEDA1995 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 234-237
Published: June 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe concentrations of linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) were determined using the HPLC method in the surface water of the Tama river, the Ta river and the Kinu river from October, 1992, to November, 1993. In the Tama river, the LAS concentrations ranged from 3.74 to 83.8 μg/l at Sekido-bashi, from 16.5 to 79.8 μg/l at Tamasuidou-bashi and from 25.3 to 98.8 μg/l at Maruko-bashi. In the Ta river, the LAS concentrations ranged from 5.06 to 35.1 μg/l at Ohso-bashi and from 25.3 to 121 μg/l at Kawada-bashi, and at Kinugawa-bashi of Kinu river from 0.43 to 8.74 μg/l. In all of the sampling locations in these three rivers, the LAS concentaraions indicated a seasonal change affected by water temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (477K)
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