An analytical method was established for the screening and quantification of phosphated amino acid herbicides (PAAHs), such as glyphosate, glufosinate and bialaphos, which frequently cause intoxication. The procedure involves the extraction of PAAHs by Ultra-Free 4 from serum, derivatization of the filtrate using p-toluensulfonyl chloride, and then HPLC analysis of the resulting p-toluensulfonyl derivatives. They can be identified by their UV spectra and retention times by comparison with authentic samples. The detection limits were less than 10 ng, which is sufficient for determining pesticides in serum. The overall recovery from serum was almost the same for each herbicide. The calibration curves were linear over a wide range. The sera of three acutely poisoned patients who took one of the above three PAAHs were examined by this method, and the results were shown to be accurate and sensitive. The analysis required only 1 h. The present method is useful not only for screening but also for quantitative analysis of pesticides causing acute intoxication. Their early identification may help prevent death.

抄録全体を表示

The components of biphenyl induced urinary bladder calculus in the male rats were studied using HPLC coupled with mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), IR and inductive coupled plasma (ICP). Two peaks in the calculus components were detected by HPLC and LC-MS/MS. The peaks were identified as 4-hydroxybiphenyl sulfate (4-HBPSC) and 4, 4'-dihydroxybiphenyl sulfate (4, 4'-DHBPSC). 4-HBPSC was accounted for 54.6% and 4, 4'-DHBPSC was accounted for 1.5% by LC-MS/MS. 4-HBPSC was main component by these results and IR. Inorganic elements of urinary bladder calculus were accounted for 25% by ICP.

抄録全体を表示

In order to know the behavior of linear alkylbenznesulfonate (LAS) and their complexes (LAS-CS) with cationic surfactants (CS), alkyltrimethylammonium chloride (TM) and dialkyldimethylammonium chloride (DM), in the aquatic environment, the formation of LAS-CS, their adsorption on the river sediment and primary biodegradation in the river water were studied. The formation of LAS-CS reached to the equilibrium within thirty minutes, and no effects of pH and reaction temperature were observed. It was confirmed that LAS formed LAS-CS with TM and DM at molar ratios from 1 : 1 to 6 : 1 and from 1 : 1 to 2 : 1, respectively. The adsorption isotherms of LAS and LAS-CS with TM or DM at molar ratios of 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 followed to the Freundlich's equations. The adsorption capacities of LAS-CS were smaller than that of LAS. Their order was LAS>LAS-TM>2LAS-TM>LAS-DM>2LAS-DM. The adsorption capacities of LAS, LAS-TM and 2LAS-TM increased with increasing the alkyl chain length of LAS, whereas those of LAS-DM and 2LAS-DM showed little variation among the alkyl chain length homologues. The primary biodegradation rates of LAS-CS with TM or DM at molar ratios of 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 were slower than that of LAS. Their order of biodegradation (% decreased during 14 days) was LAS (100%)>2LAS-TM (56%)>LAS-TM (36%)>2LAS-DM (31%)>LAS-DM (29%). The biodegradation of LAS and LAS-CS also decreased with increasing the alkyl chain length of LAS.

抄録全体を表示

Previously, we proposed an original mouse anaphylactic model using the abdominal wall as a site for both the induction and estimation (AW method). The anaphylactic intensity was estimated by VPV (vascular permeability value) corresponding to the given diameters of the dye-permeated area on the abdominal wall. In this paper, we investigated both the theoretical fundamentals and the application of the AW method for the detection of antigens and anti-allergic substances in food. Theoretically, VPV (1) reflected the IgE-dependence of the anaphylaxis high sensitively, (2) linearly increased with the dose of challenging antigen, and (3) decreased in a dose-dependent manner by oral preadministration of diphenhydramine hydrochloride. Furthermore, the VPV was shown to be dependent on the histamine concentration injected into the abdominal wall of normal mice. For the application of the AW method, existence of allergens was confirmed significantly after challenge with food (i. e., egg, milk, or soybean ; or processed foods prepared from these materials) in mice sensitized previously with the preceding food. Mice sensitized with a known antigenic protein exhibited significantly an antigen-specific anaphylactic reaction after challenge with food containing the same antigen. The optimum dose for sensitization and interval for detection were 50 μg/mouse and 9 d for both ovalbumin and hen egg lysozyme, while β-lactoglobulin needed 500μg/mouse and 14 d. It can be concluded that AW method is widely applicable for the detection of the known and unknown allergens in foods, simply, high sensitively, reproducibly, and quantitatively. In addition, the AW method was shown to be available for the search of anti-allergic substances in foods, and for the screening of anti-allergic drugs.

抄録全体を表示

Aqueous phenol solutions, as humic model compounds, were treated with chlorine under various experimental conditions. These chlorinated waters after dechlorination and diethyl ether extracts from the waters were tested for their mutagenic effects on TA98 and TA100 strains with and without S9 mix. The diethyl ether extracts were also tested for their product distributions. Aqueous chlorination under an acidic condition generated direct-acting mutagens on TA100 strain from non-mutagenic compounds. These mutagens formed from phenol and its chlorinated derivatives were shown to be both polar and non-polar compounds, while, these produced from cresols, di- and trihydric phenols were polar ones. Higher mutagenic potential formation during aqueous chlorination were observed for simple phenol and p-cresol. The parent compounds were shown to produce a variety of chlorination products, including chlorine-substituted, oxygenated, and hydroxylated compounds. The formation of chlorination products and mutagenic substances was dependent on the reaction pH and chlorine dose. The significance of these findings for water chlorination systems is discussed.

抄録全体を表示

4-(Hydroxymethyl) benzenediazonium salt (HMBD), an ingredient in the edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus, is carcinogenic to mice and mutagenic to bacteria. Formation of carbon-centered radical from HMBD which induces DNA single strand breaks and modifies guanine and adenine moieties of DNA into 8-[4-(hydroxymethyl) phenyl] guanine and 8-[4-(hydroxy methyl) phenyl] adenine has been shown. In the present study HMBD was intraperitoneally administered to mice and in vivo formation of DNA base adducts in liver DNA was investigated by ³²P-postlabeling assay. A radioactive spot caused by the modified bases was observed in liver DNA 24 h after the administration which disappeared after 48 h. The base adduct formation may play a role in carcinogenesis of HMBD in mice.

抄録全体を表示

The acute toxicity of zinc was studied. Mice were injected s. c. with zinc at a dose of 300 mg Zn/kg and four of seven mice were died within 72 h. A weight of the pancreas and an amylase activity in serum of the treated mice were increased significantly 24 h after the zinc injection. An acinar cell necrosis and edema in the pancreas were observed histopathologically 24 h after the zinc injection in three of five mice. These results indicate that zinc causes acute pancreatitis in mice. This method was proposed as an acute pancreatitis model by zinc.

抄録全体を表示

The effect of building materials and ventilation on the indoor formaldehyde concentration was studied in three houses built by the same company. Formaldehyde in indoor air was adsorbed on DNPH-cartridge by suction using a diaphragm air pump, eluted with acetonitrile and determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Formaldehyde emission from various building materials was determined by the desiccator method defined in Japanese Industrial Standard A5908. In the case of the house built using flooring emitting a considerable amount of formaldehyde, concentration of formaldehyde in indoor air was higher than that of the Japanese guideline, 100 μg/m³ even after one year. When the house was built with the building materials ranked the F₁ (average value lower than 0.5 mg/l) grade, which is defined as the highest rank by Japanese Agricultural Standard, formaldehyde concentration in indoor air did not exceed the guideline value even just after the construction. Indoor formaldehyde concentration under unventilated conditions was 1.5 to 3 times those under mechanical ventilated conditions. These results indicated that indoor air pollution by formaldehyde was dependent on the building materials and ventilation rates.

抄録全体を表示