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Article type: Cover
2008 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages
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Published: March 25, 2008
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Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Index
2008 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages
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Yoshiaki Kikuchi
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages
205-214
Published: March 25, 2008
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Neuroimaging studies of the human higher functions by using fMRI and MEG have been carried out in the author's laboratory. Simultaneous multi-dipole estimation could depict the detailed spatio-temporal structure of brain activities (frontal, parietal, temporal and posterior parahippocampal regions) related to the auditory selective attention, with the temporal resolution of msec-order. In addition, the studies of mental rotations using 3D-fugures, alphabetical characters and hands clearly showed the spatio-temporal structure of brain activities, that is, visual-related area =>premotor area ⇔ parietal area. This neural network found in the imagery tasks corresponds with the fronto-parietal network activated associated with visually-guided hand manipulation in the real world. Moreover, we investigated the compensative neural mechanisms in the network, which would compensate for the temporal disturbances caused by delayed visual feedback. Among the related brain regions, the right inferior parietal region would be specifically related to not only the internal forward model but also the self-other differentiation mechanism. Furthermore, the neural basis of maternal love and maternal behaviors, little of which has ever been known in the human mother's brain, could be recently clarified by detailed analysis of the fMRI data. The results showed that a limited number of mother' s brain areas were specifically involved in maternal love, namely orbitofrontal cortex, periaqueductal gray, anterior insula, and lateral parts of putamen, and suggested that there would be the highly elaborate neuronal mechanism for maternal behaviors for vigilant protectiveness.
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Hiroko Shimizu, Yuko Yokoi, Shoko Toyoda, Miyoshi Umemura, Reiko Suzuk ...
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages
215-223
Published: March 25, 2008
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The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of simulated patients in nursing education by investigating domestic literature. The objects of study are research reports with the keyword "simulated patient" in the journal of the Japan Medical Abstract Society. Investigation of 30 items relating to the purposes of these research reports, the descriptions of simulated patients, etc. was performed. Analysis of the title text was performed. The result, achieved by the analysis of the number of reports regarding research using simulated patients, the magazines listing these reports, the development of SP research and the titles, clarified the characteristics of patient simulations involving SP. SP is a trained person of simulated patient using simulation. Use in nursing education began in the 1990s and SP is thought to have continued to gradually increase. However, because there are some research reports that do not clearly describe the characteristics of simulated patients, it is feared that some confusion may occur in future simulated patient research.
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Mieko Toge
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages
224-232
Published: March 25, 2008
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The aim of this study was to identify the stressors for family members of acute stroke patients, and to examine their relation to psychological stress. Interviews using closedended questions were conducted with 73 family members of acute stroke patients. Factor analysis showed that stressors were composed of 9 items and the following 2 factors: "correspondence of life changes" (factor 1), and "difficulties with consultation" (factor 2). A multiple regression analysis revealed that the stressors (9 items) and two patient attributes (stomach tubes, dementia) were associated with psychological stress. To reduce stress in family members, two kinds of care are needed: support in adjusting to discharge planning, and support in understanding the family member's present condition.
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Mami Sonobe, Fumie Emisu, Hiroko Takahashi, Kyoko Suzuki, Chie Taniguc ...
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages
233-240
Published: March 25, 2008
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The study aims at assessing the actual state of local citizen awareness toward volunteer activities. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 94 persons, chiefly participants in the volunteer activity lecture organized by the university. The survey subjects were 88.3% women, whose average age was 44.8. Also, 40.9% had previous volunteer work experience, with 16.7% still actively involved. Of these, most were involved in work for "disabled persons" and "children," both in the past and present. Among those who said they "do not have the opportunity or motive (to work as volunteer)," there was a significant number of potential volunteer workers. Two motives were found to attract the subjects to volunteer work for the good of others and for oneself. In child care volunteer work that one can possibly do, "taking care of babies" and "playing with older children" rated the highest. The issues for the future are organization building and training people to become coordinators between prospective volunteers and users who seek such help.
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Akihiro Shuda, Yasuko Shijiki, Etuko Soeda, Minoru Tanabe, Kiyoka Nozu ...
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages
241-248
Published: March 25, 2008
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This study was conducted for the purpose of exploring the suffering and internal struggle felt by recipients, and obtaining suggestions for nursing intervention to provide support, while focusing on liver transplants from living donors among adults. The participants in this study consisted of 11 adult recipients who had undergone a liver transplant from a living donor at three university hospitals. The data collected by semistructured interviews were transcribed, and then analyzed by the use of content analysis. Analysis of data identified 21 codes and 8 subcategories, and then 3 categories were emerged: Physical uncertainty (fear of dying, restrictions on daily life, sense of poor health), Fluctuations in sense of self-worth (sense of indebtedness, sense of physical collapse, apprehension), Loss resulting from undergoing transplant (economic burden, loss of roles). The results suggest that roles for nurses to support the recipients include caring for physical uncertainty, supporting their free decision-making regarding transplant option, and assisting the informed consent process as a basis for the decision-making. In addition, the advocator for the recipients, who continuously cares for the recipients from the time of transplant surgery through discharge, was expected as a role of nurses.
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Hiroko Kunikata, Kazuo Nakajima, Kenji Numoto
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages
249-255
Published: March 25, 2008
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The purpose of this study was to examine the quality of life between persons with schizophrenia, their families and the general population. The subjects were 124 persons with schizophrenia living in the community and receiving day care, 315 families and 172 general population working at a corporation. The investigation was carried out using the shortened version of the World Health Organization (WHO)/QOL basic questionnaire (WHO/QOL-26). First, a construct validity of samples (n=577) was examined. Second, the QOL scores of the three groups were examined using ANOVA. Results showed that the QOL scores for schizophrenics were significantly lower in the physical and social domains than those for the other two groups. Persons with schizophrenia showed a significantly higher QOL for "Health and Social Care : accessibility and quality," and a significantly lower QOL for both "Dependence on Medical Substances and Treatments" and for "Sexual Activity". Discussion of schizophrenia was held from the point of view of normalization.
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Michi Mitsuda, Emiko Kikuchi
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages
256-262
Published: March 25, 2008
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The present study aimed to clarify the processes involved with pre-discharge guidance provided by occupational therapists (OTs) to patients with cerebrovascular diseases and then to ascertain the core roles of OTs as healthcare professionals. Semi-structured interviews were held with 9 OTs who provided pre-discharge guidance to patients with cerebrovascular diseases. Data were analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach. The results clarified that pre-discharge guidance comprised the following 3 processes: dealing with recovery-related needs ; reconstructing activities of daily living and lifestyle ; and making the transition to home living. These processes allow patients with cerebrovascular diseases to "gain more confidence", and the central role of OTs in predischarge guidance appears to be guiding patients to gain confidence in the return home to live.
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Koichi Mori, Norio Sekine, Hitoshi Sato, Masahiko Monma, Hiroshi Oka
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages
263-269
Published: March 25, 2008
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The diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI) of Laue geometry using synchrotron radiation with a 2-dimensional exposure field has been successfully preformed at an X-ray energy of 30 keV. The sample used was the raw knee joint of a Landrace-Large White-Duroc cross with a width of 7.5 cm. The depiction on the X-ray image was expected to appear similar to a human-adult knee joint. Two kinds of incident X-ray with almost the same intensity were acquired by the forward diffracted X-rays and the diffracted X-rays in the DEI system. Both X-rays were recorded as 2-dimensional images on a mammography film without an intensifying screen or by a high resolution imaging-plate. The DEI delineates joint soft tissues such as a joint cartilage, the meniscus and the anterior cruciate ligament that could not be detected by conventional X-ray method. The image of the anterior cruciate ligament was delineated by a white-black line, whose full-width, defined as the length from the outside of the black lines to that of the white, was from 0.08 to 0.10 mm in the forward diffracted X-ray image when mammography film was used. The delimitation ability of DEI would be better than that of a clinical MRI because of the high contrast of the contour image. This novel method could be applicable to diagnosis of partial ruptures of the ligament and meniscus, and diagnostic imaging to observe early stages of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA).
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Article type: Index
2008 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages
270-271
Published: March 25, 2008
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Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages
272-
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Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages
273-274
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Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages
275-276
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Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2008 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages
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Published: March 25, 2008
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