Three cases, all male aged 30 respectively, presenting with opsoclonus, generalized myoclonus, and cerebellar symptoms were reported. Significant findings common to these 3 cases were: 1) gastrointestinal symptoms present as a chief initial complaint prior to the manifestation of abnormal eye movement; 2) a low-grade fever 3) generalized myoclonus and cerebellar symptoms which became conspicuous simultaneously with the emergence of ocular symptoms; 4) evidence of a minor degree of inflammation obtained on examination of the cerebrospinal fluid; 5) EEG generally consisting of slow rhythms; and 6) on vestibular function test abnormal eye movements and a failure to elicit adequately optokinetic nystagmus.
In the treatment of these cases steroid therapy proved to be quite effective since improvements of the above-mentioned symptoms could have been achieved in a brief period of time after initiating this therapy.
From the presence of abnormal eye movements and cerebellar symptoms in association with abnormalities in EEG and optokinetic nystagmus, it appeared justifiable to assume that the area of involvement in this desease lies in the communicating tracts of the cerebellum including the brain stem and pons or the involved area is extending over the cerebellum. Infection or an inflammatory lesion might be implicated as a cause of the desease. It was presumed that the observed disparity in abnormal eye movements can be explained by differences in the degree of involvement of the areas mentioned above as well as in the stage of desease.

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The authors had reported the phonogram that presented relationships between pitches and intensites of the voice dimensionally like an audiogram. However, in order to write a phonogram of a patient with hoarseness. It was possible to record automatically the intensities by a sound level recorder, but the pitches had to be determined subjectively with piano. This seemed to be a cause for the phonogram not to become popular. In this paper, we tried to create a phonometer, by which the phonogram was recorded full-automatically. The measurements of pitch and intensity about a speech range, changes of pitches and intensities at the voice register, evaluations of those factors on the singing a song or the reading asentense, etc. were figured by phonogram with this instrument.
This phonometer seems to be utilized for a clinical examinations of various voice disorders.

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Two cases of laryngeal tuberculosis which were found in a 23-year-old femal and a 55-year-old male were reported. Both of cases were seemed to be laryngeal leukoplakia at first medical examination, but revealed histopathologically to be laryngeal tuberculosis. Subjectively and objectivly they improved on SM therapy.
It was recently said that the incidence of laryngeal tuberculosis had somewhat in-creased in Japan. Statistical review of laryngeal tuberculosis which was reported in Japanese literature from 1965 to 1975 was also presented in this paper.

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A 62-year-old female complained of sudden dysphagia and hoarsness. Chest X-ray films of the patient showed abnormal shadow in the left hilar region. Histopathological examinations of cervical lymph nodes, anterior mediastinal lymph nodes and liver revealed the presence of epithelioid cell tubercles with giant cells. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis was made. Dysphagia and hoarness were improved by Betamethasone therapy. Nervous complications of sarcoidosis were discussed in this paper.

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Bei dieser Arbeit handelt es sich um eine kasuistische Mitteilung der Histiozytose X bei zweijährigen Mädchen. Als Ohrensymptome wurde bei dem Kind hartnäckiger OhrenausfluB auf der linken Seite und Retroaurikularanschwellung derselben Seite festgestellt. AuBerdem sahen die Verfasser landkartenartige Knochendefekte der Schädelknochen. Bei der mikroskopischen Untersuchung des Granulationsgewebes, das bei Mastoidoperation gewonnen wurde, stellten die Verfasser im Präparat das Vorhandensein sowol der “Schaumzellen” als der Riesenzellen Touton-Typus fest.
Da das Kind ferner auch über Polyurie geklagt hatte, stellte sich die Diagnose der Histiozytose X (Hand-Schüller-Christiansche Krankheit) ohne Schwierigkeiten heraus. Die Verfasser haben auch elektronmikroskopisch versucht, das Vorhandensein der Langerhansschen Körnchen festzustellen, die jedoch nicht nachgewiesen werden konnten.

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A 57-year-old man was sent to Hamanomachi hospital on August 5, 1975, with complaints of anorexia, repeated dizzy spells and headache.
Initial complaint of the patient was the pain in the left retroorbicular, parietal and occipital regions, and also he felt dizzy on standing, which started one month before admission. Physical examinations after admission showed mild fever, positive Romberg test, left dysdiadochokinesis and disturbance of taste in the left anterior third of the tongue. Laboratory examination revealed accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (97/113), and abnormal cerebrospinal fluid. Lumbar puncture showed an elevated pressure with 126 leukocytes/cu. mm.(95% lymphocytes), protein value of 100mg/dl., and glucose level of 30mg/dl. Culture of GSF was negative for fungi and mycobacteria. Skull x-ray films, brain scann, echoencephalogram and electro-encephalogram were normal. Audiogram showed bilateral mild sensory-neural hearing loss. The vision and hearing of the patient failed gradually after admission.
Deterioration of auditory dysfunction and spontaneous nystagmus to the left was observed on September 1. The patient's neurological status deteriorated gradually and he died on September 6.
Autopsy of the patient disclosed turbid meninges and diffuse necrosis of cerebeller cortex. There were numerous cryptococci in the meninges, but not in the cerebral parenchyma. In the brainstem, a number of cryptococci and cell infiltrations were seen in the origin of the eighth nerve which were cut off in some parts due to cryptococci infiltration.
The dizziness of the patient was seemed to be caused by cerebellar necrosis, and later the invasion to the eight nerve resulted in severe deafness and the nystagmus.

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The purpose of the present paper is to evaluate the effect of push back procedure on velopharyngeal competence. The speech results of varied techniques, that is a technique with push back on both the oral and nasal sides, that with push back on the oral side only, and that without push back procedure. We evaluated the speech intelligibility in 86 cases of cleft palate after the primary repair. All the cases were examined at the ages older than three years and one year or more after the surgery. The speech intelligibility was classified into the five grades. In the 86 cases, 21 cases had received push back on the both sides, 51 cases had received push back on the oral side alone and 14 cases had been treated with a surgery without push back procedure. There were significant differences in speech intelligibility among the three surgical groups. The intelligibility was highest for the group with push back on the both sides and was lowest for the non-push back group.
In order to evaluate velopharyngeal competence in younger ages, we found that the appearance of the consonant /b/ in utterences is a fairly good landmark. It turned out that articulation becomes normal if /b/ appears within one year after surgery. Thirty cases, operated with push back procedure on the both sides, were examined in this respect. All of them presented an appearance of /b/ within one year, except for one case developed a big perforation.

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Maximum phonation time, phonation quotient and mean air flow rate were measured in 250 normal and 501 pathological subjects. The normal group consisted of 200 school children of four age groups and 50 adults. The pathological group comprised, 122 cases of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, 26 cases of sulcus vocalis, 59 cases of laryngitis, 182 cases of nodule and polyp, 36 cases of polypoid vocal cord, 18 cases of benign mass, 14 cases of epithelial hyperplasia, and 34 cases of carcinoma.
In 115 cases which received phonosurgical treatments, the change in the test values after the surgery was related to the patient's own evaluation of his voice. The results and conclusions are as follows:
1) The older the age was, the greater the average maximum phonation time was in the normal subjects. Clinically, a maximum phonation time of 7 seconds or less in a 1st grade child, 9 seconds or less in a 3 rd or 5 th grade child, or 10 seconds or less in a 7 th grade child or an adult can be considered abnormally short.
2) The older the age was, the greater the average phonation quotient was among the normal school children. The average phonation quotient for the normal adults was almost equal to that for 1 st or 3 rd grade children. Clinically, a phonation quotient of more than 260ml/sec in a 1 st or 3 rd grade child, 290ml/sec in a 5 th grade child 350ml/sec in a 7 th grade child, or 300ml/sec in an adult can be regarded as abnormally great.
3) The older the age was, the greater the average mean air flow rate measured with a respirometer for easy phonation was among the normal subjects. Clinically, a mean air flow rate of more than 170ml/sec in a 1 st grade child, 200ml/sec in a 3 rd grade child, 220ml/sec in a 5 th grade child, 240 m/sec in a 7 th grade child, or 300 ml/sec in a adult can be considered abnormally large.
4) Among the cases of various pathologies, those of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis presented abnormal test values most frequently. The glottic incompetence appears to account for the abnormal test values in many cases.
5) In the pathological cases, the frequency of abnormal test values was the greatest in the maximum phonation time and the least in the mean air flow rate.
6) High negative correlations were observed between the maximum phonation time and the phonation quotient in both the normal and pathological air flow rate, and the other two measures were not very high.
7) Among various laryngeal diseases, the test values agreed best with the patient's own evaluation of his voice in recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. Among the three test values, the maximum phonation time appeared to reflect best the patient's own evaluation of the postoperative change in his voice.

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