For such an often used single expression as “degeneration” for the pathological classification of the inner ear impairments, the inner ear structure is too delicate and its function is also too complicated. The treatment of nerve deafness hereafter should be in compliance with the wide knowledge of the inner ear whose function has been recently clarified electrophysiologically and biochemically. It is very effective to improve inner ear blood circulation and to adjust the autonomic nervous system function, and also to pay attention for the kinetic feature of the inner ear, in maintenance of the electrolyte-balance with whole body and that of the peri- and endolymph relations.
As a most available treatment of nerve deafness, combined uses of various vitamins with enzymes or coenzymes in carbohydrate catabolism could be recommended.
On the other hand the therapeutic consideration should be taken to the middle ear transmission mechanism that plays an important role of conjunction at the entrance to the inner ear.

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The authors report a case of brain abscess caused by mucosus infection of the right ear.
The patient, male aged 58, was admitted to the hospital with the history of severe headache and aural discharge of recent onset.
He was completely recovered without any residual effect by surgery and chemotherapy.

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The human body surface is vibrating constantly. This invisible oscillation is called “Mikrovibration” or “Mikrobewegung” by Rohracher (1946). Although many points still remain to be elucidated, this phenomenon which changes in certain conditions is clinically very interesting, and especially in oto-neurology was found by Kawata (1958).
Recently, we have analyzed the microvibration of the cheek surface in cases of maxillary cancer, and found the possibility to get a closer approach to early detection of cancer by its measuring.
In these experiments, a special pickup (s. Fig. 1) with the vacuum tube RCA 5734 was always used, which was connected with an amplifier (Nihon Koden Co. Tokyo). The recording was done through a pickup laid on the cheek surface of the subject, who was ordered to keep quiet mentally as well as physically. The recording was done first on the left cheek and then on the right cheek immediately after resting and afterwards every 5 minutes during 20 minutes.
We attempted to classify the various microvibration curves from their characteristics in the following basic 4 types: normal type (N), ascending type (A), descending type (D) and labile type (L),(s. Fig. 4, 5, 6, 7). We express the microvibration curve changes in formulae of NADL-Classification (provisionally so called). As the coefficient of these formulae, comparing degrees of energy, we use the first integer of the square number of the measured counts. Main curve patterns as N, A, D or L as mentioned above, in the next position, then the dominancy of the main components, for example αβ or βα with the suffix number to indicate grades, should be arranged.
In 20 normal adults the amplitudes were small. Most of them were of α dominancy, and of N or gradual D type in view of the oscillation curves.
On the other hand, we found that the amplitudes were generally very large in 30 cases of maxillary cancer, except those cases that had been previously treated by ⁶⁰ Co irradiation.
β wave component was rich in the affected side (70%) and A or L types increased highly. In 14 patients suffering from sinusitis maxillaris, the amplitudes were larger than those of normal adults, but smaller than these of cases of cancer. N or gradual D type decreased and β-component increased almost as high as cases of cancer.
After all, concerning the increase of the amplitudes, it is not certain whether the influence of a pathological condition upon substance metabolism appeared as tonus of the muscle fibers. The increase of β-component is a possible objective sign for pathological change.

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The authors reported a rare case of left maxillary osteoid-osteoma, which accompanied a histological figure of benign osteoblastoma, in a woman aged 33. Both of osteoid-osteoma and benign osteoblastoma are similar to osteogenic osteoma, but they are less differentiated than osteoma.
Frequently, osteoid-osteoma was reported in foreign literatures, but ten odd cases in all of ours.
Benign osteoblastoma was reported only 14 cases up to the present. There was no case as this of osteoid-osteoma and osteoblastoma, which developed in maxillary sinus.

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The authors report 2 cases of maxillary cancer who had undergone removal of one on one side and after a long lapse of time newly developed one on the other side.
Case I, 44 male, had undergone removal of maxillary cancer on the left side and been healed, but developed one again on the right side 9 years later. Total removal of the tumor was impossible as the palate had to be preserved. Only the main part of the tumor was removed and the remainder was cured by Ra-radiotherapy. He has been in good health for these 3 years.
Case II, 53 female, had undergone removal of maxillary cancer on the right side and been completely healed, but developed one again on the left side 7 years later. After reduction of the tumor by ante-operative ⁶⁰Co-radiotherapy, the tumor was removed by expansive Denker's operation. She was completely healed by postoperative Ra-radiotherapy.
In both cases combined use of radiotherapy enabled the removal of the tumors while preserving the palate. In case I histological comparison of the tumors was impossible as former specimen was lacking. In case II they were double carcinoma having remarkable histological difference.

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α-Chymotrypsine was applied for prevention of swelling, edema or local pain of the operation for chronic sinusitis with remarkable curative effects.
The drug was also used for non-operative treatment of chronic sinuitis. In 17 of 20 postoperative cases swelling of cheek was markedly inhibited by α-Chymotrypsin and in 5 of 6 cases treated non-surgically curative effects was revealed.
In any of the series, no by-effect was observed.

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23 cases of the malignant diseases were treated with various combination methods, namely a new alkylating agent “Endoxan” and other local treatments.
1. Cases which used combination methods were the most successful, especially as were administered before, between and after operation. These methods were more effective for sarcomas than carcinomas.
2. Side-effects were fewer and slighter than another antitumor agents.

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The authors have observed the curative effect and bleeding of the patients of idiopathic bleeding, especially nasal bleeding, in the region of otorhinolaryngology, using Thrombotest Owren, composite reagent to estimate the activity of four factors of blood-coagulation. Picking up at random 37 patients hospitalized at this clinic for operation and having normal bleeding time, the authors applied this test for screening. Examinations after medication of various hemostatics and postoperative examinations were also carried out. The average ante-operative thrombotest activity of all cases was 60 %, which was a little lower than that of normal people, while that of the patients of chronic tonsillitis was remarkably low (42. 4 %). The decrease of the postoperative thrombotest activity was conspicuous in the following order: extraction of malignant tumors, tonsillectomy, Sinusotomy. The authors thought that much care should be taken in tonsillectomy as general influence was so great. They thought that K1 was the most effective hemostatic.

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The author administered Cepharanthin to 21 patients of malignant tumor who were tre ated by radiotherapy and anticanceric agents.
Administrations of Cepharanthin (3mg/day peroral or 5mg/day intramuscular injection) inhi-bited leukopenia caused by radiotherapy but were not so effective to leukopenia caused by antican-ceric agents, and prophylactic administration was more effective.
The changes of red blood cells and hemoglobin were paralled with the fluctuations of le ucocytes and no by-effects were observed.

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The authors report here a case, 49 female, who suffered from involuntary rhythmic vertical movement of the anterior part of the neck.
This abnormal movement was removed by presering psychotherapy. They emphasized the importance of communication between patient and physician, in consideration of the increasing tendency of these psychogenic diseases in these days.

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We report a case, male aged 49, of primary tracheal tumor who visited us with complaint of hemoptysis and wheezing lasting about a year and whom we diagnosed as such by high voltage X-ray examination and direct tracheobronchoscopy. Histological examination revealed that it was cylindromatous type of adenocarcinoma. Although there was paralysis of recurrent laryngeal nerve, there were neither dyspnea nor hoarseness and no tracheotomy was performed. After cobalt irradiation (4000 rad.) the tumor was extracted together with the tracheal wall from the cartilago cricoidea to the 7 th tracheal ring. Both ends were connected with soft resin for speech and breathing. The patient is now working like normal people with no sign of relapse.
Recently we performed the same operations with 2 cases of secondary tracheal tumor. The patients recovered speech but one of them died owing to metastasis to the lungs.

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Two cases of mediastinal abscess caused by a foreign body in the cervical esophagus were reported. Both of them were cured by surgical operation and massive dosage of antibiotics.
Observation of these cases and some experiments on rabbits suggested that the periesophageal space of the neck should be clinically regarded as a continuation of the mediastinum or mediastinum itsself.

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Radiography usually reveals the inner structure of the human body, and plain radiograms in standard projections remain the basis of radio-diagnosis and they are not three-dimensional but accumulated shadows in plane.
Tomograms convey a picture of the chosen plane with considerable clarity, and in them we see usually the sectional picture of the human body, and then recognize cubically its inner structure. However, their interpretation was little in common with that of the usual type of examinations.
The author tried to study on fundamental problems of cranial tomographic anatomy necessary for radio-diagnosis and on cubic reconstruction from these tomograms of the head.
All the sectional radiograms in this paper were made by means of Circus-Tomograph (C-Layergraph and CS- Layergraph, manufactured by Toshiba, Tokyo).
The focus-section plane distance was kept constant at 1250mm in C-Layergraph and at 1400mm in CS-Layergraph, that from section plane to film at 430mm (C-Layergraph) and 280mm (CSLayergraph).
Consequently the magnification was respectively 1.34: 1 in C-Layergraph and 1.20: 1 in CS-Layergraph.
There is no objection to most writers' opinion that the most suitable exposed range (Ψ) in Circus-Tomography of the head is 360°C.
For the examination of adult patients a 1.0×1.0mm focal spot was employed, with 80-95 Kilovolt and 40-70 mA. A complete circular movement took 1.9 seconds at C-Layergraph and 4 seconds at CS-Layergraph.
Experimental studies on the skull were carried out with a fine focus of 0.3 x0.3 MU, 50-55 KV and 20-30 mA.
By means of a poly-cassette several planes could be sectioned simultaneously.
Circular movement causes generalized blurring without any orientation of disturbing shadows, translucencies or fade.
The tomograms markedly simplifies the three dimensional appreciation of the complex structure of the skull or head; and anatomical observation is necessary.
Therefore we have need of knowledge of the so-called roentgen anatomy of the head and moreover tomographic anatomy.
I) In the first place the author, therefore, estimated his tomograph with circular movement (so-called Circus-Tomograph) by mathematical analysis, when the conic vertical angle (2θ) was 20°, 40°, 60°, for the degree of blurring is particularly marked.
II) These tomograms were compared with the anatomical knowledge by craniometry and then the sections were examined for anatomical details.
On this occasion, the three projections were employed.
1. Sagittal position of the skull or head with postero-anterior ray (face downward position).
2. Lateral position with lateral ray (lateral).
3. Axial position with mento-vertical ray (supine position and the head is hyperextended).
III). Compared with this we would judge the disadvantages to be of less significance, the failure of orientation of these shadows and translucencies sometimes makes their interpretation difficult, therefore check on the failure of the sense of sight during investigations. And as a whole cubic reconstruction of the head and pathological changes from millimeter sections were demonstrated.
Results.
1). The author set a curve of fade of X-ray shadows by mathematical analysis on the Circus-Tomograph, and these curves indicated the several millimeters in thickness of tomographic sections.
2) The author suggested topographically tomographic anatomy by craniometry and these tomograms. As a result of comparison tomographic anatomy with clinical findings of tomograms, three projections were important, furthermore axial projection was very profitable in some cases.
3). The author described the necessity of reconstruction from tomograms and then on the “method of projection” of reconstruction.

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