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Volume 109, Issue 12
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese]2006 Volume 109 Issue 12 Pages 807-812
Published: December 20, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Kasumi Oji, Atsushi Matsubara, Riki Shirasaki, Kyo Yasuda, Masao Nagai ...2006 Volume 109 Issue 12 Pages 813-820
Published: December 20, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen we treat patients with pollen allergy, we require correct information about pollen release. The total count of pollen and the date of first pollen release are strongly influenced by local weather conditions, so we wanted to predict local pollen release.
Patients have degrees of sensitivity to pollen, with symptoms triggered in some cases by only small amounts. Therefore, we wanted to determine the previous dates of first pollen release (A), the first of two consecutive dates when one (count/cm2) or more grains were released (B), and the first of two consecutive dates when ten (count/cm2) or more grains were released (C). Aomori Prefecture has three different weather zones because it is surrounded by three oceans-the Sea of Japan, the Pacific Ocean, and Mutsu Bay. We predicted pollen release in the major cities-Aomori, Hirosaki, and Hachinohe.
Using nine years (1996-2004) of temperature data for each city from January 1 through February 1, we recorded the number of days in which the daily highest temperature was higher than each of five set temperatures (0°C, 1°C, 2°C, 3°C, 4°C) up to the dates of A, B, and C. Multiple recordings were made for each year with the initial date of recording staggered at 10-day intervals. We then calculated the standard deviation and the efficient of variation of total days and totals of temperatures over set temperatures.
For Aomori, results indicated that A was predicted as day 19 with temperatures over 4°C after January 21. B was day 23 over 4°C after January 21. C was the day 31 with over 4°C after January 21.
For Hirosaki, A was expected to be day 26 having temperatures over 0°C after February 1. B was day 21 over 3°C after February 1. C was day 30 over 3°C after January 21.
For Hachinohe, A was day 34 with temperatures over 0°C after February 1. B was day 33 over 1°C after January 21. C was day 27 over 4°C after January 21. We examined the day of pollen release in 2005.View full abstractDownload PDF (565K) -
Koichi Hashida, Teruo Shiomori, Nobusuke Hohchi, Takuro Kitamura, Tsuy ...2006 Volume 109 Issue 12 Pages 821-829
Published: December 20, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInfants at day care centers tend to contract repetitive upper respiratory infections and prolonged otitis media. The increase in antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, particularly in infants, has given rise to a stubborn therapeutic problem. We studied the nasopharyngeal carriage and drug resistance to Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), the most common pathogens of upper respiratory infections, in infants at day care centers.
Nasopharyngeal cultures of infants between the ages of 0 and 6 years were conducted at two day care centers in July 2004 ("summer"; n=183), and in February 2005 ("winter"; n=182). Isolated H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility tests by broth microdilution. We also conducted an otolaryngological examination and a survey on past and life histories.
H. influenzae in summer (38.3%) increased significantly in winter (57.7%). β-lactamase-negative and positive ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae (BLNAR+BLPAR) in summer decreased significantly in winter. S. pneumoniae did not differ in summer (42.1%) or in winter (43.4%). Penicillin-resistant and intermediate S. pneumoniae (PRSP+PISP) was 41.3% in summer and decreased significantly to 19.0% in winter. BLNAR+BLPAR and PRSP+PISP differed with the day care center. In otolaryngological examination, rhinosinusitis was commonest (28.4% in summer and 30.8% in winter), followed by allergic rhinitis (8.7% in summer and 6.0% in winter) and otitis media (8.2% in summer and 6.0% in winter). Tonsillitis was minor (0.5% in both seasons). Rhinosinusitis in winter was significantly higher in carriers of H. influenzae and/or S. pneumoniae than in non carriers (36.4% versus 16.0%). Breast-fed infants tended to have less otitis media than bottle-fed infants (38.2% versus 52.9%). H. influenzae and/or S. pneumoniae plateaued (75-80%) after 12 months in day care centers.
These results suggest that infants attending day care centers are immediately colonized by H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae in the nasopharynx after entering the centers. Nasopharyngeal drug-resistant H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae varied during the seasons and between day care centers. Further prospective studies are needed to determine upper respiratory tract infection in infants at day care centers and to evaluate carriage, epidemiology, and the drug-resistance rates of these pathogens.View full abstractDownload PDF (1770K) -
Hisanori Sasai, Yusuke Watanabe, Hiroshi Miyahara, Takeshi Kubo2006 Volume 109 Issue 12 Pages 830-834
Published: December 20, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIsshiki's arytenoid adduction combined with thyroplasty type I is a useful procedure for correcting the membranous vocal fold atrophy and the height difference between the two vocal folds, particularly in patients with a large posterior glottal chink and atrophy. Conventional arytenoid adduction (Isshiki's arytenoid adduction) is designed to place a suture through the muscular process of the arytenoid attached anteriorly to the thyroid ala, stimulating the function of the thyroarytenoid muscle and lateral cricoarytenoid muscle. Combining with thyroplasty type I, the suture direction of conventional arytenoid adduction prevented inserting implant material into the pocket of the thyroid cartilage window. In contrast to conventional arytenoid adduction, the suture direction in our approach is anchored anteroinferiorly, mimicking only the action of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle (the major adductor of the larynx). It is used the thyroid cartilage window in thyroplasty type I to determine the direction of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle. After approaching the muscular process based on Isshiki's arytenoid adduction, two nylon sutures are tied across the muscular process or the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle nearby the muscular process. The cricoarytenoid joint is not dislocated. One of the sutures was anchored to the inferior rear corner of the thyroid cartilage window to be used with thyroplasty type I and the other was anchored to the rear lower margin of the thyroid lamina. Gore-tex medialization thyroplasty is done after tying the sutures on the thyroid ala. Subjects were 30 unilateral paralytic dysphonia. Maximum phonation of all patients improved significantly after surgery. The preoperative and postoperative mean maximum phonation times were 6.0 and 17.9 seconds. No major complications occurred in this study. Our approach effectively combined arytenoid adduction and thyroplasty type I for patients with severe insufficient glottic closure.View full abstractDownload PDF (2645K) -
[in Japanese]2006 Volume 109 Issue 12 Pages 840-843
Published: December 20, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1986K)
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