Without covering their eyes, five leghorns were rotated at two different postures and both perrotatory and postrotatory head nystagmus were observed.Constant optic stimuli were given to the animals during the rotation by rotating the revolving chair in the center of a large cyclinder.The animals at the posture on a perch grasping it with their claws showed more jerks of perrotatoric head nystagmus but less jerks of postrotatory head nystagmus compared with them at the posture crouching on the flat plate of the revolving chair.Namely, the proprioceptive stimuli from the an;mal's legs to grasp a perch with their claws promote perrotatoric head nystagmus but decrease postrotatory head nystagmus.

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In order to study the influence of animal's posture upon the optic reflex, five leghorns were kept in two different posture and certain amount of optic stimulation was given.
1)Leghorns on a perch grasping it with their claws showed active optic head nystagmus and skillfuly maintained the posture adapting to the rapid optic stimulation.
2)Leghorns crouching on a flat desk without grasping a perch with their claws, however, showed less jerks of optic head nystagmus and optic ataxia due to difficulty to maintain the posture.
Namely, the proprioceptive stimuli from the animal's legs to grasp a perch influenced remarkably on optic reflex, promoting the jerks of optic head nystagmus and mainterance of the original posture without optic ataxia.

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In the subliminal rotation procedure, the subject is either made to wear glasses of +20 Dor is seated in a rotating chamber in order that influences of visual sense may be excluded as much as possible and that the only labyrinthine function may be observed.However, in combining visual stimulation positively with this procedure, Fukuda et al.found that the subliminal rotation was, in fact, not subliminal since this rotation did promote optic nystagmus and the labyrinthine function was evidently acting as a supporter of optic reflex.According to them, it is unreasonable to consider the so-called minimum angular accerelation as the threshold or the limit of the labyrinthine function.
Fukuda insists that the limit of the labyrinthine function should be defined as the angular velocity at which labyrinth can support optic reflex maximally.Based on this view, the writer has carried out following experiments and a new concept regarding the limit of the labyrinthine function was discussed.Experiments were made on rabbits and guinea pigs with dark eyes.
I.The subliminal rotation with angular accerelations of 1.0°/sec2 and 0.3°/sec2 was imposed on the animal.A rotating chamber was not used, thus during the rotation, the animal received optokinetic stimuli caused by relative movements of external environment.To apply constant optokinetic stimuli, the animal was placed on a chair situated in a large cylinder with vertical black lines of which details had been reported previously.Should accerelations of 1.0/sec2 and 0.3°/sec2 be really subliminal, nystagmus caused by rotation of the animal with intact vision might be pure optic nystagmus.To inquire into this point the large cylinder was rotated to reverse direction with the same accerelations as above around the animal rested on the chair.The result was that when the chair was rotated jerks of nystagmus were far more frequent as.compared with those in case of rotation of the cylinder.Thus it is apparent that the subliminal rotation does stimulate labyrinth and therefore it is not subliminal in true sense.
II.When optic nystagmus was observed applying optokinetic stimulation in passing vertical black lines before animal's eyes, jerks of nystagmus increased in proportion to increase in velocity of the lines.However, if the velocity was increased beyond a critical level jerks of optic nystagmus decreased promptly until at last eyes were rest immobile.In human experiment, the subject could not percept individual black lines in such state but he only saw a vague flow before his eyes.
The critical angular velocity which induces maximum jerks will be called ″ the limit in pure optic nystagmus ″.Similar changes of nystagmus were observed in case of subliminal rotation with intact vision, and the frequency of jerks showed a peak at a certain angular velocity.However, this critical velocity, which will be called ″the limit in subliminal rotation with intact vision″, was by far faster than that in pure optic nystagmus in spite of identity of optokinetic stimulation applied.This discrepancy is indeed due to the participation of labyrinth in case of rotation with intact vision.The latter limit, therefore, will deserve being called ″the limit of the labyrinthine function″ in true sense.Further it should be noted that the limit here defined is not an angular accerelation but an angular velocity.

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Author investigated on cochlear labyrinth cells of upper winding of guinea pig, and conclusions were as follows:
1)The relation between Hensen's cell, Deiters's cell and outer hair cells was analyzed;and cell which communicate fatty cell group in Hensen's cell and outer hair cells, were found.
These cells would have more valuable meaning than outmost Deiters's cells.
2)Epithelial cells of limbus spiralis have secretory function, which is suggested by following evidences.
(i)perforation pattern in cuticula of limbus
(ii)intra cellular granules
(iii)extra cellular granules in cuticula of limbus
(iv)some cells appen more expansive and transparent than others.
(v)in above cells, nuclei were compressed and deformed by cell contents.
Furthermore, the author considered that, so-called
″Huschke'sche Gehörzähne″would be the perforation pattern of epithelium of limbus spiralis, or its deformation.
3)A schema of ductus cochlearis of upper winding, which were determined with central line of modiolus and a habenula perforata, was demonstrated.

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The well-known Géllé's test for the diagnosis of otosclerosis has been interpreted from a new point of view, and developed the new test method that is more sensitive and simple than previous one.
The apparatus consists of audiometer, manometer and Politzer's balloon.
The procedure of the test is as follows:
The bone conduction sound of 250_??_4000cps, 40db above threshold is imparted to the ear tobe tested, then the pressure of external auditory canal is changed periodically by pressing Politzer's balloon twice a second.The pressure is gradually enhanced and the pressure when the bone conducting tone starts to pulsate is measured by the manometer.
The results obtained with various deafness were as follows:
1)The pressure was below 5 mmHg with those of normal hearing and perceptive deafness
2)The pressure was above 60 mmHg in otosclerosis.
3)In the case of other conductive deafness the pressure was.10_??_60 mmHg regardless to the presence of drum perforation.
The pulsation of the bone conducting tone in this method has been proved by the experiments on the living human ear to be due to the distortion of the inner ear.
This new method which mechanism is fundamentally different from the usual modified Géllé's test, has been designated by the author as″dynamic Géllé's test″.The original Géllé's test must be a kind of this dynamic method.

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Author studied the nerve-endings of the tensor tympani muscles and stapedial muscles of the cat stainning with gold-chloride and Bielschowsky's method.The numbers of the muscles stained by two methods are shown in the following table.
The conclusions of the experimental study were as follows:
1.The motor-endplate :The terminal arborisations of the motor-endplates of these two muscles of the cat were located generally hypolemmally.
Two morphological types of the motor-endplates of the cat's middle ear muscles were identified.One was strongly arborised and sprung from a thick nerve fibre and the other ramified slenderly like a willow-branch and was continuous to a thinner fibre.Between the two types all sorts of intermediate types were observed.
A nerve fibre which entered into a strongly arborised endplate rarely shared a common origin with that which formed a slenderly arborised endplate.
Some muscle fibres received two nerve fibres.Most of these nerve fibres were obviously the collateral to each other, but some of them showed the true double innervation, or″di-segmental″ innervation like the muscles innervated by spinal nerves.
The accessory fibre:In the cat's middle ear muscles there were few accessory fibres.They were found rarer in the tensor tympani muscle than in the stapedial muscle.It was not clear that the accessory fibre is sympathetic or not.
Ultra-terminal fibres were found neither in the tensor tympani muscles nor in the stapedial muscles.
2.The grape-like ending:Up to the time of the present investigations, the grape-like endings in mammals were found in the extrinsic eye muscles, facial muscles and laryngeal muscles, but not in the muscles of body and extrimities except the intrafusal muscle fibres of muscle-spindle.In the cat's middle ear muscles there were a few grape-like endings.This interesting fact is perhaps related to the special function of the muscles for sound transmission and also to anatomical special situation which is innervation by the cranial nerves like above mentioned muscles.
In the cat's middle ear muscles, between the motor-endplate and the grape-like ending there were many intermediate type of nerve endings.
3.The muscle-spindle:In this investigation, the muscle-spindles were divided into two types, i.e.typical and atypical.The latter was composed of only anulo-spiral ending.In 25 tensortympani muscles, only one typical spindle was found, while in the same number of stapedial muscles, a few atypical spindles were found.These observations were also possibly related with their special function.
4.Regarding to the nerve-fibres associated with blood vessels, the branched endings and the bush-like endings in the connective tissue among the muscle fibres, no differences from those of the other striped muscles were recognized.

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1)In purpose to investigate a function of the saccular otoliths, the author designed the new method injuring only saccular macule through external auditory canal and completely preserving the cochlea and the utricle.
2)In the observation of the rabbits subjected to this method, disturbance in the labyrinth reflex was very slight and grossly, reduction of tonus in the limb muscles or the change in rotation of eye were not recognized.
In the next plase, labyrinthine spinal reflex was studied by means of the electromyography.
1)The dischage interval of simple tonic NMU on a M.occip.rect.min.in the rabbit whose saccular macule had been injured was mostly 0.1_??_0.2sec.on both side, and moreover the wave pattern, electrical potential and progress were not unusual.On the other hand in the bealthy side of the rabbit whose contralateral labyrinth had been injured, the discharge.interval was very irregular and also the frequency of the discharge on the same side was charactresticaly de creased.
2)In the rabbit whose saccular macule had been destroyed, the kinetic reflex for the swing movement(50 100cm/sec2)was obviously appeared for the direction of foreward, backward, right, left, up ward and downward as in the normal rabbit.
3)The linear acceleration reflex was thoroughly by a new accurate sine-curved lineal accelera which speed was changed(0.6 0.004g)in for steps by means of an exchanger.
(1)The threshold of the liener acceleration reflex in the normal rabbit was below 9cm/sec² together for the direction of foreward, backward, right, left, upward &downward.
(2)The rabbit whose saccular macule had been injured did not react to the delicate lineal acceleration for right and left.
Namely, the saccular macule has a vestibular function, that reacts to the lineal accerelation, perpendicular to the saccle macule.

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The relation between otitis media and adrenal gland was clinically and experimentally studied.Thorn's test was done in 60 cases(30 adults and 30 children)with catarrhal otitis media.Experimental acute otitis media was produced in healthy rabbits and adrenalectomized rabbits, and serum protein fractions were studied by the salting-out method.The results were summarized as follows:
1)The function of the adrenal cortex in 60 patients(30 adults and 30 children)with catarrhal otitis media was examined by the Thorn's test.Twenty nine patients(12 adults and 17 children)or 48% of the cases showed positive reaction.Twenty three cases out of the 29 positive cases were considered to be allergic nature(8 adults and 15 children).In the positive group, 9 cases(31%)recovered from the disease and in the negative group, 70%(or 22 out of 31 patients) showed recovery.It is considered, therefore, that the healing tendency is much lower in patients with hypofunction of the adrenal cortex, regardless whether the nature of the disease is allergic or not.
2)The injection of egg ablumin solution or bacterial suspension into the tympanic cavity of healthy rabbit produced suppurative otitis media.The injection of egg albumin solution or bactcterial suspension into the tympanic cavity of the rabbit which has been previously sensitized with egg albumin produced allergic otitis media.The former was characterized by the proliferation of the connective tissue and cellular inlfitration in the mucosa.The latter was characterized by edematous swelling, dilatation of blood vessels, hemorrage, fibrin formation, and eosinophil infiltration.Pathologic changes in the allergic otitis media were milder in rabbit than in guinea pig.It is considered that the manifestations of allergic otitis media vary with animal species.
3)Experimental supparative and allergic otitis media was produced in the same manner in unilaterally adrenalectomized rabbits.In the purulent otitis media, the mucosa was characterized by marked vascular dilatation, slight edema, hemorrhage, and fibrin formation.In the allergic otitis media severe edema, vascular dilatation, hemorrhage, and fibrin formation were remarkable.
4)In the third group, the injection of the adrenal cortex hormones(Interenin)produced the mucosal changes similar to those of the second group of healthy rabbits, but did not recover to normal.
5)Serum protein fractions were studied by the salting-out method.In the experimental otitis media in the non-sensitized group, a decrease of serum albumin and an increase of γ-globulin. were observed.In the sensitized group, the changes in serum protein fraction were prominent. The removal of the adrenal gland was, in most cases, associated with an increase of γ-globuli, and this was more prominent in the sensitized rabbits.The injection of the adrenal cortex hormones (Interenin), to the adrenalectomized rabbit, resulted in the slight decrease of γ-globulin.The intense allergic reaction in the mucosa of the adrenalectomized rabbits was considered to be due to remarkable increase of γ-globulin which facilitates the allergic manifestations.
6)In summarizing the experimental results, it is evident that development of the otitis media is closely related to the adrenal cortical function.Hypofunction of the adrenal cortex predispones the animal to the development of otitis media, and once it has developed, makes the pathologic changes severe, and difficult to recover to normal.

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The authors reported a case of a 16 years old girl with myelogenic reticulosarcoina atis ng primarily in the middle ear cavity, which was proved by means of the surgical and his'athological studies.
The patient started to have the symptoms of acute middle ear infection, then pre post an infrarauricular swelling.
Later metastases to the upper arm, the cerrical vertebrae, the ribs, the symphysis pubis and the lung were observed, and died in the state like leukemia.

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Forty-five cases of tonsillar focal infection and 80 cases of control were observed.
The results were as follows:
1)Recurrent palatine tonsillitis was seen in majority of the tonsillar focal infection.
2)The palatine tonsils were usually burried and Fossa tonsillaris superior was filled with pus or plug.
3)Fever, accerlated blood sedimentation rate, myocardial disturbance, decrease in albumin and increase in γ-globulin of the blood plasma protein were characteristic.
4)Focus provocation test by ultra-short-wave was reliable.
5)Antistreptolysin reaction showed much significance for diagnosis and prognosis of focal infection.
6)In surgically semoved tonsils s-trepto-coccus hemolyticus was demonstrated in 51.5, %, Streptococcus viridaus in 42, 4%, and staphylococcus in 22.7%.

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″Malignant granuloma of the nose″has been reported with various names by different authors.Some of them regarded the disease as one of neoplastic nature, while others as one of inflammatory nature.On the other hand, allergic nature of the disease has been suggested by many authors.They considered that this disease was identical, or a type of Wegener's syndrome, one of the collagen disease.
We obtained important findings to support the neoplastic origin of this disease in our cases.

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Various clinical studies of 243 patients with chronic sinusitis were made and the findings were summarized as follows:
1)Myocardial disturbance was demonstrated on electrocardiogram in 33(13.6%)out of the 243 cases.Surgical managements achieved recovery in 27(81.9%)out of the 33 cases, but failed in the remaining 6 cases.(18.1 %).
2)Renal functions examined by the phenolsulphonphthalein and urea clearance test were abnormal in 45(18.5%a)out of the 243 cases.In kidney, glomeruli seemed to be affected more often than renal tubules.Surgical procedures achieved recovery in 38(84.4%)out of the 45 case.There was no definite relation between the recovery and the degree of disturbance of kidney function.
3)In patients with chronic sinusitis accompanied by cardiac and renal dysfunction, symptoms suggestive of allergy were obviously present.Eosinophils in the blood were increased in 63.6_??_55.5%;and the presence of eosinophils in the nasal exudate was observed in 78.7_??_73.3%.The autonomic nervous system was unstable in 87.7_??_82.2%, and, especially, was vagotonic in most cases. The capillary resistance of skin was reduced in 90.9_??_88.8%.
4)The intracutaneous reaction to bacterial and alimentary allergens was positive in 72.7_??_65.7%. "The agglutination test was positive in 63_??_57.8%.The incidence of the positive reaction to bacterial allergen was highest, to alimentary allergen was lowest, and to both bacterial and alimentary allergens was between the two.The rate of recovery by surgical treatment was highest in the cases with positive reaction to bacterial allergen, lowest in the cases with positive reaction to alimentary alle rgen, and intermediate between them in the cases positive for both bacterial and aimentary allergens.
5)The histological pictures of the mucous membranes of the sinus comprised the fibrous type.the infiltration type, and the edematous type of the conventional classification.However, unlike the common of sinusitis, bacterial count and gamma-globulin level in the tissues were not in equilibrium.In the cases that failed to respond to surgical treatment, the so-called allergic edema was present, and the tissues were either negative for microorganisms or had them only in very small numbers, and the gamma-globulin level was also declined.Besides, the agglutination test was positive in most instances to only alimentary allergen, so that the condition could not be defined as a secondary disease ascribable to focal infection.
6)The studies above stated have led to the conclusion that the cardiac and renal dysfunction accompanied by chronic sinusitis can generally be classified as follows, depending upon the etiologic mechanism:
a)Focal infections due to the chronic suppuration of the paranasal sinuses.
i)Lesions ascribable to allergic reaction to bacterial toxin(including the decomposition products of tissues).
ii)Lesions due to the direct action of bacterial toxin in the instances of allergic predisposition.
b)Lesions produced by allergic reactions similar to those responsible for the development of sinusitis.The morbid condition in this instance is no focal infection from the chronic suppuration of the paranasal sinus.

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The experimental animals used in this study were rabbits.Chronic sinusitis was produced ina the animals by infusing bacteria and egg-white albumin into the paranasal sinus over.long period of time.These phlogistic substances were also injected into the blood to produce pathologic conditions in the heart and kidney.Subsequent observations on the above phenomena have led to thefollowing conclusions:
1)Infusion of bacteria into the paranasal sinus of rabbits over long period of time results:
in cardiac and renal dysfunction.The dysfunctions occur in a higher incidence and severity in sensitized groups than in unsensitized groups.In proportion to the this, the agglutination test of serum for bacteria is positive.Histological study of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinus, shows allergic reaction and also inflammatory reaction.
2)Repeated injection of egg-white albumin into the paranasal sinus over long period of time produces cardiac and renal dysfunction like those mentioned alove.The pathologic changes aresimilar to those which follow to the repeated infusion of egg-white albumin into.the blood over a.period of time.The mucous membrane of the paranasal sinus shows allergic tissue reaction.
3)In the cases with cardiac complications, the electrocardiograms show depressed ST segment in most of the cases.Low and flat T waves are occasionally seen.Histologically, myocarditis interstitialis is noted together with myocarditis parenchymatosa.The electrocardiographic finding, and the histologic picture are approximately in parallel relationship with each other.
4)In the kidney, dysfunction mostly develops in glomeruli and renal tubules.Appearance. of albumin in urine is consistent with the dysfunction.Histological study shows glomerulonephritis accompanied by nephritis tubularis.Results of renal function test are approximately in parallel, relationship with the histological findings.
5)Injection of bacteria into the blood over long period of time results in cardiac and renal disturbances similar to those mentioned above.Myocarditis interstitialis and nephritis tubularis attributed to the direct injury by bacterial toxin are produced, and myocarditis .parenchymatosa" and glomerulonephritis attributed to allergic mechanism are also produced.The agglutination test.of serum for bacteria is at first negative but later becomes positive.
6)During the cardiac and renal disturbances secondary to bacterial sinusitis, no bacteria could be demonstrated in the heart or kidney.Killed bacteria injected into the blood induced the identical disturbances with those induced by the injection of viable bacteria.This fact suggests that in focal infection what is absorbed is not bacteria themselves but their toxin.
7)The bacterial toxin so absorbed is presumed to directly injure the heart and kidney on onehand, and on the other hand to become allergen for allergic reaction, thus damaging tissues.
8)In the histological pictures of the heart and kidney, the pathologic changes are relatively mild and do not seem to be irreversible.This fully explains the clinical experience that secondary diseases to focal infection are reversible by removing the primary focus.

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Ever since the discovery of Acatalasemia in 1946 by Takahara, 35 cases from sixteen familial groups have been reported in Japan as of April 1, 1958.With the purpose to grasp peculiarities of this constitutional abnormality simply and clearly as well as to obtain a criterion for diagnosis, we have carried out statistical observations on the 35 cases appeared in literature.All of these cases are distributed all over Japan and no case has been reported in foreign country.
The difference in sex has no great bearing on the incidence of Acatalasemia, and about one half of the cases showed the characteristic oral gangrene(Takahara's disease), which occured mostly under 10 years of age.As to the hereditary problem of Acatalasemia, it is revealed that almost all of them are found among the descendents whose parents are closely related by blood.As for the methods of treating this oral gangrene, the extraction of tooth at the diseased part, complete removal of whole lesion tissues and penicillin injection are most effective.The course and the duration for the healing of the operated wound by excision is about the same as that taken in normal person.Finally, as for the clue in finding out this acatalasemia case, the fact that the color of blood changes into brownish black as soon as hydrogen peroxide is poured on the open wound and at that instance usual bubbling does not appear, is the most important and suggestive symptom.The author wishes to call attention of doctors to these phenomena and hopes to have more corroborative cases hereafter.

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It has been said that C5 drop on audiagram is caused by the change in Corti's organ.
The authors studied bresbycusis, influence of the night duty to the hearing, the hearing test in the female cotton-mill hands and the audicgrams of alcholics, and central factor in the etiology of C5 drop was demonstrated.

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I131 Clearance test were performed in 6 different groups of patients.
(1)There was hypofunction of the parotid gland in 14 cases of Xerostomia in a narrow sense.Sialogram on 12 of these cases revealed that hypofunction was due to extra-glandular factors in .3 cases, and intra-glandular factors in 6 cases.
(2)Examinations of 9 cases of acute parotitis revealed marked decrease or disapperance of the glandular function in all the cases.In chronic parotitis, hypofunction of the gland was not always demonstrated.It seemed like that function of the gland was depended upon the function of the unaffected portion of the gland.
(3)The glandular function was within normal limits in 8 cases of mixed tumour of the parotid gland and 3 cases of Mikulicz's disease.There was marked hypofunction of the gland in 2 cases of granuloma and lymphogranuloma.
(4)Following parotidectomy performed on one side, mild compensatory hyperfunction was observed on the other side in 8 out 11 cases examined.
(5)Hypofunction of the parotid gland was demonstrated in the majority of 10 cases of possible impairment of the parasympathetic secretory nerve in the tympanic cavity following to radical mastoid operation or chronic middle ear infection.
(6)The effect of X-ray radiation to the parotid gland was studied in 17 cases.Complete loss of parotid function was observed in those who were thought to had been exposed to more than 5000 r of X-ray.
(7)Biopsy of the parotid gland was compared with I131 clearance in 17 cases.It was revealed that the results of I131 clearance test were parallel to the intensity of histologic changes in the acini, and that the changes in the ductal system and striated tubules as well as the presence of lipomatosis had no influence on the results of the clearance test.

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