This experiment was performed in the mice of ddN strain to observe the co-operative teratogenic effect by two agents, each of which showed hardly teratogenic activity for oneself.
In the controlled group A, 0.2cc of 1% trypan blue solution was injected to the female mice on the 8th day of pregnancy.
In the controlled group B, the noise of 100 phon was given them for 6 hours daily from thellth day to 14th day of pregnansy.
In the experimental group, both of the treatments described above were administered the pregnant female mice.
All the embryos were examined on the 18th day of pregnancy.
The results obtained were as follows:
(1) In the group A only one case of cleft palate was observed in 59 embryos, and in the group B only one case of polydactylia was observed in 129 embryos. But, in the experimental group, 14 cases of malformation were observed in 82 embryos; they were one case of encephalocele, six tail defect, six polydactylia and one toe defect.
(2) The embryos in the experimental group were dead or absorbed more frequently than in any other group.
(3) As regards the average weight and prematurity of embryos, significant difference was not seen among the three groups.
(4) From those results, it may be possible that malformed or dead infants are more frequently born if the women in the early stage of pregnancy are subjected to more than two teratogenic factors, even though each of these factors may be as weak as threshold.

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A. Morphological Studies
Regarding to shapes of the epiglottis of the human larynx, they were classified into four types; infantile, arc, roof and omega types. At every part of 74 epiglottis, measurements of their sizes were performed.
The results were as follows:-
1. Concerning the length of the major axis of the epiglottis and its surface area facing to the larynx, significant differences were not observed among these types except the infantile type.
2. Area of the upper part of the epiglottis projected on the plane identical with the upper surface of the vocal cords, and the angle formed by the epiglottis and a forementioned plane were larger in the types of roof and arc than that of the omega and infantile types.
3. The angle between the epiglottis and the frontal plane vertical to the upper surface of the vocal cords was the largest in the infantile type and in the order of omega, roof and arc types it was gradually decreased.
B. Aero-Hydrodynamical Studies
Aero-hydrodynamical meaning of the epiglottis-shape was studied experimentally by using cadaver's epiglottis or epiglottis, models in the smoke or water flow.
1. During expiration, the flow passing through the larynx converged to the center of the laryngeal lumen in the case of the omega type.
2. During inspiration, amount of the reverse flow at the lingual side of the epiglottis was estimated smaller in the case of arc and omega types than in the other types.
3. By the epiglottis inspiratory air flow changes its direction as if there is a jump stages gliding down snow-covered inclines on skis.

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The author conducted experiments to investigate histochemically the change in alkaline phosphatase of the spiral ganglion cells in the guinea pig exposed to powerful 1000cps pure tone stimuli (135db, 5-180 minutes).
The results obtained were as follows:
1) Alkaline phosphtase activity of the normal spiral ganglion cells was extremely strong in nucleoli, secondarily in peripheral region of cytoplasm, thirdly in another region of cytoplasm and subsequently in nuclei.
2) Following to the exposure to 1000cps pure tone stimulation, alkaline phophatase activity in spiral ganglion cells was temporarily increased for three days, then remarkably decreased in 1-2 weeks after the stimulation, thereafter, there was a tendency to recover to normal condition. Namely, in the cases exposed to stimulation for 5-15 minutes alkaline phosphatase activity became to normal limit in 3 weeks. Insvite of that in the other cases with 30-180 minutes' stimulation activity did not recover to normal.
3) When the duration of stimulation was longer, the variation of alkaline phosphatase activity was greater.

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Capacity of the frontal sinuses was measured by means of filling them with saline solution during the sinuses operation was doing and size was determined by measuring postero-frontal view of roentgenograms. From this data pneumatization of the frontal sinuses was estimated.
On the other hand, the form of the frontal sinuses was classified into three groups, namely ethmoidal type in which the lumen is limited in the ethmoidal region, frontal type in which the lumen is localized in the vertical plate of the frontal bone, and ethmo-frontal type in which the lumen is extended from the frontal bone to the ethmoidal region.
According to the studies of T. Goto and M. Yamauchi, the ethmo-frontal type was most frequently seen, though the frontal type is commonly considered the general type of the frontal sinus.
In the relationship between the form of the frontal sinus and its pneumatszation, the frontal sinuses of the etnmo-frontal type are most remarkable, and those of the frontal type are secondary in development. The ethmoidal type has a very small lumen.
The relationship between histological finding of the mucous membrane and pneumatizational findings of the frontal sinuse confirmed similar results in the other sinuses as follows; the well developed sinuses revealed mainly edematous changes in the mucous membrane anb the under-developed sinuses reveales fibrous thickening in the mucous membrane.
Edematous changes were noted predominately in ethmo-frontal type, fibrous thickening change in ethmoidal type, and an intermingling changes of the two in frontal type.
The authors noted frequent incidence of slight change of the frontal sinusitis and they concluded that thise slightly changed cases must be set aside from the generally original classification of the mucous membrane, bacause the developmental trend is slight cases for definite classification.

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The experiments were performed in order to know the details of generation of the cochlear responses. The animal used were guinea pigs. Using the differential pre-amplifire and three stage differential ampifier after I. Tasaki, the cochlear microphonics (CM) and action potential (AP) were measured by means of vestibulo-tympanal recording under asphyxia. The results of investigations are as follows:
1) Decrease of CM during asphyxia may be grossly divided into three phases, namely the unchangeble, the rapid diminished phase and the so called low level, which still persists for long period after death of animal. The former two are called CM, and the latter CM₂.
2) It was observed that the longer the period of asphyxia, the longer the time for recovery and moreover recovery was incomplate.
3) Increaese of the stimulating tone from 30 to 40 phon did not show any change in decreasee or recovery of CM during asphyxia.
4) With repeat of aspehyxia on same animal, the CM decrease became gradually more rapid and the recovery became slower and incomplete.
5) Then the recording position was changed from basal to the third turn of cochlea and the stimulating tone frequency was boosted from 250 to 4000cps. But no change was noted in decrease nor in recovery of the CM during asphyxia.
6) There were no difference of the phase between CM₁ and CM₂ during asphyxia.
7) The preservation of energy, which the CM generation require, is very small.
8) Both CM₁ and CM₂ are similarly influenced by the exposure to loud tone.
9) If we conisder the behavior of the CM is due to the lack of oxygen, it seemes that the CM generation mechanism is biological.
10) Resistance and recovery of AP N₁, N₂ for the lack of oxygen are weaker than that of CM in similar condition.

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L'auteur a etudie la chirurgie de la surdite et surtout les effects des interventions.
Il a mesure les pertes et les gains, apres plusieurs manoeuvres sur les osselets, par une methode electro-physiologiques et examein enfin les coupes histologiques chez les animaux pris comme sujets d'experiences pour voir l'innocuite de cette chirurgie.
A) L'experimentation elect-ro-physiologique a montre
a) sur l'enclume
1) La desarticulation incudo-stapedienne, sans luxation de l'enclume. et la remise en contact des surfaces articulaires, provoquent une legere perte de l'audition de 0 a 6 db.
2) La luxation complete de l'enclume ou l'extraction de l'apophyse lenticulaire provoque une perte de 40 a 50db, voire meme une perte de 55 en 250c/s.
3) La remise en contact des surfaces articulaires, apres une luxation complete de l'enclume, donne, par rapport a la normale, une perte de 5 a 25db suivant les frequences.
4) L'ablation complete de l'enclume donne une perte de 55db en moyenne.
b) sur l'etrier
1) Chez les animaux qui ont une perte de l'audition de l'ordre de 50db par l'ablation on la luxation de l'enclume, la perforation de la platine ou la resection de l'etrier ne determine pas une amelioration nette de l'audition, si le tympan est ferme.
2) Cette audition est amelioree, si une perforation du tympan est pratiquee en face de la fenetre ovale. La mise en greffe de la veine sur cette fenetre ne montre pas de changement appreciable de l'audition.
B) Constatations histo-pathologiques
a) dans l'oreille moyenne
1) La prise de la greffe a ete reussi, mais it faut tenir compte de l'epaisseur de cette greffe, car elle pourrait aussi bloquer la fenetre ovale.
2) Les osselets remis en place apres une interruption, se soudent bien. Om peut voir me me une tendance d'ossification de ces tissus traumatises.
3) L'effet des substances resorbables parait satisfaisant.
4) L'emploi des anti-biotiques est indispensable, car, dans les cas ou on l'a meglige, , on a observe une inflammation prolongee dans la caisse.
5) La proliferation des tissus conjonctifs daps l'attique apres ces manoeuvres est considerable selon l'espece des animaux, cc qui peut entrainer une perte de l'audition.
6) La greffe muqueuse doit titre debarrassee de la couche epidermique, qui pourrait former un cbolesteatome dans l'espace clos.
b) Dans l'oreille interne
L'autuer a signale trois orders de perturbations possibles a Ia suite de ces manoeuvres;
1) En ce qui concerne l'infection, il y a peu de possibilite du labyrinthite. si les precautions rigoureuse preoperatiores sont prises. L'operation sur la fenetre ovale serait moins dangereuse que celle de la fenestration du canal externs.
2) Au point de vue des perturbations mecaniques de 1'oreille interne, ii faut eviter la perte du liquide perilymphatique. De plus des considerations doivent titre faites sur les rapports anatomiques du labyrinthe membraneux.
3) Le traumatisme acoustique est possible, mais l'auteur n'a passpecialement remarque, de modifications histologiques dans ces coupes.
De ces experimentations. l'auteur conclut que la chirurgie de la surdite doit titre faite, en conservant le systeme de transmission sonore. Il faut toujours essayer de la sauvegarder ou de Ie reconstituer, lorsqu'il a ete lese, par ses elements physiologiques et cette chirurgie, si elle est pratiquee soigneusement, ne comporte aucun danger pour l'oreille interne.

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I made this experiment for the purpose of study on the effect of rabbits serum protein frattion through sound stimulation.
Healthy rabbits were exposes to pure tone at 1000cps for 5, 10, 15, and minutes.
Sound pressure was maintaned at 110db, 120db, and 135db. Serum proteinfraction was measured by the paper-Electrophoresis on the Kobayashi's method.
The results were as follows:
1) The decrease of serum total protein and albumin and the increase of γ-globulin become conspicuous as much as the stimulated sound pressure becomes great and as much as the stimulation time. becomes long.
2) Decrease of serum ttotal protein albumininserumprotein begins to come out from the stimulative condition at 110 db for 10 minutes. Increase of γ•globulin shows by stronger stimulation than the first condition.
3) When the stimulated sound pressure becomes 135db. the decrease of serum total protein and albumin in serum and the increase of γ-globulin come out early after the stimulation not withstanding the stimulation time. The recovery can not be seen before the lapse of 48 hours.
From the results of the experiments, the changes of the serum protein frection by the exposure to sound stimulation, is considered to be due to the automaticnerve-system and internalsecretionsystem reaction.

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An attempt has been made to reveal the true architecture of the ossicular chain in the human ear by using newly devised method.
The auditory ossicles were embedded with resin in their natural state in the tympanic cavity and then removed as a unit from the skull. Roentgenograms of the embedded ossicles were made in three directions. Projection figures were prepared from the X-ray pictures and the necessary distances and angles were calculated.
The results obtained from the 57 cases examined are:
1) The axis between the tip of the head and the tip of the handle of the malleus was almost parallel with the axis between the tip of the body and the tip of the long process of the incus.
2) The above-mentioned two axes were about rectangular with the usual axis of rotation but slightly inclined backwards.
3) The axis between the top of the body and the tip of the long process of the incus crossed roughly rectangular to the axes formed by the edge of the head of the stapes and the anterior and the tposterior edge of the base of the stapes, but slightly inclined to the former.
4) The tip of the handle of the malleus, the tip of the long process and the edge of the short process of the incus did not exist in a straight line.
5) The mean lever ratio of the malleus to the incus was 1.22, which was less than the data previously reported. In 8 cases out of 57, this ratio was less than 1.
6) This axis between the anterior process of the malleus and the tip of the long process of the incus was roughly rectangular to the anterior crus of the stapes. The axis between the edge of the short process and the tip of the long process of the incus was also roughly rectangular to the posterior crus of the stapes.
From this fact, it was assumed that the low pitched sound might be more easily conducted by the anterior crus of the stapes, and on the other hand, the high frequency sound by the posterior crus of the stapes. However, this presumption will need further investigation.

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It is not an infrequent experience to see a subcutaneous hemorrhage in the eye-lid or conjunctiva localized not always ipsilaterally but sometimes contralaterally after an Oto-Rhino-Laryngological operation, especially after a sinus operation.
In order to eludidate the cause of the hemorrhage, the author performed the following experimental study on the rat: croton oil was injected into the tissue of the wall of the paranasal sinus or into the buccal mucosa through the lip. Ipsi- or contralateraly located palpebral hemorrhage was obeerved to occur following the injection.
Histological study of the palpebral tissue revealed that the lesion was mainly due to the vascular disturbance with edema, vaso-dilatation, stagnation of blood cells and hemorrhage, as well as localized necrosis in severly damaged areas.
Lesions were also found in the lungs, liver, kidneys and other organs. Suzuki. Iida and Fukazawa described similar lesions due to vascular disturbance in those organs of the pig produced as a manifestation of the Reilly's phenomenon.
In the author's experiment, intensity of the palpebral hemorrhage and of the lesions in those organs pararelled with each other.
These facts has induced the author to interprete the hemorrgagic lesion in the eye-lid as a manifestation of the Reilly's phenomenon.

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The author made investigation on postmortem change depend on the temperture in the inner ear by Daito's inner ear irrigating fixation method with three ways that were 5°C, 15°C and 30°C in rabbits.
The results were as follows.
1)5°C after death. The hair cells showed no marked change in 6 hours, and were showed atrophic, slender and contained pycnotic nuclei from 12 hours after death. There showed no marked change in the stria vascularis and the supporting cells after 24 hours on postmortem specimen.
The nuclei of the spinal ganglion cells showed no marked change till 6 hours after death, and were atrophic, slender and cotained pycnotic nuclei from 12 hours after death.
The vestibule and the semicircular canal showed no marked change till 6 hours after death.
2) 15°C after death. The hair cells showed no marked change in 3 hours, and tended to deteriolate from 6 hours after death. The supporting cells showed no marked change after 24 hours, while the stria vascularis tended to deteriolate from 12 hours after death.
The nuclei of the spinal ganglion cells showed no marked change till 2 hours after death, and all nuclei became atrophic and slender after 6 hours.
The vestibule and the semieircular canal showed no marked change till 6 hours after death.
3) 30°C after death. The hair cells showed no marked change in 1 hour, and marked change from 3 hours, and tended to deteriolate from 12 hours. The supporting cells tended to deteriolate from 6 hours, while the siria vascularis tended to deteriolate from 3 hours.
The nuclei of the spinal ganglion cells showed marked change after 1 hour, tended to derteriolate from 2 hours.
The vestibule and the semicircular canal showed no change till 2 hours, and showed loosening of the epithelium after 3 hours.
4) In 5°C after death the specimen showed no marked postmortem change histologically after 6 hours. The state at 15°C and 30°C corresponds to that respectively after 3 hours and 1 hours.

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A depth knotter, named Roederbinder, was invented 27 years ago, but it has not been commonly used in his own country. This instrument is consisted of the two parts, a catgut loop and its holder and is very convenient for the ligation of the bleeding vessels, particularly in tonsillectomy, because we can ligate the vessels easily, if forceps are applited to the bleeding point.
The author reported this short paper hoping wide adoption of this instrument.

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he patient was a 32-year-old woman, who complained the facial weakness and the tinnitus on the right side, and occasionally the headaches, of two years'duration.
The right external auditory canal was filled with the grayish-pink tumor that had cartilage-like consistency and smooth surface. Another local findings were almost normal without the palsy of the right-sided 7th nerve. The hearing tests revealed the pure conductive deafness on the right ear. The vestibular function was normal. X-ray findings showed a small destructive process on the right petrous bone. Pre- operatively, a biopsy of the graunlar mass in the right external auditory meatus confirmed the original diagnosis of the glomus jugular tumor.
The postaural radical mastoidectomy was performed without excessive bleeding under local anesthesia. The main tumor filled the entire external auditory canal, and invaded the lower part of the petrous bone and the base of the external in size of the little finger.
After operation, deep X-ray therapy (2400r.) and implanatation of radon seeds (5mc) were applied. There has been no recurrence observed for two years. This case is apparently the third report of the glomus jugulare tumor from Japan.

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