The main purpose of this study is to disclose relations between two phenomena in abnormal auditory adaptation, called threshold tone decay (TTD) and reduced amplitude in the Bekesy tracings, and modulating frequency of an amplitude modulated tone. Amplitude modulated tones at the various rates of modulating frequencies was made by modulating a 4000cps pure tone with an amplitude fluctuation of 3db in the form of trapezoidal change at the rates of 10, 20, 30, and 40cps of modulating frequencies. Both Bekesy audiometry and the self-recording TTD tests were performed for five ears with sensory neural type hearing impairment, which showed marked TTD and reduced amplitude for non-modulated pure tone.
As a result of an increase in modulating frequency from 10cps to 40cps, the degree of TTD and reduced amplitude was remarkably enhanced. TTD and reduced amplitude for an amplitude modulated tone at the rate of 40cps in modulating frequency showed approximately the same values as those for a continuous tone.

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In order to characterize the reaction of eosinophil cells in allergic conditions, the variations of eosinophil cells were observed in vasomotor rhinitis and in Japanese cedar pollinosis. And tissue eosinophilia was observed in pollinosis.
The clinical significance of observation on the variation of eosinophil cells in nasal allergy was discussed.
There exsisted in the period of attacks of pollinosis a quantitative correlation between the degree of blood-eosinophilia and the quantity of eosinophil cells in nasal mucus.
At the provocation test, it was observed that there exsisted a temporary decrease of eosinophil cells in blood before the period of eosinophilia.
The variation of eosinophil cells in nasal mucus was found parallel to that of allergic conditions of pollinosis.
Observation on the variation of eosinophil cells in blood and in nasal mucus was very significant for diagnosis and treatment of nasal allergy.
Tissue eosinophilia was indispensable to allergic reactions.

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It has been known that in the case with nasal septum deviation, the inflammation is apt to be caused in the epipharyngeal region corresponding to the convex side of nasal septum and the severer is the deviation, which causes greater nasal obstr uction on the convex side, the more remarkable become the localization of inflammation in the epipharyngeal region to the same side. As one of the most important causes of the above-mentioned phenomenon, it can be considered that the abnormal air current in epipharynx due to unilateral nasal obstruction will cause the condition in which the dusts in the air are liable to attach in the epi. pharyngeal region to the convex side. Observati. on was therefore made on the dust attachment in the epipharynx with experimental nasal septum deviation.
The result showed that the attachment of dust was of a higher degree in the epipharyngeal region to the convx side quantitatively and also their size was rather large on the convex side.

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Content;
The peripheral distribution of the superior and inferior laryngeal nerves of 47 grown-up dogs were dissected and examined by means of an oto-micro- scope. The findings are as following;
1. The internal branch of the superior laryn- geal nerve of a dog consists chiefly of sensory fibers. It divides itself into two superior and inferior branches outside of the larynx, and afte- rwards the superior banch divides itself farther into two branches.
One of these branches spreads among the muco- us membrane of epiglottis and the other divides chiefly among arytenoide mucous membrane. The inferior twig of the internal branch ramifies in the mucous membrane of larynx and makes an anasto- mosis with posterior branch of the recurrent lary- ngeal nerve. This is the so-called Galen's anasto- mosis.
2. The external branch of the superior laryn- geal nerve contains for the most part motor nerve fibers. They divide themselve into two terminal twigs and is distributed among the cricothyroid muscle, (pars recta and pars obliqua).
3. The recurrent nerve divides itself into ant- erior and posterior branch at the level of the lower margin of cricoid cartilage outside of the larynx. The anterior branch, which is considered chiefly as motor nerve divides immediately after ramifica- tion. This middle twig distributes in the posterior crico-arytenoid muscle. The anterior branch, then, penetrates into the laryx, and gives a twig for transversal arytenoid muscle and lateral crico- arytenoid muscle. Lastly the branch distributes itself among the vocal cord, (the thyroarytenoid muscle).
The location of nerve penetration into the vocal cord is nearly the spot, 2/3 length of the vocal cord distent from the anterior commissure, that is, 1/3 length of the vocal cord from the posterior commissure. The ramification of nerve fibers in the thyro-arytenoid musclesis so complicated, that internal and external thyro-arytenoid muscle couldnot be distinguished by means of nerve supply. The posterior branch of the recurrent nerve, which is regarded chiefly as sensory, makes a so-called Galen's anastomosis combined with the interior twig of the internal branch of the superior laryn- geal nerve.
4. Each Galen's anastomosis ramifies on it's way, with 5 or 6 branches for the mucous membr- ane of the entrance for esophagus. One of these branches, (second twig from below) of the both sides makes an anastomoses in the anterior wall of esophagus at the level between arytenoid cartilage and cricoid cartilage.
5. Para-recurrent nerve spreads, on its way, into 12 to 16 branches for tracheal and esophageal mucous membrane, and also makes anastomoses with recurrent nerve. Some of these branches pen- etrate into larynx, but they all terminate in the mucous membrane, and are probably sensory bran- ches.

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A man, aged 73, complaining of obstinate hoarseness of voice, was found to have - duplicity of different kinds of tumors in both vocal cords.
The tumors were removed by laryngofissure. Histological examination revealed that the tumor from the left vocal cord was fibrosarcoma and that the one in the right was carcinoma in situ.
Postoperative course has been uneventful for seven months without local recurrence.
Such a duplicity is extremely rare, our case being the first reported in Japan according to our survey of Japanese literature.
Japanese literatures on sarcoma of larynx were also presented.

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Using William's steel chamber installed in the rabbit ear lobe, which was slightly modified by the author, the process of normal complete vascularization in the transparent chamber, the absorption of suppuration in the chamber and the absorption of Gelatin Sponge (Gelfoam(g)) was observed.
The results were as follows ;
(1) In the process of normal complete vascularization in the chamber, the vascular invasion was seen extending centripetally from all points around its periphery. Capillary plexus grows continously by the mean of capillary sprouts and loop formation.
The edge of advancing zone of capillary plexus is always preceded by hemorrhage (partly hemolysis). Therefore, a moderate amount of hemorrhage seemed to induced the growth of the newly developed tissue.
Migrating fibroblasts and the infiltration of macrophages and leucocytes were also observed in the advancing zone of capillary plexus.
(2) Even in the case of appearance of suppuration in the chamber, the process of vascularization was almost same as that of the normal complete vascularization, except that the noticable infiltration of macrophages around the suppuration and slower rate of vascularization were observed.
(3) It is realized that there is no difference, in the process and rate, between normal vascularization and the case of installation of Gelfoam into the chamber but the remarkable infiltration of cells and numerous giant cells were observed when the newly developed tissue reached the Gelfoam.
Therfore, it was concluded that the Gelfoam was absorbed by these phagocytes.

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Polyethylene ring and stainless steel wire began to be used in the middle ear surgery, when ne- eded, about several years ago.
Using William's steel chamber, which was sli- ghtly modified by the author, tissue reaction of polyethylene ring and stainless steel wire which were installed in the transparent chamber was observed.
The chamber was fixed and its contents stained for histological study
. The results were as follows;
(1) It was observed that there is no difference in the process and rate, between normal vasculari- zation and the case of installation of polyethylene ring and stainless steel wire.
(2) The remarkable foreign body reaction was observed when newly developed tissue grows over polyethylene ring. Thereafter, foreign body reac- tion gradually subsided and polyethylene ring was finally encapsulated by a layer of fibrocytes.
(3) The reaction of the newly developed tissue growing over stainless steel wire seemed to be more depressed than that of the normal vasculari- zation. After complete vascularization, it was observed that almost all of the stainless steel wire was directly encapsuloted by a layer of giant cells and the outside, by the dense fibrous., layer, but the increase of the macrophages and the infiltration of the round cells around the wire were more remarkable than those of the polyethylene ring.
(4) From observation of specimens for three to nine months, it was concluded that polyethylene ring and stainless steel wire remain in the newly developed tissue and only show slight foreign body reaction.

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Clinical observations were made on 43 prschool children with hearing and speech disorders in Iba- raki Prefecture, from the records in Tokyo Uni- versity Hospital and Ibarki Central Hospital.
1) Twenty-seven were male and sixteen were female.
2) Social and intelligence quatient of these children were measured by using non-verbal perfo- rmance test.
The percentage of normally developed children was 70% and that of slightly retarded was 18% and that of severely impaired was 11%.
3) The grade of hearing impairment was de- termined by using conditioning orientation reflex, startle reflex, play audiometry and objective EEG audiometry.
The children with hearing loss of 30 to 50dB were 20% of total children suffering from hearing and speech disorders and those of 40 to 80dB were 42% and the severely impaired were 28%.
By early education for those partially deaf young children wearing hearing aid whose hearing loss was ranging from 40 to 80dB, we had, good result with cooperation with teachers in deaf scho- ol, case workers, psychologists and their parents.
4) Early diagnosis must be made by speciali- st, at least before 3 years of age. For early diagn- osis, the Health Center should carry out physical check-upsrfor 3 years old children according to the Child Welfare Law.

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The hearing disorder in infants is often acco-mpanied by retarded speech, mental retardation, and other physical defect. And the examinationon the patients having these troubles is verydifficult to be performed. On the other hand, the relation between these troubles and their hearing disrders is unknown.
In this paper, to know the state of hearing disorders in infants, some methods of audiometry for infantile patients were discussed and the etio-logic circumstances of them were studied. Moreo-ver, the interrelation of hearing disorder and mcn-tal retardation was investigated.
In the first chapter, the reliability and pos-sibility of the audiometry for infants were discus-sed and the hearing threshold of normal infantswas measured.
In the second, the etiologic observations have been done upon the hearing disordered infans in some regions, and then, the state of them was discussed.
In the third, the interrelation of infantile hea-ring disorder and mental retardation or cerebral paralysis was studied.
It comes to the conclusion that these disordered infants are sometimes treated indiscriminately and conceptually. Moreover, the contents of infantile disorders such as hearing impairment, retarded speech, mental retardation, and cerebral paralysis etc. were sometimes not confirmed. It is the fact that infantile hearing disorders have some influen-ces upon the development of speech or intelligence-however, in this report, it is advocated that there is no interrelation between inner deafness and essen-tial mental retardation, especially between hearing disorder and mental deficiency.

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