Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho
Online ISSN : 1883-0854
Print ISSN : 0030-6622
ISSN-L : 0030-6622
Volume 69, Issue 4
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
  • SINSAK HORIGUT
    1966 Volume 69 Issue 4 Pages 1-82
    Published: 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The eipharyngeal cavity, which is situatedbehind the nasal cavity, is often affected by infla-mmation which is not always noticed even by thepatient himself. This inflammation is also diffi-cult to discover by routine observation methodssuch as posterior rhtnoscopy or epipharyngealendoscopy. The only method of ascertainingthis inflammation is the direct method ; touchingthe epipharynx wall, especially the backside ofthe soft palate, directly with a cotton applicator.If there exists inflammation in the epipharynx, the patient feels severe pain and sometimes evenbleeding is seen as a result of slight rubbing ofthe wall. The smear which is made from thisinserted cotton applicator shows the approximatedegree of inflammation.
    The exact diagnosis of epipharyngitis can bemade only by this direct procedure. Also by thisprocedure, many cases of epipharyngitis whichusually show no local symptoms are found.
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  • MIRUASCULAR PATTERN BY MICROANGIOGRAPHY
    Kozo YOKOKAWAD
    1966 Volume 69 Issue 4 Pages 691-759
    Published: 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Blood supply of the human external auditory meatus and the middle ear were investigated by using of the radiopaques injected materials obtained from 24 human fetuses (48 Ears) ranging in age from 5 months to 10 months.
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  • HIDENOBU OTOZAI
    1966 Volume 69 Issue 4 Pages 760-777
    Published: 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to establish an objective audiometry, the anther studied the intra-aural muscle reflex elicited by sound stimulation.
    The changes of acoustic impedance at eardrum i.e. effective volume change and air pressure change of the external ear canal caused by middle ear muscle reflex were measured by using modified Nagashima's *Aural Reflex Indicator* and electric micro-manometer, respectively.
    Measurements were performed on 60 normal subjects and the patients with peripheral facial nerve palsy (30), Eustachian tube stenosis (60) and noise induued deafness (40). In animal experiments, 30 rabbits and 40 guinea pigs were used. The following conclusion can be drawn from the results.
    1) The effect of the acoustic middle ear mus- cle reflex was recorded by electric micro-manometer in 97% of the normal ears, while by Aural Reflex Indicator it was detected in 85%.
    2) White noise is found to be most effective for eliciting the aural reflex in humann as well as experimental animals.
    3) The aural reflex effect is almost undetect- able, is any, by Aural Reflex Indicator in cases of conductive type deafness and facial nerve palsy, but it is recorded remarkably by electric micro- manometer.
    4) The individual susceptibility to noise ind- uced deafness could be presumed from the magni- tude of reflex activity.
    5) The experimental study and the study in the patients with facial nerve palsy made it pos- sible to distinguish the reflex effect of the tensor tympany muscle and stapedial muscle.
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  • NORIYUKI YANAGITA
    1966 Volume 69 Issue 4 Pages 778-812
    Published: 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This investigation is concerned with an analy-sis of the histopathologic changes in the middle ear mucosa of 93 patients with chronic non-cholesteat-omatic otitis media and 33 patients with chronic cholesteatomatic otitis media.
    The middle ear mucosa at the area of the pro-montrium, tympanic opening of the tube, fossa ovalis, epitympanum, and antrum, are investigated to compare with clinical findings observed in tym-panoplasty.
    In most instances both clinical and histological findings of the mucosa are well agreeing but discr-epancy is also not infrequent.
    In non-cholesteatomatic otitis, disagreement between clinical and histological findings mostly occurs in the cases that show slight thickening of the mucosa clinically but in histology keratinized squamous epithelium. In cholesteatomatic otitis, errors are most frequently made in those mucosa which present clinically no evidence of cholesteat-oma but in histology evidence of keratinized squa-mous epithelium. In analizing the causes of such clinical misinterpretation, it is found that errors occurred when the surface of the mucosa was cov-ered with discharge or when the mucosa presented reddening. When such changes are present, it se-ems to be not easy that clinical findings of mucosa in tympanoplasty are exactly evaluated.
    Being based upon the clinical and histological changes of the mucosa, in the further steps, diagn-ostic criteria are tentatively established that diffe-rentiate which mucosa is to be removed or preser-ved in tympanoplasty.
    From histological view point, pathologic findi-ngs of the mucosa to be absolutely removed opera-tively are keratinized squamous epithelium, necro-sis, cyst, glandular structure, cholesterol granuloma and relatively are calcification and moderate to severe fibrosis.
    On this histological criteria, clinical signs indi-cating operative removal of the mucosa are edem-atous swelling, granulation, calcification, epitheliali-zation and presence of cholesteatoma.
    In the region of epitympanum and antrum mucosa presnting thickening clinically should also be removed.
    These observations demand reappraisal of clini-cal findings on which presently preservation of the mucosa is suggested, and also they, have evidenced one factor of reccurrent otorrhea postoperatvely and given some suggestion for the prophylax of postope-rative reccurrent inflammation.
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  • WATANABE KAZUO
    1966 Volume 69 Issue 4 Pages 813-817
    Published: 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    According to Donders, in expiration the nasal cavity. 50_??_60 percent of the amount of moisture remains in the air-passage. There are no explan-ations on the distinct mechanism how expiratory moisture decreases.
    According to my presumption, the phenomenon might be attributed to contact with inspira.ion and the secretions when the air goes through the nasal cavity, and calculated the temperature and humidity in the nasal and nasopharyngeal cavity.
    (1) t1 =36-C, H1=0.0471 (temperature and hu-midity of expiration in the moains nasopharyngeus)
    (2) T1=25-C (temperature of the remaineing moisture in the nasal Cavity before inspiration) T2=30-C (temperature after inspiration)
    (3) L=0.232=10-2kg-mo1H2O/hr (The remained moistme im the nasal cavity)
    (4) G= 1.45 ×10-2kg-molgas/hr. (the expiratory-volume contact with remained air)
    As the result of these calculations, the state-of decreasing moisture is H'-H'2=0.003kg-malH2O/kg-mldrygas.
    Now, exchanging this value for the volumetric percantage, it is concluded that about 0.64 percent of expiratoy moisture remained in the nasal cavity.
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  • HIROSHI NAKANO
    1966 Volume 69 Issue 4 Pages 818-831
    Published: 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The structure and morphological change of the excretory gland in the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus was studied and discussed on the structural principles of these pneumatic csvity fou- nd by Goto and his co-workers.
    1. The excretory gland of the maxillary sinus is a tubulo-cellular gland consisted of the tubar and cavitary part, and the latter is further divided into the tubular and cellular parts. This structure is in accordance with the structural principles of the pneumatic cavities including the middle ear, pranasal sinus, and lung.
    2. The developmental grade of the gland in the maxillary sinus corresponds to the grade of pneumatisation in the majority.
    3. There exists a gross correlation between the pathological change of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus and the developmental grade of the gland. For instance, the fibrous type mu- cous membrane has many atrophic glands and the edematous or mild type mucous membrane contains many well-developed glands.
    4. The excretory canal is dilated in the gland with atrophic cells and it is narrow in the gland with large cells.
    5. The distal cells are atrophic in those cases in which the excretory canal shows cystic dilatation. In these cases blind closure of the glandular orfice was confirmed on the serial section specimens. This change is often found in the mucous memb- rane with fibrous type change.
    6. Activity of the gland measured by its dye sensitivity of the mucous membrane to muticarmine dye correlated to the size of the glandular canal.
    7. Activity of the gland was lowered as the pathlogical change of the mucous membrane prog- ressed.
    8. Stenosis of the excretory canal of a gland causes active proliferation of the epithelial cells in the walls of the proximal part of the excretory canal and cystic dilataion covered with one layer of the epithelial cells in the distal part.
    The above study revealed that the excretory glands in the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus follow the principles of the pneumatic cavity both in its structure and the morphological change.
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  • MAKOTO ISHII
    1966 Volume 69 Issue 4 Pages 832-861
    Published: 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Part I Stromal Reaction
    On 150 cases of laryngeal cancer the author studied the conditions that influenced on stromal reaction. The chief results were as follows:
    1) In most cases the tumor of the upper parts above the ventricle of the larynx presented thick cell infiltration, but that of the lower parts below the vocal cords had much proliferation of increased connective tissue.
    2) As for the tumor of the lower parts below the vocal cords, the one slightly infiltrating into the deep tissue had thick cell infiltration, but as the infiltration advanced, connective tissue was proliferated more closely and infiltrating cells be-came less.
    3) Three types of tumor tissues classified by the developing form showed their individual ten-dencies to stromal reactions.
    4) It was only recognized in the small range along ulcer that ulcer formation influenced on stromal reaction.
    Part II Blood Supply in Cancerous Tissue
    The author observed blood supply in experi- mental skin-cancer of mice and in human laryn- geal cancerous tissue, using India ink. Following was obtained results.
    1) After epithelial cells began to show can- cerous proliferation in the process of experimental skin-cancer formation, various figures showing ab normal blood flow were recognized in addition to the dilation of the blood vessels that had been formerly observed.
    2) The surrounding stroma of human laryngeal cancer presented the same figures above mentioned in experimental skin cancer.
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  • TAKEO SATO
    1966 Volume 69 Issue 4 Pages 862-866
    Published: 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The ten cases which had received roentgen therapy for benign diseases, such as chronic dermatitis, tuberculosis of the cervical nodes and others, were diagnosed as radiation-cancer during the recent five years.
    Five of them were found to be the cancer of the pharynx or hypopharynx, two being the cancer of the thyroid gland, one being the fibrosarcoma of the upper lip and one was duplicated cancer in the thyroid and larynx. The last case was a rarelycase of being caused by extravasated and retentio-ned thorotrast in the neck.
    All these cancers developed in the area where was primarily irradiated for the treatment of ben-ign disease.
    The latent period was from 13 to 32 years withe the average of 25 years.
    In regard to pathological findings, six were well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma in the pharynx, hypopharynx and larynx and three were papillary and follicular adenocarcinoma in the thyroid gland.
    Three were treated with radiation therapy only, five were operated upon and one case was treated with combined radiological and surgical therapy.
    Of ten cases, two had the local recurrence.
    The radiation cancer is one of the typical iat-rogenic diseases. The author cannot help reflecting with concern about the miserable facet of the pro-sperous modern medicine.
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  • TOSHITAKA IINUMA
    1966 Volume 69 Issue 4 Pages 867-875
    Published: 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The enzymatic ATP-hydrolyzing system in the stria vascularis and spiral ligament of the normal guinea pig was investigated. The existence of membrane ATPase, which is said to be closely related to the active transport of sodium and pot-assium across biological membranes, was establis-hed. The membrane ATPase in the present study was found to be similar in many respects to that found in various tissues.
    The activity of the membrane ATPase in the stria vascularis and spiral ligament was considered to be fairly high in comparis-in to other secretory tissues. The distribution of the enzyme activity among various portions of the membranous labyri-nth was also demonstrated.
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  • HIROSHI NISHIMURA
    1966 Volume 69 Issue 4 Pages 876-883
    Published: 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Electron microscopical studies of esophgus dil-ated experimentally by administration of D.F.P. and vagotomy were made in rabitts as compared with normal, and the following results were obtaind.
    1) The epithelial cell of the normal esophageal mucosa is the most interest.
    There are no special cell organoids, except small and round mitochondoria, Golgi-complex, and small numbers of vesicles which seem to be pyno-cytosis in the cytoplasm of this cell. Particulary, free microsomes and granular reticulum are not observed.
    The cytoplasm is fulled with amorphous, hom-genous and slightly electron stained matrix.
    2) The all surfaces of the epithelial cell are undulated and the free surface is like microvilli.
    It is presumed that these undulations have two functions such as passage way and mechanical dila-tion by deglutition and have no relation with a function widening absorbable surface of the genuine microvilli.
    3) The elementary substance of connective tissue and collagen fibril which are not recognized by using optical microscope are found in some spaces between both epithelial cells. They are called "ultrafein papilla".
    The consituent of the connective tissue of the ultra fein papilla is originated from the papilla of the proprium layer of the mucosa. This ultra fine papilla is one form indicating mechanical dilation.
    4) The common features of the experimental esophageal dilation which was made by administr-ation of D.F.P. and vagotomy are remakable in the tunica muscularis. Myofibrils are slender and the space of each myofibril, is widened. And breaking, trans formation, and vanishing of the mitochondoria are recognized. on the other hand decreasing of the numbers and vanishing of the glycogen granulas are noticed.
    These changes are as same as in the ultra fine structure which are found in the muscular atrophy.
    5) There are some differences between both functional mechanisms of D.F.P. and vagotomy.
    The changes of the mitochondoria in the cases of medication of D.F.P. and those of the myofibril in the case of vagotomy are remarkable in the electron microscopic study. As for these findings, careful cosideration was paid to solve the causes of these differnces.
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