The displacement of the body's center of gravity in normal subjects was calculated by using-platform with two load cells and strain gauge, a magnetic data recorder, an X-Y recorder and a digital computer under the following conditions.
1. With feet together (closed feet position) and with feet formed at an angle of 60 degrees (open feet position).
2. In normal standing position and the standing positions with head tilted towards the right, left, downward or upward.
The following results were obtained:
1. The total length of the locus followed by the body's center of gravity in forty normal subjects during normal standing with eyes open for 1 minute was 52.0±18.5 cm with closed feet position and 30.8±18.6 cm with open feet position There were some differences observed among the values of different head positions.
2. The ratio of the total length with the eyes closed to that of open during normal standing for 1 minute was 1.56±0.56 with closed feet position and 1.99±1.00 with open feet position. The amount of scatter in calculated values of the open feet position was greater as compared with that of the closed feet position.
3. The length of the displacement of the body's center of gravity with feet together was calculated every 10 seconds. The time course of the length with eyes open was very stable throughout 2 minutes, however, there was a characteristic curve obtained with eyes closed, showing an initial great deflection and afterwards several small deflections.
4. The test-retest reliability of measuring locus of the body's center of gravity was examined using data obtained with one week of interval. No significant difference was statistically proved (p=0.01).

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In order to evaluate the reliability of the slow vertex evoked response audiometry in young deaf children during sleep, response detectability, rate of false positive decision, agreement between scorers and test-retest agreement were investigated in 6 young children aged 2 to 4years with hearing impairment of 60 to 70 dB.
The slow vertex evoked response was recorded with a 1000Hz pure tone at the intensity levels of 40, 60, 80 and 100 dB above averaged threshold of normal adults. Consecutive 50stimuli were averaged and 10 averaged traces were obtained at each intensity level and without stimulation per subject. Then 3 trained scorers made independently decisions of presence or absence of an evoked response on a total of 300 traces prepared. For investigating test-retest agreement, a retest was performed 18 months later on 150 traces obtained from 3 out of 6subjects.
Results obtained were as follows:
1. A marked increase in the response detectability was in changing the level of stimulus intensity from 60 to 80 dB (from 20.6% to 63.9%).
2. The rate of false positive response was 7.2% of the traces without simulation.
3. Agreement between 3 scorers was obtained in 77.0% of the total judgments.
4. More than 90% agreement was achieved between the first and second judgments with an interval of 18 months.
From the above mentioned results, the conclusion can be drawn that the slow vertex evoked response audiometry during sleep is reliable and valid in young children with impaired hearing.

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The hyposensitization therapy was carried out on 44 allergic rhinitis patients. The released human leukocyte histamine to house dust antigen, S-IgE, S-IgG, specific nasal mucous mem-brane sensitivity test to house dust antigen, noe-specific nasal mucous membrane sensitivity test to serotonin disc and antigen neutralizing capacity were measured both before and after a year of hyposensitization, and the results were presented, and discussed to make objective criteria for the effect of hyposensitization therapy.
The following were the results of this study.
1. Antigen neutralizing capacity after a year of hyposensitization therapy proved to be greater than those before and, the significant correlation between the inceasing antigen neu-tralizing capacity and the effect of hyposensitization therapy was confirmed.
2. S-IgE level and leukocyte histamine release in the patients with allergic rhinitis did not change generally after hyposensitization therapy.
3. After a year hyposensitization therapy, significant in allergic rhinitis patients increase in S-IgG level occurred, but it had no significant correlation with clinical symptoms.
4. Non-specific nasal mucous membrane sensitivity did not change, but specific nasal mucous membrane sensitivity decreased and correlated significantly with the effect of hyposensitization therapy.

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The laryngeal cancers show an almost uniform histological pattern in comparison with the cancer in other organs. Of these tumors, 99.7% are classified as squamous carcinoma. Histo-pathological study of this cancer has been mainly focused around the grade of malignancy and the mode of the spreading. Electron microscopic studies are rare.
In the present study, 30 cases of laryngeal cancers (20 supraglottic and 10 glottic cancers) were studied by electron microscopy. The tumor tissues taken at surgical operation were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 2% osmic acid, and dehydrated with the ethanol, and embedded in Epon 812 resin. Ultra-thin sections were doubly stained and examined with an HU-12 electron microscope.
Except one case of adenocarcinoma (supraglottic), they were classified histologicaly as to grade of malignancy (Grade I-III).
Findings obtained include:
Squamous cell carcinomas were classified into 3 groups in view of the mode of their inter-cellular junction. These included the interbridge type (consisting mainly of the desmosome), octopus-like projection type (the cytoplasmic processes were entangled each other), and the intermediate type. In cases of Grade III, no interbridge type was found and desmosomes were found infrequently.
The grade of histological malignancy was found to be correlated with electron microscopic findings of nucleus and cytoplasm as for the appearance of heterochromatin and nucleolar nu-cleolonema, and atypia of the nucleus, and development of mitochondria, polysomes and of tonofilaments in the cytoplasm.
As to the coutinuity of basement membrane, the electron microscopic classification could be made from Type 1 (no defect of the membrane) to Type 4 (no basement membrane). All cases of Grade III were classified as Type 4.
No adenoacanthoma was found in the present study. In no cases, virus like particle was observed.
Papillary adenocarcinoma showed the solid proliferation and formed canaliculi with a large number of microvilli. In the cytoplasm of tumor cells in this case, secretory granules of high electron density were found, but no tonofilaments were observed.
The direct neoplastic change of the ciliated epithelium and glandular epithelium was found to be extremely rare.
In conclusion, the electron microscopic observations were correlated to the grade of his-tological malignancy. Findings of the basement membrane seem to be an useful index for the spreading of laryngeal tumors.
It is assumed that the squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx developes tfrom the epithelium through the stage of the squamous metaplasia.

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A new therapeutic method of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), by the treatment of nasopharyngitis was first discribed by Horiguti. In this paper, the results using this therapy is presented.
Serological studies on RA which was treated by only nasopharyngeal treatment for several years disclosed that the titers of ASL-0 were able to be maintained under low level (around 12 Todds units). This was one of the important conditions for recovering from RA.
Determination of plasma 11-hydroxy corticosteroid (11-OHCS) in the peripheral blood of RA patients showed that nasopharyngeal treatment for them was effective and important especially during the withdrawal period of steroid hormone after long standing administration.
Lastly, the relationship between nasopharyngitis and rheumatoid arthritis was discussed.

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A total of 70 infants, complaining of hearing loss or speech retardation, were employed in this study. Evoked Response Audiometry (ERA) was carried out for 63 infants, Electro- cochleography (ECoG) for 26 infants and Brain Stem Response (BSR) for 41 infants. The role of these objective audiological examinations in ped-audiology was evaluated.
The results were as follows:
1) ERA is the best method to judge whether the infant is total deaf or not.
2) Response thresholds of electrocochleographical AP and BSR were lower than those of ERA.
3) Thresholds of AP responses to tone pips of 2kHz, 4 kHz and 8 kHz were in relatively good agreement with the behavioral hearing thresholds for pure tones of each frequency.
4) Response threshold of BSR to click was generally in good agreement with the sub- jective threshold for the same stimuli. In case of sharp-cut type high tone hearing loss (above 2 kHz), however, there was a great difference between them.
5) Latencies of AP in infants differ from those in adults.
6) Since standard deviations of BSR-latency were much greater than those of AP-latency, the measurement of BSR latency is not useful in differential diagnosis of hearing losses.

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In order to investigate appropriate audiometry for deafness, especially for severe deafness, infra aural muscle reflex (aural reflex) and uncomfortable level (UCL) in deafness and normals were measured by using an impedance meter (Nagashima's Aural Reflex Indicator) with a computor. The subjects were 14 (18 ears) with normal hearing and 103 (111 ears) sensorineural deafness, and the age ranged between 0 and 48 years old, in whom 73 subjects (62%) were ranged from 3 to 6 years old.
The results were as follows:
1) Aural reflex could be obtained 100% in normal hearing subjects and those with the hear- ing loss less than 40 dB, 88% in those with 50 to 70 dB hearing loss, and 78% in those with 80 to 100 dB hearing loss.
2) Aural reflex and hearing loss was highly correlated dispersing within t 5 dB range, which indicates that aural reflex is available for objective audiometry.
3) The threshold of aural reflex was considered as the highest level in comfortable level, then the dB range from the threshold of aural reflex to the hearing threshold was considered as the dynamic range.
4) The threshold of aural reflex was almost close to UCL in sensorineural deafness. The UCL could not be changed by auditory training. In order to control recruitment phenomena, it is desirable to use a hearing aid which is combined with automatic volume compression so that voice and sound pressure level may be within the dynamic range.
5) The possibility of measurement of aural reflex in severe deafness indicates that the auditory impulse reaches nucleus of the lateral lemniscus in the brain stem, and the transmis-sion system of sound energy in inner ear is still functional.

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