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Volume 85, Issue 6
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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YUICHI MAJIMA, YASUO SAKAKURA, TAKASHI MATSUBARA, SUMIKO MURAL, YASURO ...1982 Volume 85 Issue 6 Pages 621-628
Published: June 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 16, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChronic sinusitis is one of the most prevalent nasal diseases in Japan. Muco-purulent nasal discharge is the major symptom of this disease. Nasal mucociliary clearance was measured both in healthy subjects and the patients with chronic sinusitis. A method with saccharin granule was used for the measurement of mucociliary transit time (ST). Nasal mucociliary clearance in chronic sinusitis was significantly decelerated in comparison to the control (p<0.005).
Nasal secretions (mucus) were collected from nasal cavity by aspiration both in patients and healthy controls. Each sample of nasal discharges was used for in vitro bulfrog palate clearance studies and the results were compared to the nasal mucociliary clearance. Mucociliary transport rate on mucus depleted frog palate (MTR on frog palate) was 12.5±2.5mm/min in mucus of the control and 6.1±1.5mm/min in mucus of chronic sinusitis. This differaence was statistic-ally significant (p<0.005). The MTR on frog palate in the patients whose nasal ST were within normal range was significantly lower than that in controls (p<0.005), but was not significantly different from MTR on frog palate in the patients whose nasal ST were over the normal range. These results suggest that properties of nasal mucus which decreased mucociliary clearance on frog palate did not contribute to the nasal mucociliary clearance of the patients with chronic sinusitis.
The correlation between MTR on frog palate and nasal ST was not statistically significant in both controls and the patients with chronic sinusitis.
In chronic sinusitis, decelerated nasal ST improved significantly by the administration of physiological saline with nasal nebulizer in comparison to the nasal ST before the administr-ation (p<0.01). No significant change of nasal ST was observed in controls before and after the nebulization.
The decelerated mucociliary clearance thus depends on properties of the nasal mucus in parts, and depends largely on the factors which exist only in nasal cavities in vivo. These in vivo factors will be affected by administration of physiological saline by nebulizer.View full abstractDownload PDF (525K) -
KIMIHISA NOMURA, KOJI TOKUMASU, SUSUMU IIDA, YOSHIKO KUSUNOKI, YOICHI ...1982 Volume 85 Issue 6 Pages 629-638
Published: June 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 16, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeveral screening equilibration tests were carried out in 238 pupils of the first up to the sixth grade in a primary school in Hiratsuka city (Kanagawa prefecture). The examinations included the one foot standing test in forward tilted posture with eyes open, the walking test with eyes closed, the twice step-rotating test with eyes closed, the rail-walking test and the balance board test with eyes open, which were reported in our previous papers.
The subjects, whose results did not fit the standard values in one or more of the tests and the subjects with idiopathic scoliosis were 76 (31.9%) out of 238 pupils. They were re-examined by other selective tests, such as the blinded-folded vertical writing test, the stepping test with eyes closed, the statokinesimetry in standing erect with eyes closed, spontaneous, positional and positioning nystagmus tests under Frenzel's glasses and the tympanometry.
In the vertical writing test 44. 7% of the cases showed the deviated writing of above 10 degrees and 66. 2% of them showed the areas of more than 14.8 cm2 in statokinesigrams. On the contrary, the results of stepping test remained within normal limits in all of them.
Positional nystagmus was observed in two cases. Tympanogram of type B or C was obtained in 28.9% of the cases. Relationships between the results of the paired tests including the other factors, for example, Rohrer's index and the scores in gymnastic and in learning, were sta-tistically examined.
Contrary to our expectation, any significant correlation of the results between in the screen-ing tests and in the selective ones could not be found.
Reverse correlation was noticed in the following paired test results: Rohrer's index and gymnastic, and Rohrer's index and the one foot standing test in forward tilted posture. Positive correlation was observed in the scores of gymnastic and learning. These results resemble those obtained in our previous studies.View full abstractDownload PDF (658K) -
KUNIKO UESUGI1982 Volume 85 Issue 6 Pages 639-644
Published: June 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 16, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHorizontal pursit eye movements were recorded by electronystagmography using silver plate electrodes in 30 normal subjects. The target movements: 1) circular, square ane diamond, 2) clockwise and counterclockwise. The speeds of the target were 0.1Hz, 0.25Hz and 0.5Hz. The saccades to the right or left were counted during ten cycles of the target movements.
When the targets moved clockwise or counterclockwise, there were no significant difference of the mean value of the saccades. The mean value of the saccades when the target moved clockwise was smaller than that when the target moved counterclockwise. Most smooth pursuit movements appeared when the target moved clockwise with the speed of 0.25Hz.
Pursuit eye movements were recorded while white noises were given to the right or left ear. The mean value of the saccades when the white noise was given to the ear were smaller than the mean value of the saccades without white noise. However, there was no significant difference between the right ear and the left ear when the white noise was given.
Also, pursuit eye movements were recorded while speech discrimination test was performed to the right or left ear. There was no significant difference between the right ear and the left ear.View full abstractDownload PDF (430K) -
ANALYSIS OF 25 PAIRS OF DEAF TWINMASATOSHI HORIUCHI1982 Volume 85 Issue 6 Pages 645-653
Published: June 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 16, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOriginal index of 53 pairs of deaf twin, who had graduated from schools for the deaf in Japan, was represented as the subject of this study. Such investigations as pure tone audiogram, routine physical examinations and genetic analysis were essential for identifying the nature of congenital deafness. The zygosity diagnosis was based on the principle of the probability method. After preliminary work-ups of 53 pairs of twin, 25 suitable pairs were selected for the evaluation of genetical analysis for the profoundly deaf. Ratio of monozygotic to dizygotic twins was 17:8. The concordance of profound deafness was seen 88.2 per cent in monozygotic twins, while only 50.0 per cent in dizygotic twins. Penetrance of this gene was 0.94. The difference of hearing loss between each of twin of monozygotic pairs were significantly larger than that of dizygotic pairs. Incidence of inbreeding coefficient in parents of 25 pairs of twin was relatively higher than in general population. This study indicated important role of genetical control in congenital profound deafness.View full abstractDownload PDF (685K) -
IN THE CASE OF VOCAL FOLD DISEASESHARUHIKO SUZUKI1982 Volume 85 Issue 6 Pages 654-666
Published: June 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 16, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMeasurement of the mechanical properties of the human vocal fold in vivo makes it possible to clarify the physiological, or pathophysiological aspect of the voice-emittance mechanism. This study is concerned with the resonance frequencies of both vocal folds with unilateral vocal fold polyp, recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis and glottic cancer which may cause a right-and-left difference of the mechanical properties of the vocal folds.
A compulsory vibration was induced to the vocal fold by pressing a vibrator on the midline of the thyroid cartilage. The vocal fold vibration, thus created, was measured and recorded as a function of frequencies and Q-values of the resonance by using the Ultrasonic Pulse Method.
The resonance frequencies observed are: (1) f=118.1±12.0Hz for the vocal fold with polyp and f=131.8±11.9Hz for the healthy side, (2) f=134.5±16.9Hz for the vocal fold with cancer and f=118.5±12.4Hz for the other side, and (3) f=106.1±20.0Hz for the vocal fold with recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis and f=124.3±20.7Hz for the other.
No significant differences are observed in Q-values between the sick and healthy sides in all three diseases.
Theoretically, the resonance frequency of the vocal fold is determined by its mass and stiffness. Decreased resonance frequency of the vocal fold with polyp in comparison with healthy side is considered to be an effect of increased mass. Increased resonance frequency of the vocal fold with cancer in comparison with healthy side is due to increased stiffness. Decreased resonance frequency of the vocal fold with recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis in comparison with healthy side can be the result of decreased stiffness.View full abstractDownload PDF (923K) -
MAKITO OKAMOTO, TETSUYA SHITARA, SHINICHI NISHIHATA, MAKOTO ODA1982 Volume 85 Issue 6 Pages 667-673
Published: June 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 16, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFive cases of the hearing disturbances observed in Behcet's disease were reported. They were all male, and four of them were complete type and one was incomplete without the occular symptome. From pure tone audiograms, they were diagnosed as the idiopathic bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, the sudden deafness, the unilateral sensorineural hearing loss or almost normal except for the 15dB impairment in 250Hz of the right ear. After additional detailed audiologic examinations, the inner ear lesion was suspected in each case. It took about a decade from the appearance of the initial symptome of the Behcet's disease to that of the hearing impairment. They were followed up for a period of more than six months in our clinic. During this period the hearing thresholds of them showed fluctuation and/or progression. The corticosteroid therapy which is now supposed to be contraindication for the occular symptome, was effective for the period of fluctuation or progression of the hearing loss. The combined therapy of the vasodilator, ATP and vitamin B complexes was also effective for that period.View full abstractDownload PDF (399K) -
YOSHITAKA FUTATSUGI, NORIYUKI YANAGITA, SHIGEYASU NISHIMURA1982 Volume 85 Issue 6 Pages 674-680
Published: June 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 16, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA microstructural consideration has been given to the role of the cochlear aqueduct in the inner ear lesions. Guinea pigs were used in this study. In order to induce the lesions physiological salt solution, India ink and staphylococci aureus were injected into the cisterna magna. Staphylococci aureus were injected also into the scala tympani. Then, microstructural changes of the cochlear aqueduct were observed by means of a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The following results were obtained.
No change was noted by the injection of physiological salt solution into the cisterna magna. By injecting India ink into the cisterna magna, passage was noted via the cochlear aqueduct to the scala tympani in all 100 ears of 50 animals.
By injecting staphylococci aureus into the cisterna magna, migrating leukocytes and macrophages tended to increase gradually from the external orifice to the internal orifice of the cochlear aqueduct on the 1st, 3rd and 7th days. Even in the specimen of 7th day after experiment less changes were observed at the internal orifice than at the external orifice.
No change was noted in the cribriform structure of the internal orifice. In the scala tympani, only inflammatory cell infiltration was noted in the majority of specimens.
Likewise, in the experiment of injection of staphylococci aureus into the scala tympani, inflammatory changes similar to the above-mentioned were noted in the cochlear aqueduct, but the crobriform structure of the internal orifice remained normal.
On the contrary, the internal auditory canal showed almost no change compared with the cochlear aqueduct.
From the present experimental results, it could be confirmed that the periotic duct tissue of the cochlear aqueduct reacts especially to bacterial infection. The swollen connective tissue forms dense meshwork structure, defending against bacteria and other foreign bodies. Simultaneously, reticular cells, macrophages and leukocytes are hypertrophied by engulfing foreign substances and form dense meshwork structure, fortifying the defense function.View full abstractDownload PDF (3067K) -
KUNIHIKO TSUTSUMIUCHI1982 Volume 85 Issue 6 Pages 681-696
Published: June 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 16, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the pupillary reactions in Meniere's disease, the pupil diameters of both eyes were measured simultaneously on 39 patients with Meniere's disease, 18 dizzy patients not related with Meniere's disease, and 26 normal subjects. An infrared pupillometer, manufactured for trial at Institute for Medical and Dental Engineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, was used for this purpose. The results obtained were as follows;
1. 11% of the patients with Meniere's disease, 13% of the dizzy patients not related with Meniere's disease and 12% of the normal subjects showed anisocoria in the ordinary condition.
2. Two drops of 0.1% pilocarpine, topically applied to both eyes, induced anisocoria in 26% of the patients with Meniere's disease, 44% of the dizzy patients not related with Meniere's disease and 9% of the normal subjects. Topical application of pilocarpine seems to bring about anisocoria more frequently in the patients with dizziness or vertigo than in the normal subjects.
3. As far as the light reflex is concerned, 38% of the patients with Meniere's disease showed the delay of redilation phase, particularly the delay of the second redilation phase, and even hippus. This emphatically indicates that Meniere's disease has a much higher tendency to it than the other causes of vertigo or dizziness, and the normal group. According to the previous literatures, the second redilation phase of the pupillary reaction is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system. Based on this fact, this abnormality is considered to be due to the abnormality in the sympathetic nervous system.
4. Breath holding or hyperventilation induced the disappearance of the hippus in the ordinary condition and the delay of the redilation phase.
From these observations, the auther concluded that Meniere's disease was closely related to the abnormality of the autonomic nervous system, especially the sympathetic nervous system.View full abstractDownload PDF (1192K) -
[in Japanese]1982 Volume 85 Issue 6 Pages 736-739
Published: June 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 16, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (231K)
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