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Volume 87, Issue 9
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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SECOND REPORT: THE INFLUENCE OF THE NASAL OBSTRUCTION ON THE PRODUCTION OF LOCAL ANTIBODIES AND ON THE NASAL DEFENSE MECHANISMS AGAINST INFECTIONYOSHITAKA OKAMOTO1984 Volume 87 Issue 9 Pages 1071-1074
Published: September 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs a part of the study of host defense mechanisms of the nose, the following experiments were performed.
1. The rats having an artificially obstructed noses, were exposed, along with control-group rats, to bacterial extract aerosols.
After the first exposure, the antibody titer of the nasal washings did not appreciably exceed the measurable level in either group. However, the second exposure evoked a definite rise in the titer of nasal washings by the control group, but not by the other.
2. Following the second exposure of the bacterial extract aerosols, the rats in both groups were infected with aerosol inhalation of viable bacterial cells. Those on which the extract was administrated intraperitoneally were also exposed in the similar manner. The rise and fall in the bacterial counts by the lungs and noses were thoroughly studied.
No bacterial cells were found in the noses of the group having high antibody titer in the nasal washings within 2 week after bacterial inhalation. The group having low antibody titer, however, showed a residue of bacteria. They showed, however, a high serum antibody titer.
These results suggest that antibodies in the nose exert a wide defensive influence on inhalated bacteria, and that the obstruction of the nasal breathing prevents the production of the nasal local antibodies.View full abstractDownload PDF (1228K) -
YUICHI MAJIMA, YASUO SAKAKURA, HIROSHI ITO, TAKASHI MATSUBARA, YASURO ...1984 Volume 87 Issue 9 Pages 1075-1085
Published: September 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDecelerated nasal mucociliary clearance has been demonstrated in patients with chronic sinusitis. However, it is as yet known whether this depression in mucociliary clearance is related to changes in the rheological properties of mucus, in the number and function of the cilia, or other factors. The purpose of this study was to determine if abnormal rheological properties of mucus or decrease of number of cilia contribute to the mucociliary dysfunction in chronic sinusitis.
Nasal mucus was collected from 38 patients with chronic sinusitis and then, nasal mucociliary clearance (ST) was determined by saccharin granule technique. ST of the 16 patients was within normal range and ST of the other 22 patients was decelerated. Mucociliary transport rate of the nasal mucus on mucus depleted bullfrog palate was 5.93±1.04 mm/min in the patients whose ST was normal, and was 5.54±1.94 mm/min in the patients whose ST was decelerated. Significant difference in the mucociliary transport rate on frog palate was not observed between these two groups. This result suggests that rheological properties may not contribute to the slowing of nasal mucociliary clearance.
The quantitative scanning electron microscopic study was performed on both nasal turbinate and maxillary sinus mucosae of 14 coupled samples. The epithelial surface occupied by cilia was determined using an image analyzer. The ciliated area of the epithelium was 90.2±9.9% in the nasal turbinate and 54.4±35.1% in the maxillary sinus mucosa from the patients undergone radical surgery. Cilia were not injured in the nasal cavity and were injured in the maxillary sinus in various degrees. This result shows that the slowing of nasal mucociliary clearance is not due to the decrease of the number of cilia.
There was no decrease in the number of cilia in the nasal cavity in patients with chronic sinusitis. Rheological properties of nasal mucus are not the cause of the impairment of nasal mucociliary clearance in this disease. In conclusion, other factors such as tethering between outer mucous layer and mucus secreting cells and/or decrease of the thickness of periciliary fluid layer may play a major role for the deceleration of nasal mucociliary clearance associated with chronic sinusitis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1287K) -
TORU SUENAGA, NOBORU SAKAI, SATOSHI FUKUDA, KATSUHIKO TANAKA, YOSHIHIK ...1984 Volume 87 Issue 9 Pages 1082-1088
Published: September 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere has been an increase in the number of fungal infections of the nasal and paranasal cavity in recent years. The authors present eleven cases of our own in recent three years, containning three very rare cases. One is the case of nasal cavity, another is of sphenoid sinus, the other is of bilateral maxiller sinuses. This fact means that the fungal infections of the nasal cavity widely exist more than being expected previously.View full abstractDownload PDF (1889K) -
YUKIO WATANABE, NAOKI OHASHI, JUNICHI IMAMURA, KANEMASA MIZUKOSHI1984 Volume 87 Issue 9 Pages 1089-1095
Published: September 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPreviously we reported a computer system to analyze ENG by on-line real time process.
In this paper, some fundamental conditions about computer analysis of ENG, that is, the characteristics of ENG recording system and the analyzing process of computer, and some technical problems in the use of micro-computer were studied. Amplitude and velocity of slow phase were little influenced by time constant, but fast phase velocity was influenced significantly. The experiment on effects of noise filter showed that the velocity of the fast phase was significantly lowered by a low frequency noise filter.
Sampling frequency also affected to fast phase velocity as noise filter did. It would be better to sample with high frequency, however, high sampling frequency might increase the processes work for the computer analysis.
It was generally accepted that the programing of micro-computer was simple and easy, however, in a case of complicated program as real time process of ENG, it is not simple, but rather difficult than programing of mini-computer. This might be due to the lack of detailed informations about the operating system offered by a computer maker.View full abstractDownload PDF (905K) -
TOSHIMITSU KOBAYASHI, TOKIO SAKURAI, JUN KUSAKARI, HIROMICHI AIHARA, O ...1984 Volume 87 Issue 9 Pages 1096-1102
Published: September 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAuditory evoked brain stem response (ABR) and electrocochleogram (ECoG) were simultaneously recorded during six cerebellopontine angle surgeries (three acoustic neuromas and three microvascular decompressions for hemifacial spasm or trigeminal neuralgia).
This study indicated that ECoG is more useful than ABR in identifying the wave I and in detecting the subtle latency change of the wave I during the operative manipulations. It is suggested that simultaneous recording of ABR and ECoG can be more advantageous than merely relying an ABR in the intraoperative monitoring of the auditory function during the cerebellopontine angle surgery.View full abstractDownload PDF (987K) -
TAKEO OMATA, MICHIO KOBARI, JIN OUCHI, WALTER SCHÄTZLE1984 Volume 87 Issue 9 Pages 1103-1110
Published: September 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMorphological changes of the afferent and efferent nerve endings of the outer hair cells after acoustic exposure were studied by means of a transmission electron microscope. Thirtyone rabbits were exposed to the pure tone of 2kHz 100dB for two hours. Afterwards they were morphologically examined at regular intervals for one month. In the afferent and efferent nerve endings the mitochondria dilated and small vesicles decreased in number immediately after acoustic exposure. The recovery of these changes was observed. The agglomerations of the synaptic vesicles along the synaptic membrane and the gaptructures in the synaptic cleft were noted in the efferent nerve endings after acoustic exposure. These changes were discussed from an electron microscopical viewpoint.View full abstractDownload PDF (1380K) -
CHIKAKO MIDORIKAWA, MASAHIRO TAKAHASHI, NAOMI TSUJITA, HARUKO HOSHIKAW ...1984 Volume 87 Issue 9 Pages 1111-1119
Published: September 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo evaluate a simple cold caloric test (20°C water irrigation for 10 seconds with a 5ml syringe and stimulation for 20 seconds), 10 normal persons were subjected to the simple cold test, a cold test with a Nelaton's catheter (20°C water irrigation of 20ml and 50ml), and a cold and hot caloric test (30°C and 44°C water irrigation of 20ml).
The maximum eye velocity and duration of caloric nystagmus were compared among the different irrigation methods.
At the same time, the results obtained from many patients who underwent the simple cold caloric test were investigated.
1) The simple cold test which possessed the most reliable thermal stimulation showed a stronger response and better reproduction than the other methods with a Nelaton's catheter.
2) The response in the simple cold test was defined as normal when the maximum eye velocity was not less than 20°/sec. and the response difference between the both ears was less than 20°/sec.
3) The criteria with 5 grades to evaluate the response in the simple cold test were made according to the maximum eye velocity.
4) From the correlation between the caloric response and the dose of streptomycin, the simple cold test was suitable to detect mild or progressive vestibular dysfunction.
5) The simple cold test seems to be useful to quantify the vestibular function, since it offers valuable findings which cannot be obtained from the cold and hot caloric test.View full abstractDownload PDF (1180K) -
ARTIFACTS OF EGG ALBUMIN ON THE ACOUSTIC IMAGE AND THEIR DETECTIONYOJIRO INOUE, MINORU HIRANO, YUKI KAKITA1984 Volume 87 Issue 9 Pages 1120-1125
Published: September 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs a part of the series of study of the mechanical properties of the human vocal folds by means of a scanning acoustic microscope (SAM), the effect of the egg albumin, which was used for fixating the specimen on a sample plate, on the acoustic image was examined.
In the first part of the study, a double blind comparison was made on the acoustic images of sample plates with and without the egg albumin. As a result, it was revealed that the egg albumin affected the acoustic image by giving unfavorable stains when the lens was focussed on the surface of the sample plate. The stains were observed even when the focus was set 20μm above the plate.
The following method was then devised to detect the stains or artifacts in the acoustic image obtained by SAM. First, two slides of acoustic images were made from two serial sections. The slides were then projected on a screen using two separate projectors with red and blue cellophane cover on the lens respectively. If there existed any artifacts in the acoustic image, they manifested themselves colored on the screen.View full abstractDownload PDF (799K)
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